心脏黏液瘤25例超声诊断与外科治疗分析

目的探讨心脏黏液瘤的超声诊断和外科治疗。方法回顾分析25例心脏黏液瘤的超声心动图表现及外科治疗。结果 1例栓塞死亡,其余术后恢复良好,随访3a,未见瘤体复发和远处种植转移。结论超声心动图是诊断心脏黏液瘤的有效方法,但存在误诊可能,心脏黏液瘤外科手术效果佳。     

心脏黏液瘤合并脑梗死的临床分析

目的探讨心脏黏液瘤合并脑梗死的临床治疗。方法选取笔者所在医院收治的3例心脏黏液瘤合并脑梗死患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 3例心脏黏液瘤合并脑梗死患者手术均获成功。术后随访3年,肿瘤无复发。结论心脏黏液瘤合并脑梗死手术治疗效果好。选择合适的手术时机,促进神经功能的恢复和尽量避免因外界因素而引起肿瘤再次脱落的发生对提高左房黏液瘤合并脑梗死手术治愈率有着重要的作用。     

心脏黏液瘤的超声心动图诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨心脏黏液瘤的超声心动图诊断及鉴别诊断。方法将既往超声心动图考虑为心脏黏液瘤,术后随访到病理结果的11例,分析其声像图特征,包括在心脏的位置、形态、大小、数量及血流动力学改变。结果术后病理诊断结果,左房单发黏液瘤8例,左房恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。右房转移瘤1例,左室多发黏液瘤1例。11例病例瘤体均随心动周期而上下活动,其活动度大小不一,位于心房者活动度较大,位于心室者活动度较小。结论心脏黏液瘤的超声心动图虽然比较特异,超声心动图诊断几乎可达100%。但是应想到罕见的心脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤可能。对于右心系统的肿瘤应首先排除转移性肿瘤的可能以避免误诊及漏诊。     

超声心动图在心脏黏液瘤术前诊断及术后随访中的应用

目的 探讨超声心动图对心脏黏液瘤术前诊断及术后随访的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院超声心动图室诊断心脏黏液瘤患者46例,比较患者经手术及病理确诊与超声心动图诊断心脏黏液瘤的符合率.结果 经手术及病理确诊45例,误诊1例,超声心动图对心脏黏液瘤诊断符合率高达97.8％;大部分心脏黏液瘤见于左心房,并带蒂附着于房间隔卵圆窝处;瘤体较大,可合并有瓣膜梗阻、肺动脉高压及动脉栓塞等相关症状;大部分预后良好,术后随访2例复发.结论 超声心动图能及时、可靠发现心脏黏液瘤,为手术提供诊疗依据,可作为术前诊断及术后随访的首选检查方法.     

心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中临床特点和危险因素的单中心队列研究

目的 探讨心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中的临床特点和危险因素,为心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中的早期识别和诊断提供依据。方法 回顾性收集2010年1月至2020年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院的心脏黏液瘤患者408例。分析心脏黏液瘤患者和心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中患者的临床表现,并分析心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。结果 全部408例心脏黏液瘤患者中,396例纳入分析,其中包括48例心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中患者和348例心脏黏液瘤非脑卒中患者。心脏黏液瘤的临床症状不典型,以心脏梗阻、栓塞和全身系统症状为主。在心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中急性期,患者神经功能缺损为轻中度,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分为3(1,10)分,大部分患者(56.3%,27/48)以神经系统症状为首发和唯一表现。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤宽度<30 mm、肿瘤高活动度、肿瘤表面血栓形成和B型脑钠肽(BNP)水平较低均为心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 心脏黏液瘤临床表现多样。心脏黏液瘤相关缺血性脑卒中患者急性期表现为有轻中度神经功能缺损。较窄的...     

心脏肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨23例心脏肿瘤临床特点,总结心脏肿瘤的外科诊断和治疗的经验。方法自2002年6月至2009年12月手术治疗23例心脏肿瘤患者,其中心脏黏液瘤13例,原发性心脏恶性肿瘤4例,右心下腔静脉平滑肌瘤5例,肝癌右心房转移性癌栓1例。所有病例术前均查心脏彩色多普勒超声,怀疑恶性者行CT或核磁共振成像(MRI)检查,除1例患者因右房肿瘤广泛侵犯右房室环及心包而仅做活检外,其余22例均在全麻低温体外循环辅助下行肿瘤切除术。结果住院期间全组病例无死亡,13例黏液瘤患者平均随访2年无复发转移。5例心脏恶性肿瘤患者中除1例因患者无法联系外,余4例均在2年内死亡。右心下腔静脉平滑肌瘤患者中有1例于术后1年半经MRI证实复发。结论原发性心脏良性肿瘤以黏液瘤多见,彻底切除肿瘤是防止复发的关键。心脏恶性肿瘤预后差,早期手术治疗并辅以综合治疗可望改善预后。     

原发性心脏肿瘤外科治疗体会

目的 总结原发性心脏肿瘤的外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析87例原发性心脏肿瘤的临床特征及诊治结果 .1996年1月-2006年4月,共手术治疗原发性心脏肿瘤87例,占同期全部心脏手术的1.7%.其中男性31例,女性56例,年龄15～73(49.2±6.9)岁.良性肿瘤83例,占95.4%,其中心脏黏液瘤81例;恶性肿瘤4例,占4.6%.结果 围术期死亡2例,死亡率2.3%.其余病例顺利恢复.术后54例心脏良性肿瘤患者得到随访,随访时间2个月～10年,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级(NYHA),无肿瘤复发病例.4例恶性肿瘤患者于术后1年内死亡.结论 原发性心脏肿瘤临床表现复杂多样,超声心动图对其诊断有特殊价值.一经诊断应首选手术摘除肿瘤.心脏良性肿瘤手术效果良好,恶性肿瘤预后差.     

心脏黏液瘤的诊断及手术治疗

目的 探讨心脏黏液瘤的临床诊断和手术方式、疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年5月-2009年8月收治的16例心脏黏液瘤患者的资料.总结超声心动图诊断及手术治疗资料.本组中经手术证实,左房黏液瘤13例;右房黏液瘤3例,均在常规体外循环下行黏液瘤摘除术.结果 16例手术患者围术期无死亡,随访6个月～3年,无复发.结论 超声心...     

心脏肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨23例心脏肿瘤临床特点,总结外科诊断和治疗的经验。方法自2002年6月至2009年12月手术治疗心脏肿瘤患者23例,其中心脏粘液瘤13例,原发性心脏恶性肿瘤4例,右心下腔静脉平滑肌瘤5例,肝癌右心房转移性癌栓1例。所有病例术前均查心脏彩超,怀疑恶性者行CT或核磁共振检查,除1例患者因右心房肿瘤广泛侵犯右房室环及心包而仅做活检外,其余22例均在全麻低温体外循环辅助下行肿瘤切除术。结果住院期间全组病例无死亡,13例黏液瘤患者平均随访2年无复发转移。5例心脏恶性肿瘤患者中除1例因患者无法联系外,余4例均在2年内死亡。右心下腔静脉平滑肌瘤患者中有1例于术后1.5年经MRI证实复发。结论原发性心脏良性肿瘤以黏液瘤多见,彻底切除肿瘤是防止复发的关键。心脏恶性肿瘤预后差,早期手术治疗并辅以综合治疗可望改善预后。     

经胸心脏超声检查诊断心脏黏液瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨经胸心脏超声检查诊断心脏黏液瘤的临床价值.方法 选取本院自2010年6月～2011年6月收治的42例心脏黏液瘤患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组42例患者经胸心脏超声检查诊断检查出37例患者为左房黏液瘤,5例患者为右房黏液瘤,42例患者均具有特征性超声表现.结论 给予心脏黏液瘤患者经胸心脏超声检查诊断具有很高的诊断价值,临床效果显著,值得推广和应用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.