以颧蝶缝为标志复位联合可吸收接骨板固定治疗颧骨骨折探讨

目的：探讨以颧蝶缝为复位标准联合应用可吸收接骨板治疗颧骨骨折的效果。方法：选择2005年6月至2008年6月间收治的单侧颧骨骨折移位明显不能保守治疗的患者30例,采用以颧蝶缝为标准复位和可吸收接骨板坚强内固定的方法,术后4周-2年比较面型恢复程度和颌面三维CT重建观察颧骨颧弓的对称性。结果：30例以颧蝶缝为标准复位的患者术后均获得满意的面型,CT片示颧骨颧弓对称,骨折段无移位。结论：颧骨骨折手术复位时,以颧蝶缝为标准,结合颧骨各突骨折的对位线可使颧骨准确复位,术中采用可吸收接骨板坚强固定可满足颧骨骨折固定的强度要求,是一种较好的可行的方法。     

以颧蝶缝为标准复位颧骨骨折

目的　比较以颧蝶缝为标准和采用常规方法复位颧骨骨折的效果。方法　选择Zingg分类的B型和 C型骨折55例,分别采用以颧蝶缝复位和常规方法复位,术后比较面型恢复程度和X线片上颧骨颧弓的对称性。结果　36例以颧蝶缝为标准复位的患者术后均获得满意的面型,19例常规方法复位的患者有5例术后面型及X线片颧骨颧弓不对称。结论　颧骨骨折手术复位时,以颧蝶缝为标准,结合颧骨各突起骨折的对位对线可使颧骨准确复位,从而恢复正常的面型。     

眉侧入路颧蝶缝复位在颧骨复合体骨折中的应用

目的:探讨经眉侧切口颧蝶缝复位在颧骨复合体骨折中的应用价值.方法:选择Zingg分类的B型和C型骨折26例,采用眉侧切口、睫下切口、口内前庭沟切口显露额颧缝、颧蝶缝、眶下缘、颧颌缝和颧颚缝,以颧蝶缝复位为标准,精确复位后,用微型钛板对额颧支柱、眶下缘、颧上颌支柱行坚强内固定.术后随访3～24个月,对其疗效进行评价.结果:26例患者伤口均一期愈合.局部无明显瘢痕,21例B型骨折和2例C型骨折外形和功能恢复良好,X线观察达到解剖复位,3例C型骨折术后面部轻度不对称.结论:眉侧切口颧蝶缝复位整复颧骨复合体骨折并行坚强内固定,创伤小,面神经功能无损伤,外形和功能恢复良好,值得推广.     

近中骨折端稳定的颧骨、颧弓骨折的简略复位固定技术

目的 颧骨、颧弓骨折通常需要冠状切口、下睑切口和口内切口进路,逐一进行裂开骨折段的复位固定。本文旨在探索一种简便而可靠的修复方法。方法 针对颧骨、颧弓骨折其内侧相邻的上颌骨结构稳定、颧骨的近中骨折端移位不明显的6例患者,采取半冠状切口,按顺序复位固定的方法,由后向前做颧弓骨折段的复位固定,核查眶外壁颧额缝和颧蝶缝的衔接无误,最后完成颧额缝处骨折的固定。不需做下眼睑、口内切口以及眶下缘颧上颌缝的固定和口内颧牙槽嵴的骨折固定。结果 本组6例病例均顺利完成骨折复位与固定。术后CT扫描显示各个骨折断端,包括上颌窦后外壁、眶外壁等,都获得精确的解剖复位和牢固固定。两侧面部宽度和颧骨突度基本对称,面形恢复满意。开、闭口功能正常。未发生颞下颌关节损伤、视力损害及面神经额支损伤。结论 应用近中骨折端稳定的颧骨骨折的简略复位固定技术,可恢复颧骨、颧弓的解剖位置。     

颧蝶缝复位在颧骨骨折治疗中的意义

目的 提出一种颧骨复位时的参照标准。方法 选择采用经头皮冠状切口手术的Zingg分类的B型和C型骨折36例，术中先将颧蝶缝复位，再将其它骨折线复位、固定。术后随访4周-3个月，观察面型恢复程度和X线上颧骨、颧弓的对称性。结果 病人术后均获得满意的面型，X线观察有35例达到准确的解剖复位，仅有1例骨折连续性稍差。结论 颧骨骨折手术复位时，将颧蝶缝复位，结合颧骨各突起骨折的对位对线，可以使颧骨准确复位，从而恢复正常的面型。     

颧蝶缝在颧骨骨折复位中的作用

目的:探讨以颧蝶缝作为术中颧骨骨折复位标准的可靠性和临床效果.方法:对2004-12～2007-12在我院就诊、以颧蝶缝为复位标准的66 例资料完整的颧骨骨折病例进行回顾性分析.结果:66 例中有男性45 例,女性21 例,年龄17～59 岁,平均37.5岁;术后初期(1 月之内)66 例患者均取得了满意的面型.随访6～72 个月,平均22 个月.在66 例患者中得到随访的有62 例(93.9%),失访的有4 例(6.1%).按四级评定,治疗效果I级20 例(占32.3%);Ⅱ级40 例(占64.5%);Ⅲ级1 例(占1.6%);IV级1 例(占1.6%).在Ⅲ和IV级2 例患者中,X线检查1 例为眶外缘与颧弓连线形成的弧度较对侧变小,而颧上颌突与颧弓下缘连线形成的弧度变大;1 例眶外缘外侧的颞部塌陷,颧弓处扁平,颧骨发生外转移位.2 例患者行CT扫描显示颧蝶缝处仍有错位.结论:颧骨骨折手术复位时,以颧蝶缝为复位标准,在此基础上再复位其他骨折断端,可获得较精准的解剖复位,从而恢复患者三维立体的正常面型.     

半冠状切口联合前庭沟切口治疗单侧颧骨复合体骨折的临床分析

目的探讨治疗单侧颧骨复合体骨折的有效方法及并发症。方法对46例单侧颧骨复合体骨折的患者行冠状切口联合前庭沟切口,暴露眶下缘、颧额缝、颧颞缝以及颧牙槽嵴,复位后在颧额缝、颧颞缝及颧牙槽嵴3点行坚强内固定,术后随访1~30个月,对其疗效以及并发症进行评价。结果所有患者术后骨折一期愈合,面部外形以及张口度得到恢复,未有严重并发症发生。结论冠状切口联合前庭沟切口能充分暴露颧骨复合体骨折,三点固定能有效恢复面部三维结构以及张口度,避免睑下缘切口的并发症。     

口内切开复位口外穿刺内固定法治疗颌骨及颧弓骨折的临床疗效观察

目的　观察口内切开复位、口外穿刺内固定法治疗下颌骨及颧弓骨折的效果。方法　应用口内切开复位、口外穿刺内固定法治疗33例下颌角、下颌骨升支、颧弓骨折患者,并与口外切开复位内固定治疗下颌骨骨折4 0例作对比。结果　33例患者中2 9例咬合关系恢复正常,2例颧弓骨折患者面型、开口度恢复正常,面神经功能正常,骨折愈合良好,面部无手术瘢痕与口外切开复位内固定治疗的4 0例患者相比,咬合关系的恢复,X线片观察断端对位、对线差异无显著性,面瘫发生率差异有显著性。结论　口内切开复位、口外穿刺内固定治疗下颌角、下颌骨升支、颧骨骨折效果可靠,并可避免损伤面神经及面部遗留瘢痕。     

面部骨折治疗进展与治疗方法的选择(四)

<正> 颧骨体本身一般较少发生骨折,较大的暴力打击除外。一般指的颧骨体骨折系指颧骨体与颅骨、面骨的骨联接缝的分离。此型骨折多伴有明显的移位,必须采用手术复位固定。可因伤部和伤型不同,选用不同方法,可选择的手术进路有二种。 1.口外复位法:计有颞部切开复位法,适用于颧骨骨折轻度内移位,此为目前普遍采用的一种;眉弓切开复位法,适用于颧骨体移位较大者;眶下缘骨钉法,适用于颧骨体不稳定转位骨析,而眶下缘无粉碎骨折者,开放复位颧额缝骨缘钢丝结扎,并加辅助固定,适用于颧骨骨折伴有移位或眶底碎片型骨折时,除颧额缝骨缘固定外,上颌窦内用Foley氏导管作辅助固定。亦有主张切开复位后,外加斯氏针内固定;三脚钩牵引复位法,适用于颧骨多处骨折,伴有复视     

坚强内固定在颧骨骨折治疗中的应用

目的 采用坚强内固定技术治疗颧骨骨折，使颧骨骨折病人有效恢复面部外形及功能。方法 本组16例颧骨及复合骨折的病人，对开放性的颧骨骨折采用软组织开放创口手术进路，闭合性骨折采用口内前庭沟黏膜切口、眉弓外三分之一切口联合睑缘下切口，充分暴露骨折线，使颧骨各断端达到解剖复位。选用适合的微型钛板在颧牙槽嵴、颧额缝及眶下缘处行坚强内固定。结果 本组16例病人15例一期愈合，经3—6个月复查，外形及功能恢复良好。1例开放骨折的病人，术后伤口感染，经治疗伤口二期愈合；另1例并发颧弓骨折的病人，术后轻度张口受限。结论 采用坚强内固定技术治疗颧骨骨折，可以有效地恢复病人的外形及口腔功能。     

经颞部小切口行老年患者颧弓骨折复位的临床体会（附50例临床分析）

目的：探讨颧弓骨折复位的最佳入路。方法：50例老年患者均采用经颞部小切口入路行颧弓骨折复位,并对50例患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果：达解剖复位者48例,占96％;达功能复位者2例,占4％。结论：经颞部小切口入路创伤小,术后恢复快,面部不留瘢痕,是老年患者颧弓骨折理想的手术入路。     

经颞部小切口行老年患者颧弓骨折复位的临床体会（附50例临床分析）

目的：探讨颧弓骨折复位的最佳入路。方法：50例老年患者均采用经颞部小切口入路行颧弓骨折复位,并对50例患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果：达解剖复位者48例,占96％;达功能复位者2例,占4％。结论：经颞部小切口入路创伤小,术后恢复快,面部不留瘢痕,是老年患者颧弓骨折理想的手术入路。     

应用穿颊器口内入路微创治疗下颌骨角和升支骨折

目的:观察口内和穿颊的手术入路处理下颌骨角部和升支骨折,并用小钛板坚强内固定的疗效。方法:对2004-01~2005-07间18例连续的下颌骨角部和升支骨折患者,用穿颊器经过颊部小切口联合口内切口复位内固定。随机选取同时期的另外20例同类型骨折患者,仍按照传统口外入路行手术切开复位内固定,2组间进行对比。结果:用口内和穿颊入路患者中有1例内固定术后骨折处仍有小幅动度,还需辅以颌间固定;口外入路行内固定手术的患者中有2例需行术后颌间固定。没有术后感染发生,没有出现需要行切开引流或需取出固定物的病例。结论:通过口内和穿颊入路行坚强内固定适用于不伴有严重错位或粉碎性骨折的下颌骨角部和升支部骨折的病例。     

Intraoral open reduction with rigid internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fractures

Open reduction of subcondylar fractures achieves precise anatomic alignment of bony fragments and may prevent the postoperative sequelae seen with some closed reductions. Using an extraoral approach, a fracture can be easily seen and manipulated. An intraoral approach avoids large facial scars, facial nerve injury, and allows visualization of the occlusion during the procedure. Cases for this technique should be carefully selected.     

基于生物力学分析的分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位

目的 探讨分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位的临床效果。方法 利用口颌系统姿态肌链平衡理论对颞下颌关节复位过程进行生物力学分析,改进复位手法;运用分侧口内外联合法治疗87例颞下颌关节前脱位患者,对临床效果进行评价。结果 分侧口内外联合法可有效避免升颌肌群反射性收缩,提高复位效率;87例患者均成功复位,术程用力轻巧高效,髁突下降指征明确,患者并发症少。结论 分侧口内外联合法是一种高效、便捷、微创的颞下颌关节前脱位复位方法,在临床上有一定的推广应用价值。     

基于生物力学分析的分侧口内外联合法 治疗颞下颌关节前脱位

目的 探讨分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位的临床效果。方法 利用口颌系统姿态肌链平衡理论对颞下颌关节复位过程进行生物力学分析,改进复位手法;运用分侧口内外联合法治疗87例颞下颌关节前脱位患者,对临床效果进行评价。结果 分侧口内外联合法可有效避免升颌肌群反射性收缩,提高复位效率;87例患者均成功复位,术程用力轻巧高效,髁突下降指征明确,患者并发症少。结论 分侧口内外联合法是一种高效、便捷、微创的颞下颌关节前脱位复位方法,在临床上有一定的推广应用价值。     

Surgical treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle: a comparison of long-term results following different approaches - functional, axiographical, and radiological findings.

AIM: While functionally stable osteosynthesis is a generally accepted method to treat all dislocated fractures of the skull, open reduction and rigid fixation of fractures of the mandibular condyle are still controversial. The risks involved in the surgical approaches and the difficulties during reposition are the main controversies. Improvements made in surgical access and osteosynthesis materials as well as the development of special instruments were the reasons for re-evaluating the surgical results. METHODS: Forty patients with displaced or dislocated fractures of the mandibular condyle were re-examined. In 20 patients (21 fractures) an intraoral approach, in 20 more patients (24 fractures) an extraoral perimandibular approach was applied. The results were compared by means of axiography and radiology as well as clinically with regard to function 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: While almost all fractures were correctly reduced following application of an extraoral access, reduction was correct in only 50% of the patients treated with an intraoral approach. Re-displacement and complications during osteosynthesis were the reasons. The group of patients treated via the intraoral approach showed less favourable results radiologically, clinically, and as judged by the patients' subjective feelings. Especially axiographical examination of the latter fractures revealed a restricted translation indicating that the fractures had not healed primarily. CONCLUSION: In order to avoid complications, the only fractures which should be treated intraorally are those which allow exact reduction even under the conditions of a limited view and reduced possibilities of surgical manipulation during reduction. This applies in general to fractures of the mandibular condyle with a laterally displaced condyle and a shortened ascending ramus. For all other dislocated or displaced fractures, extraoral reduction and osteosynthesis are the methods of choice.     

A Prospective Study on Management of Mandibular Angle Fracture

Purpose

To evaluate the results of management of mandibular angle fracture by open reduction and internal fixation using single non compression miniplate via transbuccal, intraoral or extraoral approaches.

Patients and Methods

In this prospective study, 30 patients were randomly selected regardless of age, sex requiring open reduction and internal fixation of non comminuted angle fracture with/or without other associated fractures of the mandible. All the patients were operated under general anaesthesia following routine haematological, biochemical, general physical examination and routine radiographic examination. Patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups namely: (1) intraoral, (2) transbuccal, and (3) extraoral groups depending on the surgical approach used for open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of the angle of mandible. In the intraoral group (12 patients), angle fracture was approached through the intraoral vestibular incision similar to sagittal split incision. In the transbuccal group (8 patients), angle fracture was approached through the intraoral vestibular incision and transbuccal stab incision for screw fixation via trochar. In the extraoral group (10 patients), angle fracture was approached through the Risdon’s submandibular incision. In all the patients, fractures were reduced with upper and lower Erich’s arch bar fixation as means for IMF intraoperatively. In all the patients, fracture of the angle of the mandible was fixed with single non compression 2.5 mm, 4 holed with gap stainless steel miniplate and 6/8 mm monocortical screws. All patients were followed up for minimum of 6 months to maximum of 24 months.

Results

Complications were relatively minor such as paresthesia (on average 26.7 % first post-operative day which was gradually improved and on average after 1 month was 3.3 %), mild to moderate occlusal discrepancies (on average 36.7 %) which needed the post-operative intermaxillary fixation with elastics for 1–2 weeks, infection (20 % on average) was mild to moderate which was managed with antibiotic therapy and/or incision and drainage except in one case, plate removal was done under general anaesthesia (extraoral group) because of recurrent infection. Post-operative pain was mild to moderate (mean VAS score pre operative–6.17, post-operative 1 week–1.63) which was managed with analgesics. Mouth opening was recorded in all patients which was on average 20.98 mm preoperatively which improved to 40.57 mm after 1 month.

Conclusion

The use of a single non compression miniplate for fractures of the angle of the mandible is a simple, reliable technique with relatively rare major complications and few minor complications irrespective of the surgical approach used for the open reduction.     

The clinical and radiographical characteristics of zygomatic complex fractures: A comparison between the surgically and non-surgically treated patients

BackgroundIn this retrospective study we evaluated the epidemiological data and the clinical and radiographical differences between surgically and non-surgically treated patients with zygomatic complex fractures at their initial assessment in our clinic over a period of 5 years. More knowledge of the clinical similarities and/or differences between the non-surgical and the surgical group will provide us a more complete view and may help physicians to develop any future methods in clinical decision making or even methods in distinguishing patients benefiting from a surgical treatment.MethodsSurgically and non-surgically treated patients were included in the study, if clinical and radiographical confirmation of zygomatic complex fractures were present at initial assessment. The patient groups were divided into surgically treated zygomatic complex fractures, and non-surgically treated fractures, with and without displacement. The groups were compared according to age, gender, degree of fracture displacement and clinical signs.ResultsIn total 283 patients were diagnosed with zygomatic complex fractures, with a mean age of 43 years (±20 years) and a domination of male patients. The mean age was higher in the non-surgically treated group and contained more female patients. Overall type C fractures and the majority of the type B fractures were treated surgically. Only 2.1% of the type A fractures were treated surgically. Overall facial swelling and paraesthesia of the infraorbital nerve were found as most common clinical findings. Additionally, malar depression and extraoral steps were frequently found in the surgically treated group, as in the non-surgically treated group only facial swelling was found frequently, whether there was fracture displacement or not. The clinical characteristics 'extraoral steps', 'intraoral steps', and 'malar depression' were found to be significantly related to surgical treatment.ConclusionExtraoral steps, intraoral steps, and malar depression were significantly related to surgical treatment. The group of non-surgically treated zygomatic complex fractures is a valuable group to investigate as this group also consists of patients with displaced fractures (i.e. surgical indication) and thus, could provide us more insight in future clinical decision methods. Therefore, we highly recommend more research of the non-surgically treated group.