BCG载体携带恶性疟MSP-1和MSP-2基因免疫小鼠实验研究

目的研究恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN株裂殖子表面蛋白-1（MSP-1）和表面蛋白-2（MSP-2）与BCG多价疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答的特性及抗感染的保护性免疫机制。方法将重组pBCG／MSP-1和pBCG／MSP-1—2多价疫苗经皮下注射BALB／c小鼠，经多价疫苗免疫8周后，用流式细胞仪分析脾脏T淋巴细胞的分化，并体外培养脾细胞，用夹心ELISA法测定IFN-γ和IL-2的产生；用血清学方法测定免疫鼠IgG抗体的动态变化，体外测定了抗体介导的抑制实验。结果与对照组相比，疫苗组CD^4＋和CD^8＋T淋巴细胞有显著性增高，体外培养的牌细胞IFN-γ有一个高浓度的分泌。同时，免疫鼠血清对疟原虫抗原都表现了一个较高水平的IgG类抗体反应，抗体对原虫的增殖产生明显抑制。结论恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN pBCG／MSP-1和pBCG／MSP-2价疫苗诱导了一个以细胞免疫为主的免疫应答类型。     

恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白-2 DNA疫苗诱导小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖

目的 探讨疟原虫FCC-1／HN株泉殖子表面蛋白-2(MSP-2)DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导免疫应答的特性及抗感染的保护性免疫机制。方法 将重组真核表达质粒PBK／MSP-2经骨骼肌注射BALB／c小鼠。小鼠经DNA疫苗免疫8周后，用流式细胞仪分析脾脏T淋巴细胞的分化，并体外培养脾脏细胞，用夹心ELISA法测定IFN-γ和IL-2的产生。结果 与对照组相比，疫苗组CD4^ CD8^ 淋巴细胞有显著性的增高，体外培养的脾脏细胞IFN-γ有高浓度的分泌。结论 恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN MSP-2 DNA疫苗诱导了一个TH1的免疫疫答类型。     

ESAT6抗原DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答

目的:构建结核杆菌ESAT6抗原DNA疫苗,并观察其在BALB/c小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答.方法:构建结核杆菌ESAT6抗原DNA疫苗pVAX-ESAT6,并将其肌肉注射免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠,用ELISA方法检测小鼠的血清抗体(IgG、IgG2a/IgG1)水平,并在体外用特异抗原刺激小鼠脾细胞,检测其分泌细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4)的水平;用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法测定小鼠细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应.结果:pVAX-ESAT6 DNA疫苗诱导了抗原特异的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,抗体亚型检测显示IgG2a与IgG1的比值为(2.28±0.4),脾细胞分泌的细胞因子水平检测显示IFN-γ的水平(360士45 Pg/ml)高于IL-4的水平(124±16 Pg/m).结论:成功地构建了pVAX-ESAT6 DNA疫苗,它能在小鼠中诱导抗原特异的免疫应答,应答类型以Th1型占优势.     

猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1 DNA疫苗和蛋白质疫苗联合诱导小鼠免疫应答

目的:观察cC1 DNA疫苗和蛋白质疫苗联合免疫对诱导BALB/c小鼠免疫应答的影响.方法:雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组:A组(DNA疫苗组), 质粒DNA以10 d间隔免疫3次;B组(联合免疫组),质粒DNA以10 d间隔免疫 2次后以GST-cC1融合蛋白加强免疫1次;C组(蛋白质疫苗组),分别在第0、3 周免疫接种融合蛋白;D组(pcDNA3对照组),以10 d间隔,3次免疫接种质粒pcDNA3.ELISA法检测血清样品中的特异性抗体水平以及实验小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-4水平,以MTT法行脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验.结果:C组可诱导相对较强的小鼠免疫应答,其特异性IgG和IgG1以及脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IL-4水平均高于其他各组(P<0.05),免疫的类型以Th2应答为主.B组诱导的特异性抗体水平和淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子水平均明显高于A组(P<0.05),B组和A组诱导的免疫应答类型均以Th1应答为主.结论:以 DNA priming-protein boost的策略可有效诱导较DNA疫苗单独使用更高的特异性抗体应答,且以Th1型免疫应答为主.     

恶性疟原虫FCC-1/HN株3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的序列测定

目的：对恶性疟原虫FCC-1/HN株的3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（GAPDH）基因进行序列测定。方法：恶性疟原虫FCC-1/HN株体外培养物提取总RNA和基因组DNA，从总RNA合成cDNA。分别用基因组DNA和cDNA作模板在体外用特异引物扩增GAPDH基因，并直接对其进行序列测定。结果：恶性疟 原虫GAPDH基因含一个约300bp的内含子，该基因的开放阅读框共1011bp,编码一个337氨基酸残基的蛋白质。结论：我国恶性疟原虫FCC-1/HN株的GAPDH基因序列与泰国K1株的GAPDH基因序列一致。     

恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株CSP基因表达产物免疫鼠体内抗原定位研究

目的：用恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株CSP基因表达产物免疫小鼠，观察其在宿主体内各组织的抗原分布情况。方法：提取目的基因PfCSP在HeLa细胞中的表达产物，免疫注射BALB／c小鼠。取免疫后4周及7周小鼠心脏、肝脏、脑、脾及肌肉，通过免疫酶组织化学法及间接免疫荧光法检测组织内的抗原。结果：免疫7周后的BALB／c小鼠肝脏组织枯否氏细胞内及肝细胞膜上可见棕黄色特异性抗原－抗体反应，而免疫鼠心、脑、肌肉未出现明显的阳性反应。结论：恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株CSP基因表达蛋白能被肝实质细胞特异性识别，其免疫后的抗原分布主要在肝脏。     

结核杆菌多价核酸疫苗的构建及其免疫原性的初步研究

目的构建包含结核杆菌3种抗原蛋白Ag85A、ESAT-6和CFP-10真核表达质粒的多价DNA疫苗,并对其在小鼠体内的免疫原性进行初步分析。方法PCR扩增获得结核杆菌ag85 a、esat-6和cfp-10基因片段,分别克隆入真核表达质粒VR1020的BamHⅠ位点构建DNA疫苗,以此多价DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测小鼠体内的特异性抗体应答和细胞免疫反应,并与BCG免疫组、质粒VR1020免疫组和生理盐水对照组相比较。结果多价DNA疫苗免疫小鼠后能产生特异性的细胞和体液免疫应答,DNA疫苗免疫组小鼠脾细胞IFN-γ的表达量显著高于BCG免疫组,而DNA疫苗免疫组小鼠所产生的特异性抗体水平低于BCG免疫组。结论成功构建了结核杆菌多价DNA疫苗,免疫小鼠后检测到特异性细胞和体液免疫应答。     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白MPT64的免疫学特性

目的:研究结核分枝杆菌(MTB)分泌蛋白MPT64的免疫学特性. 方法:用原核表达的MPT64蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测免疫小鼠的体液免疫应答效果. 分离免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞,体外用抗原再刺激,MTT方法检测IFN-γ产生水平和MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖,并对脾脏细菌负荷计数. 结果:MPT64免疫小鼠可引起体液免疫和保护性细胞免疫,免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞体外用抗原再刺激,淋巴细胞的增殖较显着. MTT方法检测小鼠的IFN-γ量为1024 ng/L,而生理盐水对照组低于80 ng/L. 结论:MPT64蛋白有可能作为新型结核疫苗的组分.     

恶性疟原虫FCCL/HN株CSP基因表达产物免疫鼠体内抗原定位研究

目的用恶性疟原虫FCC1/HN株CSP基因表达产物免疫小鼠,观察其在宿主体内各组织的抗原分布情况.方法提取目的基因PfCSP在HeLa细胞中的表达产物,免疫注射BALB/c小鼠.取免疫后4周及7周小鼠心脏、肝脏、脑、脾及肌肉,通过免疫酶组织化学法及间接免疫荧光法检测组织内的抗原.结果免疫7周后的BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织枯否氏细胞内及肝细胞膜上可见棕黄色特异性抗原-抗体反应,而免疫鼠心、脑、肌肉未出现明显的阳性反应.结论恶性疟原虫FCC1/HN株CSP基因表达蛋白能被肝实质细胞特异性识别,其免疫后的抗原分布主要在肝脏.     

泛素-结核抗原融合基因DNA疫苗诱导小鼠较强的细胞免疫应答

目的:构建结核杆菌ESAT6抗原DNA疫苗(pE)和泛素基因与ESAT6抗原基因融合的DNA疫苗(pUE).方法:分别将构建的DNA疫苗肌内注射免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠,检测小鼠的血清抗体(IgG、IgG1、IgG2a)、细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应(CTL),比较融合基因DNA疫苗和单基因DNA疫苗诱生免疫应答的强度.结果:pE组小鼠血清IgG水平高于pUE组(P＜0.01),但IgG2a/IgG1比值低于pUE组[(2.28±0.40) vs (3.87±0.60),P＜0.05].与pE组相比,pUE组小鼠IFN-γ分泌水平增高(P＜0.01),IL-4分泌水平下降(P＜0.01);pUE增强了CTL活性.提示融合基因DNA疫苗诱生的抗原特异的体液免疫应答不及单基因DNA疫苗,但其能诱导更强的细胞免疫应答.结论:泛素-ESAT6融合基因DNA疫苗对于防治结核病可能比单基因DNA疫苗更为有效.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.