子宫动脉化疗栓塞术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠

目的探讨子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的可行性和安全性。方法 2008年10月—2010年10月对12例CSP患者行子宫动脉化疗栓塞术,先向双侧子宫动脉灌注甲氨蝶呤80～100mg,再用500～710μmPVA颗粒对双侧子宫动脉进行栓塞,术后定期复查血清β-HCG及妇科超声。结果子宫动脉化疗栓塞术操作成功率100%,术后血清β-HCG水平迅速下降,妊娠囊逐渐萎缩、坏死、脱落。无大出血及子宫破裂等严重并发症。结论子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗CSP能迅速止血,有效杀胚,保留子宫,是一种安全、可行的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜双侧子宫动脉阻断联合宫腔镜妊娠病灶清除治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠

目的探讨腹腔镜双侧子宫动脉阻断联合宫腔镜妊娠病灶清除治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的疗效。方法 2013年1月~2015年5月北京大学第三医院妇科诊治62例CSP,均行经阴道超声检查进行初筛,盆腔MRI确诊,腹腔镜下先分离出双侧子宫动脉并进行阻断,然后在宫腔镜下清除剖宫产瘢痕部位的妊娠病灶,复查术后血h CG、妇科超声,评估治疗效果。结果 62例均成功实施腹腔镜下双侧子宫动脉阻断及宫腔镜妊娠病灶清除,无中转开腹及子宫切除。术中出血量中位数为30 ml(P_(25):20 ml,P_(75):100 ml),4例因病灶范围大,术中出血分别为600、600、800、800 ml,其中3例输血。1例因术后h CG下降不满意再次行宫腔镜妊娠病灶清除术。血h CG术后4~75 d,(30.9±16.9)d降至正常。术后20~75 d,(34.8±11.4)d月经恢复来潮。62例随访4~32个月,(15.8±8.0)月,5例再次妊娠,其中4例足月剖宫产分娩,1例术后再次发生CSP,行宫腔镜病灶清除。结论腹腔镜双侧子宫动脉阻断联合宫腔镜瘢痕妊娠病灶清除治疗CSP疗效确切,是治疗CSP的理想方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞术在剖宫产后疤痕妊娠治疗中的应用

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术在剖宫产后子宫切口疤痕妊娠中的应用价值. 方法 回顾性分析32例剖宫产后子宫切口疤痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancies,CSP)的临床资料. 结果 18例患者在子宫动脉栓塞术后24小时行B超定位下清宫术;14例患者在子宫动脉栓塞后开腹行局部病灶清除术.所有病例术后随访期内均无再发出血,超声宫腔内无残留. 结论 子宫动脉栓塞术在剖宫产术后疤痕妊娠的治疗上既能控制出血量,又能保留女性生育机能,是治疗CSP的一种安全、有效的方法.     

子宫动脉化疗灌注栓塞术联合宫腔镜治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的效果

目的分析对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)患者应用子宫动脉化疗灌注栓塞术联合宫腔镜治疗的临床效果。方法对本院收治的21例CSP患者予以双侧子宫动脉选择插管,灌注甲氨蝶呤后应用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞,经造影证实栓塞完全后拔管。术后适时实施宫腔镜妊娠组织清除术。对患者的手术效果进行评价,并观察患者术中出血量、术后住院时间和并发症等指标。在随访期间观察患者血β-HCG转阴时间及月经恢复正常时间。结果 21例患者均一次成功施行子宫动脉化疗灌注栓塞术。术后3～5 d内顺利完成宫腔镜妊娠组织清除术。术中出血量为(52.50±8.26)mL。无子宫穿孔、大出血等严重并发症出现。住院时间为(9.86±1.24)d。患者出院后均获6个月随访,血β-HCG转阴时间为(40.60±11.52)d。月经恢复正常时间为(43.86±13.60)d。超声复查子宫包块消失,子宫复旧良好,未发生闭经等并发症。结论对CSP患者应用子宫动脉化疗灌注栓塞术联合宫腔镜治疗,疗效确切,微创且安全性高。     

子宫动脉化疗栓塞术联合刮宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠

目的探讨子宫动脉化疗栓塞术（UACE）联合刮宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的安全性和有效性。方法对33例CSP患者行选择性双侧子宫动脉插管造影,灌注氨甲蝶呤（MTX）和明胶海绵颗粒栓塞后24-48h内进行刮宫术,评价术后疗效。结果对所有患者均成功完成UACE刮宫术中出血（24．62±12．53）ml。未见严重并发症发生。结论UACE联合刮宫术治疗CSP微创、安全、有效,可避免子宫切除,保留患者生育能力。     

血管内介入治疗子宫特殊部位妊娠

目的探讨血管内介入治疗在子宫特殊部位异位妊娠治疗中的临床意义。方法对22例子宫特殊部位妊娠患者行双侧子宫动脉灌注氨甲蝶呤加栓塞术治疗,其中宫颈妊娠6例、子宫切口妊娠15例、宫角妊娠1例,分析其临床疗效。结果 20例经子宫动脉栓塞术后血β-HCG水平呈进行性显著下降,2～3周均降至正常。6例因仍有少量阴道出血及妊娠物残留,于术后5～19天行清宫术,无子宫破裂和大出血发生,随访2个月后月经周期均恢复正常。结论血管内介入治疗子宫特殊部位异位妊娠微创、安全有效、并发症少,可保留患者子宫及生育功能。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠介入治疗的护理

目的:探讨经子宫动脉介入化疗栓塞10例剖宫产术后癜痕妊娠的护理体会.方法:回顾分析我院2010年4月至2011年5月子宫动脉介入治疗10例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的完整资料.结果:10例患者经子宫动脉灌注甲氨蝶呤并用明胶海绵栓塞治疗后,血HCG指标明显下降,阴道出血停止,孕囊缩小,术后清宫无-例大出血.结论:经子宫动脉介入治疗瘢痕妊娠,比传统保守治疗效果好,风险小,能有效控制出血,血HCG下降快,缩短了住院时间,保全了患者的器官.     

米非司酮、甲氨蝶呤联合宫腔镜胚胎清除术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠效果观察

目的观察米非司酮、甲氨蝶呤联合宫腔镜胚胎清除术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的效果。方法随机将88例接受宫腔镜胚胎清除术的CSP患者分为2组,各44例。观察组联合米非司酮、甲氨蝶呤,对照组联合子宫动脉栓塞术。比较2组疗效。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、月经恢复时间、阴道流血时间、β-HCG恢复时间、住院时间及治疗总有效率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论米非司酮、甲氨蝶呤联合宫腔镜胚胎清除术治疗CSP,术中出血量少、手术时间短、术后恢复快,效果确切。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠临床分析

目的总结剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)的诊治措施。方法对38例CSP患者均首先采用药物治疗,l周后根据B超及血β-HCG复查结果,分别采用超声引导下清宫术,子宫瘢痕妊娠部位清除术加子宫修补术及子宫次全切除术。结果首次经超声检查确诊14例(36.84%)。20例药物加清宫术治疗痊愈,成功率52.63%。8例非手术治疗失败和10例出血量在300 mL以上的患者,给予行子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶清除术加子宫修补术,其中2例因术中出血难以控制实施次全子宫切除术。结论 CSP的首选诊断方法为超声检查。确诊后应首先采用药物治疗,然后根据B超及血β-HCG复查结果,采用相应的个体化治疗方案。     

子宫动脉栓塞术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产疤痕妊娠护理体会

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术联合清宫术治疗剖宫产疤痕妊娠(CSP)的护理体会。方法对30例CSP患者实施子宫动脉栓塞术联合清宫术治疗期间,精心开展心理、病情监测,疼痛、切口、并发症等护理措施。结果 30例患者均获有效止血并择期完成B超引导下清宫术,未发生大出血和子宫切除等严重后果。术后经超声检查确认宫颈及宫腔内有无残留物,查血β-HCG下降明显,患者均痊愈出院。月经1~2个月内均恢复正常。结论在CSP患者实施子宫动脉栓塞术联合清宫术期间,精心开展各项护理措施,有利于患者顺利完成治疗,减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者早期康复。     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠：MRI与经阴道超声对照

目的评价MRI及经阴道超声诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的28例CSP患者的MRI、经阴道超声表现,对比两种方法显示孕囊位置、大小、性质、对子宫肌层的浸润、是否合并囊内及宫腔出血、对卵黄囊显示及存活状况等情况。结果MRI及经阴道超声均可显示23例囊性孕囊和5例包块型孕囊。23例囊性孕囊中,MRI诊断孕囊内合并出血6例,经阴道超声发现囊内出血2例;MRI无法显示卵黄囊及判断胚胎是否存活;经阴道超声发现卵黄囊12例,其中胚胎存活10例。MRI显示孕囊位于瘢痕周围肌层内9例,位于瘢痕处向官腔方向延伸14例,经阴道超声诊断位于肌层8例,瘢痕及官腔内15例。5例包块型孕囊中,MRI均见包块内出血,经阴道超声诊断包块内出血3例;MRI诊断包块对子宫肌层浸润5例,经阴道超声无法判断孕囊对子宫肌层的浸润。MRI诊断官腔内积血18例,经阴道超声诊断8例。结论联合应用阴道超声与MRI有利于诊断CSP。     

Laparoscopic Management or Laparoscopy Combined with Transvaginal Management of Type II Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) by deep implantation.

Background:

A pregnancy implanting within the scar from a previous cesarean delivery is a rare condition of ectopic pregnancy. There are two different types of CSPs. Type I is caused by implantation of the amniotic sac on the scar with progression toward either the cervicoisthmic space or the uterine cavity. Type II (CSP-II) is caused by deep implantation into a previous CS defect with infiltrating growth into the uterine myometrium and bulging from the uterine serosal surface, which may result in uterine rupture and severe bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thus, timely management with an early and accurate diagnosis of CSP-II is important. However, laparoscopic management in CSP-II has not yet been evaluated.

Methods:

Eleven patients with CSP-II underwent conservative laparoscopic surgery or laparoscopy combined with transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair to preserve the uterus from March 2008 to November 2011. Patients with CSP-II were diagnosed using color Doppler sonography, and the diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy. The operation time, the blood loss during surgery, the levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) before surgery, the time taken for serum β-hCG levels to return to <100 mIU/mL postoperatively, and the time for the uterine body to revert to its original state were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

All 11 operations were successfully performed using laparoscopy with preservation of the uterus. One patient underwent a dilation and curettage after laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation. Eight patients were treated solely by laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair. The remaining two patients underwent laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and transvaginal resection of the CS with gestational tissue and wound repair because of dense adhesions and heavy bleeding. The average operation time was 85.5 (±17.5) minutes, and the blood loss was 250.0 (±221.4) mL. The blood serum level of β-hCG returned to <100 mIU/mL in 16.4 (±5.3) days postoperatively. Among the 10 patients who underwent resection of CS and wound repair, the time for the uterus to revert to its original state (judged by ultrasonography) was 10.8 (±3.0) days postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopy can remove ectopic gestational tissue and allow subsequent wound repair, as well as provide diagnostic confirmation. Being a minimally invasive procedure, laparoscopic or laparoscopy combined with transvaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation and resection of the scar with gestational tissue and wound repair can become an effective alternative for the treatment of CSP-II.     

米非司酮联合吸宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的价值

目的探讨米非司酮联合吸宫术在剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析24例CSP患者的临床表现和治疗结局。结果 24例患者均进行口服米非司酮片联合吸宫术,23例成功。1例施行子宫动脉栓塞术后,成功止血;孕囊在4.1cm×1.6cm以下患者出血量显著少于孕囊在4.1cm×1.6cm以上的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);停经天数60d以内患者出血量显著少于停经天数超过60d的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于妊囊小、孕期短、血HCG值较低的患者可采用米非司酮联合吸宫术及时终止妊娠,可达到良好的治疗效果,为一种经济、简单,效果较好的治疗方式,但是考虑到大出血的可能,术前应做好应急实施子宫动脉栓塞术的准备。     

宫腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜下子宫病灶切除在抢救剖宫产瘢痕妊娠初治出血中的应用

目的探讨官腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜下子宫病灶切除在抢救剖宫产瘢痕妊娠初治出血中的可行性及价值。方法2010年10月～2019年6月,对5例初治出血的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠,先在宫腔内放置水囊压迫止血,然后立即行腹腔镜下剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除及缝合修补。结果5例均获成功,无中转开腹及手术并发症。手术时间35～50min,平均42min。术中出血量10～30ml,平均21ml。术后4周内血β-hCG均降至正常,月经规律来潮。结论官腔放置水囊联合腹腔镜子宫病灶切除具有微创、疗效确切等优点,是抢救初治出血的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病例的有效方法。     

肝癌破裂出血早期肝动脉栓塞治疗的价值

目的评价经导管动脉栓塞(TAE)抢救肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)自发性破裂出血的方法及效果。方法对15例HCC自发性破裂出血患者行急诊肝动脉插管,联合应用明胶海绵、碘油或加弹簧钢圈作出血动脉的栓塞治疗。结果15例行TAE后出血均得到完全控制。除1例术后第3天死于多器官功能衰竭外,其余14例均存活3月以上,半年生存率达86.7%(13/15),一年生存率为66.7%(10/15)。结论急诊TAE治疗HCC自发性破裂出血疗效好,对不能手术完全切除的肝癌患者,疗效优于其他外科止血方法。     

子宫切口早期妊娠的MRI表现

目的探讨剖宫产术后早期子宫切口瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实为早期CSP患者的MRI特征,比较影像特征与病理结果,分析其MRI特点。结果 13例早期CSP于MRI均清楚显示妊娠囊位于子宫下段前壁切口瘢痕处,瘢痕于MR平扫T1WI和T2WI呈低信号。9例妊娠囊呈类圆形囊性病灶,T1WI呈低信号、T2WI呈高信号。4例呈不规则团块状病灶,其中3例T1WI呈混杂高、稍高信号,T2WI呈高信号,1例T1WI呈等信号、T2WI呈混杂低信号。7例DWI中,5例妊娠囊DWI呈均匀或不均匀高信号,ADC呈稍低信号;2例妊娠囊DWI呈不均匀低信号,ADC呈高信号。2例增强扫描均可见妊娠囊囊壁呈环形强化。13例病理检查镜下均可见滋养叶细胞、绒毛及蜕膜组织。结论 CSP的MRI具有一定的特征,对临床明确诊断及治疗方法的选择有重要价值。     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠微创治疗价值的探讨

目的探讨血管介入联合内镜微创治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的疗效。方法对2003年5月~2009年5月我院收治的血β-HCG水平接近或大于5 000 IU/L的30例CSP患者,行子宫动脉插管灌注甲氨蝶呤(m ethotrexate,MTX)加双侧子宫动脉栓塞,然后行宫腔镜引导下刮宫术,必要时加腹腔镜监视。根据胚胎存活与否及绒毛活性将病灶分为4型,比较各型之间的病情严重程度和疗效的差异性。结果除1例中转经腹行病灶切除加子宫修补术外,29例(96.7%)微创治疗成功。本组平均住院时间(20.3±9.8)d,平均医疗费用(10 276±4 295)元,血β-HCG平均转阴时间(25.4±9.9)d。在临床各型之间,代表病情严重程度的治疗前血β-HCG水平有显著性差异(P<0.05),而代表疗效的住院时间、医疗费用及血β-HCG转阴时间等指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血管介入联合内镜的微创方法治疗CSP具有疗效好、创伤小、恢复快等优点,并能改善重症CSP患者的预后。     

A prospective randomized comparison of cold vs hot snare polypectomy in the occurrence of postpolypectomy bleeding in small colonic polyps

Aim Polypectomy techniques in the removal of polyps in the 3–8 mm size range are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to compare cold (CSP) with hot snare polypectomy (HSP) in the occurrence of postpolypectomy bleeding in small colonic polyps 3–8 mm in size. Method In all, 414 consecutive patients with small colorectal polyps 3–8 mm in size were prospectively randomized into the CSP group and the HSP group. Results There was no early or late postpolypectomy bleeding in either group. Intraprocedural bleeding was significantly more frequent in the CSP group than the HSP group (CSP, 19/208; HSP, 2/206; P < 0.001) but resolved spontaneously without any intervention in both groups. Conclusion The data show that the CSP technique is safe, effective and quicker than HSP for patients and it could be considered the ideal procedure for small polyp removal.     

Rupture of excluded popliteal artery aneurysm: implications for type II endoleaks--a case report

The fate of popliteal artery aneurysms after ligation and bypass is believed to be relatively innocuous. The patient presented in this report, however, experienced spontaneous rupture of a popliteal aneurysm 11 years after ligation and bypass. Magnetic resonance angiography was used to establish the diagnosis of rupture, which was subsequently confirmed at surgery. Intraoperative arteriography demonstrated persistent collateral arterial perfusion of the excluded popliteal aneurysm sac. The collateral arterial flow originated from the superior and inferior lateral genicular arteries. The persistent arterial perfusion resulted in growth of the aneurysm from 4.2 to 7.0 cm over the 11-year period. The ruptured aneurysm was successfully treated by direct arterial exposure and suture ligation of the collateral vessels performed from within the aneurysm sac. The development of popliteal aneurysm expansion and rupture as a result of collateral arterial perfusion suggests that persistent collateral perfusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular repair (type II endoleak) may lead to aneurysm rupture. Therefore, close observation and intervention for aneurysm expansion to prevent rupture of the excluded aneurysm are warranted.