单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形分类的研究

目的 建立单侧唇裂术后继发鼻咽形的分类方法。方法 观察５６例单侧唇裂术后患者外鼻石膏模型各标志点间距离,发现总结鼻畸形的特征;在术中观察鼻软骨间的相对位置关系。结果 将鼻畸形分成３度：Ⅰ度鼻畸形仅表现患侧鼻下１／３形态异常;Ⅱ主莅 健侧鼻下１／３形态受累;Ⅲ度伴鼻背偏斜。结论 此分类方法简单易行,可为临床修复鼻畸形选择手术方法提供依据。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的Ⅱ期整复

材料与方法1.自 1998年 8月至今作者在门诊手术室对 32例单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形患者进行Ⅱ期整复 ,其中男 14例 ,女 18例。年龄 13～ 2 9岁 ,平均 16岁。 15例术前曾行齿槽裂植骨修复术 ,2例曾行双重牙列修复术。图 1　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切口　　图 2　经患侧鼻翼基底的类“Ｙ”型切口　　 2 .手术方法2 .1　双侧眶下神经阻滞麻醉及鼻部浸润麻醉。2 .2　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切开患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚 ,于鼻小柱与上唇皮肤交界处作一横切口 ,继沿鼻小柱两侧鼻孔内缘作隐蔽切口 ,健侧至鼻翼软骨内外侧脚交界处 ,患侧再向外延伸约 2～ 3…     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复

单侧唇裂患者修复之后,常因术后遗鼻部畸形而再次要求手术治疗。鉴于目前对于鼻畸形的矫正方法很多,但尚无一种手术方法能得到满意的治疗效果。我们自1991年以来,依据产生鼻畸形解剖因素和唇裂鼻畸形主要特征,应用自体耳甲软骨游离移植行唇裂术后鼻畸形矫治53例,其中32例经0.5年～1年随诊效果良好。     

单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复方法的探讨

目的：对38例单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形患者实施整复治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,以寻求成熟且效果肯定的手术方式。方法：以38例单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,男21例,女17例,年龄17～34岁,平均20．8岁。针对不同的畸形程度,采用悬吊或充填患侧鼻翼,纠正塌陷畸形；对严重的鼻中隔软骨偏斜患者,通过手术矫正不对称畸形和改善鼻通气,并以生物材料或软组织充填鼻翼基底,弥补患侧上颌骨发育不足；解剖复位鼻唇肌,以保持两侧肌张力的均衡。术后制作塑料鼻塞,保持2～3个月。结果：术后38例患者的鼻畸形均得到不同程度的改善,随访27例(71．05%),随访时间3个月～1a,5例患者有复发倾向；11例植入生物材料的患者,均未发生材料的排异反应。结论：单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的病因复杂,可通过对骨、鼻软骨、鼻唇组织等多方面的矫正,有效地改善畸形；而鼻唇肌的复位,对防治术后复发十分重要。     

单侧唇裂术后鼻部畸形的矫正

单侧唇裂患者往往在婴幼儿期即行唇裂整复,但随着其生长发育,唇部、鼻部会相继出现新畸形。在以往的情况下,常常是唇部畸形矫正后,才对十分明显的鼻部畸形进行矫正,而对鼻部畸形普遍仅给予鼻翼畸形的矫正。作者于1997年起对单侧唇裂术后畸形伴有鼻部畸形者采取唇部和鼻部同时矫正,共行此手术50例,现总结报道如下:1　临床资料50例均为女性,年龄18～25岁。除唇部继发畸形外,鼻部畸形情况有3种:鼻背低平或鼻背轮廓不明显、鼻翼下塌、鼻尖点过低。2　材料与方法2.1　材料华西医科大学研制,龙马工厂生产的2040型羟基磷灰石。2.2　方法2.2.1　全部…     

自体软骨移植联合鼻唇肌复位术矫治单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形

目的探讨自体鼻中隔软骨与耳软骨联合移植同时行鼻唇肌复位术在单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形矫正中的疗效。方法将松解移位的鼻翼软骨悬吊复位至正常解剖位置,切取自体鼻中隔软骨修整成形后植入鼻翼软骨两内侧脚间,耳软骨植入充填患侧鼻翼,同期行鼻唇肌复位术,重建鼻软骨肌肉环,修复鼻部畸形。结果 26例鼻畸形患者术后不同程度改善,随访2～9个月,鼻外形美观,效果满意。结论应用自体鼻中隔及耳软骨移植重建鼻软骨支架同时行鼻唇肌复位术能有效矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成机制研究进展

<正>单侧唇裂患者常常合并或轻或重的鼻畸形,但 鼻畸形的发病机制还未完全阐明,现对其研究进展 作一综述。 1 单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的胚胎学机制 传统的胚胎学认为在胚胎发育期,间质细胞大 量增生、分化形成前鼻突、侧鼻突和中鼻突,相互融 合构成面中部结构。Carstens的面中部胚胎发育 区域理论则把胚胎发生期内中线结构(鼻小柱、人 中、前颌、鼻中隔、梨骨、筛骨)看作是由成对的A区 向近中漂移、融合而来。单侧唇裂位点位于A、B区 交界面,中鼻突、侧鼻突即C、D区的融合程度决定 了裂隙的最终形态。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形张力平衡的重建

目的：探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形两侧张力平衡重建的手术方法及临床意义。方法：通过健侧降鼻中隔肌的处理及＂C＂形鼻中隔的纠正,重建鼻小柱两侧的肌张力及软骨弹性张力平衡;将鼻翼软骨外侧脚充分游离,解除鼻翼软骨周边组织的病理影响;用三点缝合二点高位悬吊法重塑外鼻下端软骨支架结构;最后施鼻翼外侧脚软组织的移位。结果：32例患者鼻下端形态恢复满意、持久。结论：用重建鼻下端两侧组织张力平衡的手术方法整复单侧唇裂继发鼻下端畸形,可获得可靠的治疗效果。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术矫正

目的 分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形产生机制,采用相应手术方法对不同年龄患者进行矫正治疗,探讨单侧唇裂鼻畸形手术效果的影响因素.方法 对患侧鼻翼软骨充分松解后与健侧鼻软骨缝合悬吊固定,在同侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶处采用"Z"成形术,在鼻小柱基部及患侧鼻翼外侧基部的皮下及肌层悬吊固定.纠正鼻翼塌陷、鼻尖过低、鼻小柱偏斜等畸形.结果 56例患者中,鼻翼塌陷矫正满意者占80%,基本满意占18%;鼻尖高度改善满意占78%,基本满意占18%;鼻孔形态对称性及宽度满意占46%,基本满意占44%.总体满意度为94.6%.结论 唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正时对患侧鼻翼软骨的充分松解游离是关键环节,患侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶不仅影响鼻部形态甚至通气功能,还可能使鼻畸形的表现更显突出,因而对鼻前庭黏膜皱褶的矫正也是十分重要的,尤其在矫正患侧鼻翼塌陷畸形方面有明显辅助作用.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯补片在唇裂术后鼻畸形矫正术中的应用

目的:探索理想的唇裂术后鼻畸形矫正方法.方法:用膨体聚四氟乙烯补片加强患侧鼻翼软骨强度的方法对120例唇裂术后鼻畸形患者行鼻畸形矫正术.结果:120 例患者鼻翼塌陷畸形均得到明显改善,76例随访患者伤口愈合良好,无一例发生排异反应.结论:膨体聚四氟乙烯补片是一种理想的植入材料,运用这种材料可以使唇裂术后鼻畸形矫正达到满意的效果.     

Application of nasal clip in the one-stage repair of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

目的 探讨鼻夹在单侧唇裂鼻畸形一期整复术后的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1月—2018年6月在四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科行单侧唇裂鼻畸形一期整复术的患者60例,分为鼻夹组、鼻模组和对照组。3组患者均在术后6~12个月复诊,并对鼻外形进行评价。结果 鼻夹组患者的鼻外形发育及美学效果较对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 鼻夹对于唇裂鼻畸形患者矫正术后鼻外形的改善有良好的效果,而且鼻夹操作简单,患者依从性较好,值得临床推广使用。     

Quantitative analysis of aesthetic outcomes of morphofunctional septorhinoplasty for secondary cleft lip nasal deformity

The main aim of this study was to assess nasal symmetry after morphofunctional septorhinoplasty, more specifically, symmetry of the alar base and nostrils, and nasal projection, in patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft nasal deformities. Secondary cleft rhinoplasty was performed using morphofunctional septorhinoplasty techniques in 150 patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and nose deformities. Nasal changes were analysed by measuring nasal tip projection, nostril height, nostril width, alar base width, and nasal gap area preoperatively and postoperatively on standard submentovertex view 2-dimensional photographs. In the unilateral cleft group there were statistically significant improvements (p<0.001) in ratios of nasal height and width (p=0.024) and nasal gap area, and in nasal tip projection and alar base width. In the bilateral cleft group there were statistically significant improvements in nasal gap area ratio (p=0.009), nasal tip projection, and alar base width. The morphofunctional septorhinoplasty technique improved aesthetic outcomes.     

中国人唇裂鼻畸形整复的思路与术式设计

唇裂鼻畸形的整复是唇腭裂序列治疗的难点之一,其矫治原理与技术方法多源于西方学者的观点和技术。本文通过对中国人和西方人的典型鼻形态进行观察,寻找二者的差异,在此基础上提出了对中国唇裂鼻畸形患者有针对性的整复理论与方法,希望以此加深对唇裂鼻畸形特点的认识,促进我国唇裂鼻畸形整复方法的改进。     

Single-stage repair of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformity in adults

Correction of cleft lip-nose deformity in adult patients is different from that in children. One-stage correction has proved to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft-lip nose deformity. This study aimed to explore a particular single-stage method and evaluate the effect of simultaneous reparation of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.Cleft lip patients who had previously undergone nasolabial surgery with residual poor nasal/lip appearance were included. The alveolar bone defect was repaired with granular costal cortical bone. Lip revision and rhinoplasty were performed using diced costal cartilage. The lip, nose, and alveolar deformities were corrected in one stage.From 2011 to 2017, 53 cases were treated. The vermilion discrepancy was corrected in all cases. Fifty-one patients were successfully treated, with primary healing in the bony recipient area. Cancellous bone exposure occurred in two cases. The wounds were healed after debridement and drainage. Appearances were improved in all patients. The mean change in columella–labial angle ranged from 82.50 to 92.78° (p < 0.001).This one-stage correction appears to have led to a distinct improvement in the nasal tip projection and lip. The method is considered to be effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.     

双侧唇裂术后唇鼻畸形的美容整形术

目的 :探讨双侧唇裂继发畸形美容整形术的技术改进。方法 :采用两侧红唇上缘的小三角瓣插入到原人中的下方来延长上唇 ,及利用 2种方案修复鼻畸形。结果 :双侧唇裂术后唇鼻畸形Ⅱ期美容整形术12例均取得了比较明显的手术效果。结论 :此方法在唇峰重建、唇珠再造、人中凹形成及唇鼻畸形的矫正方面有比较独特的效果     

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Park等[1]在行二期唇裂鼻畸形整复术时,发现患侧鼻翼软骨有着正常同样的大小和厚度,只是附着和形状发生了异常。基于这一发现,鼻软骨畸形被认为是源于唇裂形成后产生的异常肌肉应力的分布,而不是由于原发的软骨畸形。     

Simultaneous reconstruction of columella and philtrum using prolabial flap combined with Abbe flap in secondary bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity

Open rhinoplasty and Abbe flap techniques are traditionally useful tools for the reconstruction of secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal (BCLN) deformity. We aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of simultaneous columella and philtrum reconstruction using prolabial flap combined with Abbe flap in secondary BCLN deformity.From January 2009 to July 2014, 26 patients (17 males and 9 females; mean age 21 years) with secondary BCLN deformity were recruited. All patients had severe short columella and philtrum deficiency. The whole superiorly based prolabial flap was harvested and trimmed for columella reconstruction. An Abbe flap from the central lower lip was elevated to reconstruct the esthetic philtral unit. No flap necrosis occurred postoperatively. The average follow-up was 2.7 years. The columella length was 4.7 ± 1.3 mm preoperatively and 10.4 ± 2.1 mm postoperatively. The philtrum length increased to 14.4 ± 2.6 mm postoperatively from a preoperative 8.9 ± 2.4 mm. Regarding the overall impression of the reconstruction, 22 patients ranked it as very good or good.In secondary BCLN deformity, the prolabial flap combined with Abbe flap technique is an effective alternative for the treatment of severe short columella complicated with severe philtrum deficiency.