微创拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙方法分析

目的: 应用牵引拔牙、截冠和超声骨刀微创拔牙技术拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙,观察术后产生下唇麻木等并发症的发生情况。方法: 选择60例全景片和锥形束CT（CBCT）显示下颌第三磨牙牙根压迫下牙槽神经的患者,分别采用3种方法拔牙各20例,术后检查下唇麻木情况。结果: 应用牵引拔牙技术和截冠方法拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙,术后无人发生下唇麻木,而应用超声骨刀微创拔牙的患者中有1例出现轻微的下唇麻木症状,经用药1个月后好转。结论: 牵引拔牙技术、截冠和超声骨刀3种方法均可有效避免智牙拔除后下唇麻木的并发症。     

微创牵引辅助拔除近中阻生下颌第三磨牙1例报告

近中阻生下颌第三磨牙拔除是口腔外科常见手术。中、低位近中阻生的第三磨牙牙根与牙根位置常与下牙槽神经(inferior alveolar nerve, IAN)关系密切,由于近中邻牙的阻力,拔除时创伤较大,易造成第二磨牙损伤及神经损伤。本文报告1例牙根压迫下牙槽神经的近中阻生下颌第三磨牙患者,采用微创正畸牵引法,直立患牙,牵引完成后顺利拔除。     

冠根分次去除法在疑或累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三阻生磨牙拔除术中的应用

目的:评价应用截冠法分次拔除紧贴下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙的效果。方法:对10例术前全景片及CT均显示牙根紧贴或接触下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙患者采用截冠留根法,于釉-牙骨质界去除阻力牙冠,包埋牙根于牙槽骨内;术后观察,待牙根移动远离下牙槽神经后再行拔除术。结果:10例患者术后反应轻微,均无下牙槽神经损伤,无感染情况出现;仅1例牙根未能上移至远离下牙槽神经的位置,留根于牙槽骨内,牙龈创面愈合,随访1年无不适。结论:根尖紧贴或接触下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙,经截冠留根术后,断根有上移萌出趋势,可远离下牙槽神经管,后期拔除断根,可明显降低下牙槽神经损伤的风险。     

微种植钉牵引水平阻生下颌第三磨牙后拔除1例

水平低位阻生下颌第三磨牙常与下牙槽神经毗邻,直接拔除创伤较大,易出现各种并发症,最严重的就是下牙槽神经损伤.该文报告1例接触下颌神经管的低位水平阻生第三磨牙通过微种植钉牵引,使其远离下颌神经管后顺利拔除.     

以下颌神经管为参照的下颌阻生第三磨牙的分类及临床意义

目的：以下颌神经管为参照,探讨与下颌神经管(inferior alveolar canal,IAC)相交的下颌阻生第三磨牙(impacted mandibular third molars,IMTMs)的阻生类型,并观察手术拔除阻生牙后下牙槽神经损伤与阻生类型间的关系。方法：对锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)确诊为下颌阻生第三磨牙与下颌神经管接触或相交的378例患者共658侧阻生牙,以下颌神经管为参照,将阻生牙分为4类：Ⅰ类位于神经管的上方,Ⅱ类位于神经管的颊侧,Ⅲ类位于神经管的舌侧,Ⅳ类下颌神经管位于牙根之间。所有病例均采用手术拔除,术后观察容易引起下牙槽神经损伤的阻生类型,统计各种类型神经损伤的例数,应用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行χ²检验。结果：阻生牙拔除后,下牙槽神经损伤率为6.8%(45/658)。其中,第Ⅰ类15例(15/332)发生下唇麻木、第Ⅱ类19例 (19/108) 发生下唇麻木、第Ⅲ类11例(11/210)发生下唇麻木,第IV类未发生下唇麻木(0/8)。统计学分析显示,阻生牙拔除后,第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类、第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类下牙槽神经损伤率有显著差异(P<0.01),第Ⅰ类和第Ⅲ类之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论：以下颌神经管为参照,CBCT冠状位可将下颌阻生第三磨牙与下颌神经管相交的患者分为4类,手术拔除过程中均有损伤下牙槽神经的危险,尤其是位于下颌神经管颊侧的阻生牙。     

正畸牵引法辅助拔除接触下牙槽神经管的埋伏阻生牙1例报告

阻生下颌第三磨牙拔除是口腔颌面外科的一种常见手术.由于低位阻生的下颌第三磨牙牙根位置常与下牙槽神经(inferior alveolar nerve,IAN)关系密切,神经损伤是该手术的严重并发症之一.目前,国际上主要有3种避免IAN损伤的方法:截冠法、部分牙冠切除术和正畸牵引法.本文报告1例下颌第三磨牙近中斜位低位阻生的患者,采用改良正畸牵引法,分两步将牙根牵离神经管,牵引完成后顺利拔除患牙.     

CBCT在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术前风险评估中的应用

目的：运用CBCT评估下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中下牙槽神经损伤的手术风险,并指导拔牙手术径路选择。方法：对曲面体层片显示下颌第三磨牙根端与下颌神经管接触重叠,评估下牙槽神经易损伤病例42例,65侧下颌阻生第三磨牙,进行CBCT检查。两组医师（每组口腔外科医师和颌面影像科医师各1名）分别根据曲面体层片和CBCT图像评估拔除下颌第三磨牙时下牙槽神经损伤的风险程度并进行手术设计,应用x2检验两种影像评测结果之间的差异度。结果：评估拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙时出现下牙槽神经损伤的可能性经曲面体层片和CBCT对比研究差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．001）。与曲面体层片相比,CBCT为临床医师提供了阻生磨牙与下颌神经管之间三维影像的空间距离,有效辅助了牙拔除手术方式的设计（P＜0．001）。结论：拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙可能造成下牙槽神经损伤的评估中,与曲面体层片相比,CBCT可以更好地评估手术风险,能指导术者帮助选择更恰当的术式。     

累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法研究进展

 累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙传统拔除方法常会引起以下牙槽神经损伤为主的并发症,为此有众多学者提出新的拔除方法,如截冠法、正畸牵引辅助及冠周去骨法等,以减少下牙槽神经损伤的发生。文章就累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法的原理、适应证、操作注意事项及优缺点等做一综述。     

累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法研究进展

累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙传统拔除方法常会引起以下牙槽神经损伤为主的并发症，为此有众多学者提出新的拔除方法，如截冠法、正畸牵引辅助及冠周去骨法等，以减少下牙槽神经损伤的发生。文章就累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法的原理、适应证、操作注意事项及优缺点等做一综述。     

涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法在下颌阻生智齿拔除术中下牙槽神经损伤情况的比较

目的 对涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法在下颌阻生智齿拔除术中下牙槽神经损伤的情况进行比较.方法 选取120例双侧下颌智齿阻生状态相近的患者,分别采用涡轮手机法与传统劈凿法对同一患者两侧智齿分期拔除,术后3天复诊时记录有无下牙槽神经损伤,并将两组间结果差异进行统计学分析.结果 涡轮手机拔牙组术后下唇麻木1例,传统劈凿拔牙法术后下...     

An easy way to apply orthodontic extraction for impacted lower third molar compressing to the inferior alveolar nerve

PurposeTo study the results of an easy orthodontic extraction method for impacted lower third molar removal which had roots compressing to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN).Patients and methodsForty patients were divided into two groups according to their desire. Orthodontic traction group (n = 20) had brackets or mini bone screws on the antagonist maxillary molars as anchorage for orthodontic traction from 3 to 10 weeks until the roots’ tip was away from the IAN, the tooth was then removed. Traditional extraction group (n = 20) had the tooth removed immediately by the same surgeon. Post-operative results were compared between the two groups.ResultsAll 20 patients in the orthodontic extraction group had their lower impacted third molar removed easily without lower lip numbness after surgery, while 5 patients in the traditional extraction group had transient IAN injury and went away 1 week later. There were no anchorage teeth and adjacent mandibular second molar loose or displacement.ConclusionApplication of orthodontic brackets or mini bone screws on the antagonist maxillary molars is an easy way for orthodontic extraction of impacted lower third molar with roots’ tip compressed to the IAN. It is an effective way to avoid IAN injury during tooth extraction.     

Preoperative assessment of the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal by axial computed tomography with coronal and sagittal reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal by using axial computed tomography with coronal and sagittal reconstruction for third molar surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-seven impacted third molars in 41 patients were found in close association with the mandibular canal during a panoramic radiographic assessment. The relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal was evaluated by using computed tomography and compared in terms of operative exposure of the inferior alveolar nerve and postoperative labial dysesthesia. RESULTS: Twenty-four (51%) mandibular canals were buccal relative to the third molar, 12 were lingual, 9 were inferior, and 2 were between roots. At the time of the surgical procedure, the inferior alveolar nerve was visible in 7 patients. Postoperative lower lip dysesthesia occurred in 1 patient whose mandibular canal was in the lingual position. CONCLUSIONS: Axial computed tomography with coronal and sagittal reconstruction provides useful information to surgeons regarding the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal.     

双种植钉牵引拔除高危下颌水平阻生智牙8例报道

目的: 探讨应用双种植支抗钉牵引拔除紧邻下牙槽神经管水平阻生智牙的临床效果。方法: 选择正畸科转诊要求拔除锥形束CT确诊紧邻下牙槽神经管的水平阻生智牙8例,双种植支抗钉配合悬臂梁牵引智牙6~9个月,当与下牙槽神经分离后予以拔除。结果: 所有患牙拔除后均未出现下牙槽神经麻木症状。结论: 应用双种植支抗钉牵引拔除紧邻下牙槽神经管的水平阻生智牙是一种高效、可靠的治疗方法。     

Surgical extraction of impacted inferior third molars at risk for inferior alveolar nerve injury

The objective of the study was to prospectively assess the intraoperative findings and the radiographic signs of a study population of patients with impacted third molars at risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury. One hundred thirty-four patients with impacted mandibular third molars at risk for nerve injury were included in the study. Radiographic signs of possible close relationship between the 2 structures and intraoperative exposition or damage of the inferior alveolar nerve were recorded. The follow-up controls comprised clinical examinations and assessment for the sensation of the lower lip and chin. In 24 patients, a real contiguity was encountered between the third molars and nerve. Among these, intraoperative neural exposition was observed in 19 patients. Four patients complained of postoperative temporary hypoesthesia. No deficit of sensibility was found in cases with no exposition of the nerve. The accidental exposition of the inferior alveolar nerve is associated with an increased risk for neural injuries. At panoramic radiograph, the presence of signs of bifid and radiolucent apex, superimposition, and radiolucent root band should be considered at high risk for neural damage.     

Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果研究

目的 通过临床随机对照试验的方法评价Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉有效性和安全性。方法 使用左右半口设计,32例患者的左右下颌阻生第三磨牙分别随机采用Gow-Gates法和传统注射法进行下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉,并拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙,记录麻醉效果及不良事件。结果 所有患者均完成研究。Gow-Gates法的麻醉成功率为96.9%,传统注射法的麻醉成功率为90.6%,二者的麻醉成功率无统计学差异（P=0.317）。在麻醉程度上,Gow-Gates法麻醉程度为A和B级的比率为96.9%,明显好于传统注射法的78.1%（P=0.034）。Gow-Gates法的回抽出血率明显低于传统注射法（P=0.025）,2种注射方法均未出现血肿。结论 Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果好且较为安全,可以作为传统注射法的有效补充。