老年原发性高血压患者脉压与靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者脉压与靶器官损害的严重程度及其相关性.方法将98例老年原发性高血压患者分为脉压＜60mm Hg和脉压≥60mmHg两组,均做心电图、超声心动图、头颅CT、颈动脉超声,血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、尿肌酐和尿白蛋白检查.结果脉压≥60 mm Hg组与脉压＜60 mm Hg组比较,其左心室重量指数（LVMI）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、颈动脉内膜厚度（IMT）、颈动脉斑块发生率（CAPR）、BUN、Cr、尿白蛋白定量等指标均高于脉压＜60 mm Hg组（P＜0.05）,靶器官损害发生率高于脉压＜60 mm Hg组（P均＜0.05）.结论老年原发性高血压患者靶器官损害与增大的脉压有关,控制脉压可以减轻靶器官损害程度.     

24小时平均脉压对高血压病患者左室重构的影响

目的 探讨24 h平均脉压对高血压病患者左室重构的影响.方法 用动态血压监测24 h平均收缩压(MSBP)与舒张压(MDBP),它们之差为24 h平均脉压(MPP).根据MPP≥60 mm Hg或＜60 mm Hg把207例高血压病患者分成2组,以超声探头测左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室肌重量指数(LVMI)和左室射血分数(EF).以协方差分析校正MSBP和MDBP影响后比较两组间左室重构的指标.结果 在24 h平均脉压≥60 mm Hg组中,LVDd,IVSd、LVPWd和LVMI均较对照组高(P＜0.05),即使校正了MSBP和MDBP影响后,这种差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 24 h平均脉压增高是导致高血压患者左室重构重要原因之一.     

动态脉压对老年高血压病患者左心室肥厚及主动脉根部扩张的影响

目的研究老年高血压病患者动态脉压(24 h PP)与左心室肥厚(LVH)及主动脉根部(AOD)扩张的相关关系。方法对60例老年高血压病患者进行动态血压(ABP)和超声心动图等检查,分别测量ABP和超声心动图的各种参数。将24 h PP≥60 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)的患者30例作为A组,24 h PP<60 mm Hg的患者30例作为B组。结果A、B两组LVH和AOD扩张的发生率差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。左心室重量指数与24 h PP2、4 h平均收缩压(24 h SBP)密切相关(P<0.01),与脉压和收缩压呈正相关(P<0.05)。AOD与24 h PP、24 h SBP、年龄和病程密切相关(P<0.01)。结论老年高血压病患者的24 h PP与LVH及AOD扩张密切相关,24 h PP可作为评价抗高血压药物能否更好地减少高血压病患者靶器官损害的重要指标之一。     

老年高血压病病人脉压与靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨脉压(PP)与高血压病靶器官损害的关系.方法 120例药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病病人,根据脉压水平的不同,分为PP＜60 mmHg和PP≥60 mmHg两组,颈动脉超声检测颈动脉粥样斑块发生率(CAPR)、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及内径(LD),超声心动图检测主动脉根部内径(AOD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房收缩期充盈峰值流速与左心室舒张早期充盈峰值流速比值(A/E),生化测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr).评价不同脉压水平的靶器官损害.结果与PP＜60 mmHg组比较,PP≥60 mmHg组CAPR、IMT、LD、AOD、LAD、LVMI、A/E、BUN、Scr均显著升高(P＜0.05),LVEF、Ccr均显著降低(P＜0.05).结论老年高血压病病人脉压增大,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害,控制脉压可以减轻靶器官损害程度.     

老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚的关系。方法选择原发性老年高血压患者68例,以左心室重量指数(LVMI)作为评价左心室肥厚指标,将患者分为左心室肥厚组(32例)和非左心室肥厚组(36例)。以颈动脉-股动脉肢体动脉搏动波(cfPWV)和脉压作为评价动脉僵硬度指标,进行24 h动态血压监测、cfPWV及超声心动图检测,并进行多因素相关分析。结果左心室肥厚组较非左心室肥厚组患者cfPWV高[(14.45±1.83)m/s vs(10.89±1.94)m/s]、脉压大[(78.66±9.05)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(60.39±7.74)mm Hg],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),logistic回归分析显示,LVMI与cfPWV、脉压呈正相关。结论动脉僵硬度增加是老年高血压患者左心室肥厚的重要危险因素。     

原发性高血压患者动态脉压与靶器官损害的关系

对183例原发性高血压患者行24 h无创动态血压监测,按动态脉压分为A组(脉压＜60 mmHg)61例、B组(脉压60～80眦Hg)75例、C组(脉压＞80mmHg)47例,分别行血肌酐、心电图、超声心动图、颈动脉超声检查.发现C组患者左心室重量指数、颈动脉斑块指数、左心室舒张末径均高于其他两组,靶器官损害发生率最高.认为脉压增大是左心室肥厚和颈动脉内膜增厚的危险因素.     

老年高血压患者血压变异性与靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压变异性(BPV)与靶器官损害的关系。方法选择133例老年人群临床资料,分为高血压组98例和对照组35例,进行24 h动态血压监测,比较2组24 h、昼间、夜间收缩压和舒张压的平均值及标准差,以标准差代表BPV的值。根据昼间收缩压标准差的第50百分位数将高血压组分为昼间高BPV组48例和昼间低BPV组50例,比较2组的危险因素、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)和微量白蛋白尿。结果高血压组24 h、昼间、夜间收缩压和收缩压变异性明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);昼间高BPV组IMT、LVMI明显高于昼间低BPV组[(1.09±0.44)mm vs(0.94±0.17)mm,P<0.05;(239.97±52.87)g/m~2 vs(208.41±46.10)g/m~2,P<0.01]。多元线性回归分析显示,昼间收缩压变异性与颈总动脉IMT、LVMI独立相关。结论老年高血压患者BPV较高,昼间收缩压变异性是颈总动脉IMT增厚和左心室肥厚的预测指标。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰现象与靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰(MBPS)与靶器官损害的相关性。方法:老年原发性高血压患者292例,据24h动态血压分晨峰组(MBPS组,128例)与非晨峰组(非MBPS组,164例),检查血脂、空腹血糖、肌酐,计算人体质量指数(BMI)、行心脏和颈动脉超声检查,计算左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果:与非MBPS组比较,MBPS组24h收缩压(SBP)[(138.2±13.2)mmHg比(153.1±12.1)mmHg]、白昼SBP[(143.3±12.7)mmHg比(158.2±9.1)mmHg]以及夜间SBP[(136.6±9.4)mmHg比(150.7±10.1)mmHg]均明显升高(P<0.05),LVMI[(101.76±34.45)g/m2比(138.13±37.6)g/m2]、颈动脉IMT[(0.84±0.11)mm比(1.35±0.35)mm]均明显增大(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,血压晨峰与LVMI、IMT呈正相关(r分别=0.688,0.524,P均<0.05)。结论:老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰现象加重靶器官损害。     

原发性高血压病24小时平均脉压与靶器官损害关系探讨

目的探讨24h平均脉压(24hPP)与原发性高血压患者靶器官损害的关系。方法选择187例原发性高血压患者行24h动态血压监测,根据24hPP水平分为A组(24hPP<40mmHg)、B组(40~50mmHg)、C组(50~60mmHg)、D组(60mmHg≤24hPP)四组,行超声心动图及24小时尿微量白蛋白定量检查。结果高血压患者,随着24hPP水平的增宽,左心室心肌质量指数(LVMI)增加、左心室射血分数(LVEF)降低、左心室舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度的比(E/A)值减少、E峰减速时间(DT)值增加,24小时尿微量蛋白增多(P<0.05~0.01)。结论24hPP对左心室功能损害及肾功能损害有预测价值,高血压病患者随着24hPP增宽更易导致左心室肥厚、左心室收缩舒张功能减退及肾功能损害。     

老年原发性高血压患者晨峰现象与靶器官损害

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压晨峰(MBPS)现象对靶器官损害的影响. 方法 老年原发性高血压患者186例,依24 h动态血压分MBPS组(104例)和非MBPS组(82例).所有对象进行心脏和颈动脉超声检查,计算左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块的发生率. 结果 MBPS组24 h、白昼以及夜间平均收缩压、脉压均较非MBPS组高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),MBPS组的LVMI及左右两侧颈动脉IMT均明显高于非MBPS组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);颈动脉斑块的发生率MBPS组显著高于非MBPS组(P＜0.01). 结论 老年原发性高血压患者具有MBPS现象者有明显的靶器官损害.     

老年代谢综合征患者静息心率增加与靶器官损害的相关性

目的 探讨老年代谢综合征患者静息心率(RHR)与靶器官损害的关系. 方法 入选老年代谢综合征患者264例,按RHR水平分为4组:RHRl组;RHR<65次/min 46例;RHR2组:65次/min≤RHR<75次/min 77例;RHR3组:75次/min≤RHR<85次/min 89例;RHR4组:RHR≥85次/min 52例.对入选患者检查心电图、超声心动图、颈动脉超声、肌酐清除率(Ccr)及尿微量白蛋白. 结果 (1)RHR4组的颈动脉内膜厚度、颈动脉内径、左心室重量指数及尿微量白蛋白定量均高于RHR1、RHR2和RHR3组(P<0.05或P<0.01),左心室射血分数、Ccr均小于RHR1、RHR2和RHR3组(均为P<0.01);(2)RHR与颈动脉内膜厚度、颈动脉内径、左心事重量指数及尿微量白蛋白定量呈正相关(r分别为0.33、0.23、0.61、0.58,均为P<0.01),与左心室射血分数、Ccr呈负相关(r分别为-0.59、-0.51,均为P<0.01);(3)非条件Logistic回归分析结果 显示,RHR和脉压对心肌肥厚、冠心病、心力衰竭、脑卒中和肾功能损害都有不同程度的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中除心力衰竭外,脉压较RHR的作用更大. 结论 RHR可能是老年代谢综合征患者靶器官损害的独立危险因素,控制RHR对于老年代谢综合征的发生、发展具有重要意义.     

凌晨血压增高与亚临床动脉粥样硬化密切相关

目的探讨高血压患者凌晨血压增高(MBPS)及动态血压监测参数与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法高血压患者226例,分为MBPS组(51例)与非MBPS组(175例),并根据颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)分为IMT增厚组94例和非IMT增厚组132例,分别检查血脂、动态血压监测、颈动脉超声等,比较两组之间年龄、动态血压参数以及颈动脉IMT以及斑块Crouse积分的差别。结果1)MBPS组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、颈动脉IMT、斑块积分显著高于非MBPS组(P<0.05);2)颈动脉IMT增厚组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压显著高于颈动脉非IMT增厚组(P<0.05)。结论MBPS者颈动脉粥样硬化程度较高,MBPS可能促进颈动脉粥样硬化进程。     

老老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与靶器官损害的相关性

目的探讨老老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与靶器官损害的相关性。方法将349例受试者依据年龄和血压分为3组:将60～79岁高血压患者作为老年高血压组(Ⅰ组,122例),年龄≥80岁高血压患者作为老老年高血压组(Ⅱ组,105例),年龄≥80岁血压正常者作为老老年正常血压组(Ⅲ组,1 22例)。动脉脉搏波速度测定仪测定臂踝脉搏波速度(baPWV);彩色超声心动图检测左心室结构,计算左心室重量指数(LVMI);检测24 h尿微量白蛋白及肌酐,计算尿微量蛋白肌酐的比率(ACR),并进行相关分析。结果Ⅱ组患者baPWV和LVMI明显高于Ⅲ组和Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组尿微量白蛋白和ACR明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。baPWV与LVMI、ACR、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、体重指数和年龄呈正相关(r=0.40、0.24、0.37、0.20、0.20、0.22、0.52,P<0.05,P<0.01)。年龄、收缩压和体重指数对baPWV有独立的影响作用;baPWV是影响LVMI和ACR的主要因素。结论老老年原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度增加,且与靶器官损害密切相关。     

维持性血液透析患者颈动脉硬化与左心室肥厚的相关分析

目的：研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者颈动脉硬化程度与左心室肥厚的关系。方法：收集48例MHD患者性别，年龄，体重，身高，BMI及病程等一般临床资料；静脉血查血红蛋白（Hb），尿素氮，肌酐，白蛋白，前白蛋白，总胆固醇，三酰甘油（TG），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），C反应蛋白（CRP），彩色B型超声仪观测双侧颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉处及颈内动脉的解剖及血流动力学，包括斑块，血管内皮厚度（即内膜-中膜厚度，IMT）等，并用超声心动图测定患者心脏的左心室内径、左心房内径、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、室间隔厚度、左心室射血分数等。结果：48例患者中有28例（58％）颈动脉斑块阳性，颈动脉斑块阳性组患者年龄大于颈动脉斑块阴性组（P〈0．01），TC（P〈0．01）、LDL-C（P〈0．05）、CRP（P=0．01）、颈动脉内．中膜厚度（CCA-IMT）（P〈0．01）及左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）（P〈0．001）明显高于颈动脉斑块阴性组。性别分布、透析时间、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、TG、及Hb两组间无明显差异。48例患者中有37例（77％）有左室肥厚，左室肥厚组患者收缩压、舒张压及脉压明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01）；左室肥厚组高血压的发生率及LVMI明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．001），CCA-IMT明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．05），颈动脉斑块发生率明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01），而Hb则明显低于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01）。两组之间在性别年龄分布、透析时间、CRP则无明显差别。相关性分析显示，LVMI与收缩压和脉压高度相关（P〈0．001），与舒张压和CCA-IMT中度相关（P〈0．01），与Hb呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：MHD患者颈动脉硬化与左室肥厚关系密切，动脉硬化的治疗有可能预防和逆转MHD患者的左室肥厚。     

Renal resistive index and cardiovascular organ damage in a large population of hypertensive patients

We evaluated the relationship between renal resistive index (RRI) of the intrarenal vasculature and cardiovascular (CV) organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis in a large sample of hypertensive patients. 566 hypertensive patients underwent echocardiography with conventional Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), carotid and renal ultrasonography. In addition, lipids profile, creatinine in serum, and urinary albumin concentrations were determined. The patients were divided according to their RRI values in 2 groups: <70 and >or=70. Subjects with high RRI were older, had higher systolic and pulse pressure (PP) and more years of hypertension, compared to those with low RRI (P<0.0001). Patients with the higher RRI showed an increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with a higher prevalence of LVH, carotid plaques and microalbuminuria (P<0.001). There were differences in overall diastolic parameters, in particular when evaluated by DTI (P<0.001). A positive correlation was found between RRI and age, PP, carotid IMT, LVMI, SBP and a negative correlation was found with DTI diastolic parameters (P<0.001). Age, PP, carotid IMT and LVMI were independently related to RRI. While, RRI was independently related to IMT and IVRT. RRI, especially the higher values, are positively correlated with target organ damage in hypertensive patients, indicating that renal vascular resistance is related to morphologic and hemodynamic alteration of the CV system. The evaluation of RRI could predict the presence of early CV damage and provide an accurate estimate of overall risk.     

Cardiac structural and functional changes during long-term antihypertensive treatment with lacidipine and atenolol in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and correlate the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment on left ventricular (LV) mass and carotid structural changes in a large group of essential hypertensive patients, participating in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA). DESIGN: In four (Brescia, Glasgow, Naples and Pisa) of 23 centres participating in the ELSA study, an echocardiographic examination was performed at baseline and repeated, until the end of the 4-year study, in essential hypertensive patients, followed-up for carotid quantitative ultrasound examination of intima-media thickness (IMT), after random allocation to treatment with either lacidipine or atenolol (and added hydrochlorothiazide, as required for control of blood pressure). METHODS: M-mode, two-dimensional guided echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and dimensions, from which LV mass was calculated, using an anatomically validated formula (Penn Convention) and indexed to body surface area (left ventricular mass index, LVMI). The echocardiographic tracings were blindly evaluated in a single reading centre (Brescia). Bilateral IMT was measured at the site of common carotid and bifurcation far walls (CBMmax). RESULTS: At baseline, cardiac and carotid ultrasound scans were available in 278 patients (mean age 54 +/- 7 years, 57% males, 22% obese). A significant correlation was observed between baseline LVMI and CBMmax (r = 0.22, P < 0.001), independent of age. In multivariate analysis, CBMmax and mean 24-h pulse pressure were most strongly associated with baseline LVMI. A significant reduction in LVMI was observed both during lacidipine (n = 96) (-12.5% reduction) and atenolol (n = 78) (-13.9% reduction) treatments (up to 4 years) (P < 0.001 for both, without significant differences between treatments). Changes in LVMI were not related to changes in carotid wall thickness. In multivariate analysis, baseline LV mass and mean 24-h systolic blood pressure changes were significantly associated with changes in LV mass. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, long-term controlled study, antihypertensive treatment with atenolol or lacidipine was accompanied by a similar and significant decrease in LV mass. Treatment-induced changes in LV mass were related to baseline LV mass and changes in 24-h mean systolic blood pressure, without any correlation with changes in carotid structure. In the whole ELSA population, carotid IMT changes have been shown to be unrelated to blood pressure reduction, but significantly influenced by the type of antihypertensive treatment.     

Pulse pressure in normotensives: a marker of cardiovascular disease

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relation of the systemic arterial pulse pressure and other parameters derived from the 24-h arterial blood pressure (BP) monitoring to the severity of coronary artery disease, carotid lesions, and left ventricular (LV) mass index in patients without arterial hypertension. One hundred ten patients with known coronary artery disease underwent coronary arteriography, 24-h arterial BP monitoring, and ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries and the myocardium. Measurements of 24-h arterial BP monitoring (systolic, diastolic, and average BP, pulse pressure, abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP, and heart rate), the severity of coronary heart disease (Gensini score), intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and LV mass index were determined in all patients. By univariate analysis, only 24-h pulse pressure was significantly related to the severity of coronary artery disease (P < .01), carotid IMT(P < .01), and LV mass index (P < .01). In a multivariate analysis, 24-h pulse pressure was also the best predictor of the severity of coronary lesions (P = .009), carotid IMT (P = .003), and LV mass index (P = .009). Gensini score was related (P < .01) to LV mass index and not to carotid IMT. In conclusion, systemic arterial pulse pressure derived from 24-h arterial BP monitoring is related to coronary artery disease, carotid IMT, and LV mass index independently of age or any other derivative of 24-h arterial BP monitoring, indicating that this parameter could be a marker of global cardiovascular risk.     

Relação entre Velocidade de Onda de Pulso e Biomarcadores Cardiovasculares em Pacientes com Fatores de Risco

BackgroundThe relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and biomarkers of structural changes of the left ventricle and carotid arteries remains poorly understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between PWV and these biomarkers.MethodsThis was an analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and pre-hypertension or hypertension, who underwent central blood pressure (CBP) measurement using Mobil-O-Graph®, and carotid doppler or echocardiography three months before and after the CBPM were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson or Spearman correlation, linear bivariate and multiple regression analysis, and the t test (independent) or Mann-Whitney test. A p <0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsMedical records of 355 patients were analyzed, mean age 56.1 (±14.8) years, 51% male. PWV was correlated with intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotids (r=0.310) and left ventricular septal thickness (r=0.191), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r=0.215), and left atrial diameter (r=0.181). IMT was associated with PWV adjusted by age and peripheral systolic pressure (p=0.0004); IMT greater than 1 mm increased the chance of having PWV above 10 m/s by 3.94 times. PWV was significantly higher in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0.0001), IMT > 1 mm (p=0.006), carotid plaque (p=0.0001), stenosis ≥ 50% (p=0.003), and target-organ damage (p=0.0001).ConclusionPWV was correlated with IMT and echocardiographic parameters, and independently associated with IMT. This association was stronger in individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy, increased IMT, carotid plaque, stenosis ≥ 50%, and target organ damage. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1125-1132)     

Maximum value of home blood pressure: a novel indicator of target organ damage in hypertension

The maximum office systolic blood pressure (SBP) has been shown to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, independently of the mean SBP level. However, the clinical implications of maximum home SBP have never been reported. We investigated the association between the maximum home SBP and target organ damage (TOD). We assessed the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasonography and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) as measures of TOD in 356 never-treated hypertensive subjects. Home BP was taken in triplicate in the morning and evening, respectively, for 14 consecutive days with a memory-equipped device. The maximum home SBP was defined as the maximum mean triplicate BP reading in the 14-day period for each individual and was significantly correlated with LVMI (r=0.51, P<0.001), carotid IMT (r=0.40, P<0.001), and UACR (r=0.29, P<0.001). The correlation coefficients with LVMI and carotid IMT were significantly larger for the maximum home SBP than the mean home SBP. In multivariate regression analyses, the maximum home SBP was independently associated with LVMI and carotid IMT, regardless of the mean home BP level. In the prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid atherosclerosis, the goodness-of-fit of the model was significantly improved when the maximum home SBP was added to the sum of the mean office and home BPs (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). These findings indicate that assessment of the maximum home SBP, in addition to the mean home SBP, might increase the predictive value of hypertensive TOD in the heart and artery.