血管内栓塞治疗髓周动静脉瘘效果

目的 观察血管内栓塞治疗髓周动静脉瘘(PMAVF)的效果。方法 回顾性分析8例接受血管内栓塞治疗的PMAVF患者资料,记录治疗后即刻及6个月后复查DSA所见;对比治疗前及6个月后改良Aminoff-Logue评分(mALS)。结果 8例PMAVF中,Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱ型5例、Ⅲ型1例;对其中3例以Onyx胶栓塞、5例以Glubran胶栓塞。治疗结束后即刻造影提示8例瘘口均被完全栓塞;6个月后复查脊髓DSA显示瘘口无复发。8例中1例痊愈、7例改善;治疗后6个月mALS(2.25±2.12)低于治疗前(5.50±2.39)(P<0.05)。结论 血管内栓塞能安全、有效治疗PMAVF。     

介入栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探讨介入栓塞硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的可行性和有效性.方法 自2010年12月至2012年5月共治疗104例SDAVF患者,选择符合条件的26例进行栓塞治疗.男性22例,女性4例,男女比例5.5:1;年龄34 ～81岁,平均55.9岁.SDAVF分别位于胸段10例、腰段9例、骶段7例.主要表现为双下肢进行性麻木无力和大小便障碍,病程1～ 156个月,平均17.1个月.栓塞材料使用ONYX-18液态栓塞剂或Glubran-2外科胶,未完全栓塞的患者,择期行手术治疗.治疗后3个月行脊髓功能评价和MRI检查,6个月行脊髓功能评价、MRI和脊髓血管造影检查.结果 26例患者中有15例达到即刻完全栓塞的影像学标准.使用ONYX-18栓塞20例,14例完全栓塞;应用Glubran-2栓塞6例,仅1例完全栓塞.10例胸段患者中仅3例获得完全栓塞,16例腰骶段患者中,12例完全栓塞.未完全栓塞的患者2周内均行手术治疗.所有病例于术后3和6个月复查MRI,6个月复查DSA.完全栓塞患者症状术后即刻均有不同程度的好转,6个月随访时肌力和大小便功能均有较明显的改善,MRI显示脊髓水肿消失,蛛网膜下腔的迂曲血管影消失.复查脊髓DSA均未见病变残留或复发.所有经过栓塞治疗的患者,术后未出现症状加重或新发症状.结论 部分SDAVF,尤其病变位于腰骶部的患者,适宜栓塞治疗,栓塞的材料和方法需要进一步探讨.     

Glubran-2胶用于子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后出血伴凝血功能障碍患者子宫动脉假性动脉瘤

目的 观察以Glubran-2胶行子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗产后出血伴凝血功能障碍患者子宫动脉假性动脉瘤(UAP)的价值。方法 回顾性纳入13例接受Glubran-2胶UAE治疗的产后出血伴凝血功能障碍UAP患者,包括产后即刻出血8例、迟发性产后出血5例;共17个UAP,其中10例1个、2例2个、1例3个UAP;观察UAE技术成功率、临床治疗成功率、复发率、并发症率、产后恢复月经来潮时间及UAE后生育情况。结果 13例UAE中,11例采用Glubran-2胶联合明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞、2例单独以Glubran-2胶进行栓塞,Glubran-2胶用量为0.3~2.2 ml/例;UAE技术成功率和临床治疗成功率均为100%。UAE后随访3~75个月,未见严重并发症及复发出血;2例于UAE后2日发热,经抗感染治疗后好转。13例均于产后2~6个月、中位时间4个月恢复月经来潮,且均无再生育意愿。结论 以Glubran-2胶行UAE治疗产后出血伴凝血功能障碍患者UAP安全、有效。     

Glubran-2胶经导管动脉栓塞治疗经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后出血

目的 观察以Glubran-2胶经导管动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)后出血的效果。方法 回顾性分析17例接受Glubran-2胶TAE治疗PTCD后出血的患者,观察技术成功率、临床成功率及并发症情况;比较TAE后当日与次日红细胞(RBC)及血红蛋白(Hb)差异;比较TAE前与TAE次日及第2日、TAE前与TAE后第4日谷丙转氨酶(GPT)差异。结果 17例均经TAE成功栓塞责任血管,技术成功率及临床成功率均为100%;均未出现肝脓肿、败血症及肺栓塞等严重并发症。TAE后当日与次日,RBC及Hb差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);TAE前GPT低于TAE后次日及第2日(P<0.05),TAE前与TAE后第4日GPT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 以Glubran-2胶行TAE治疗PTCD后出血安全、有效。     

TACE联合栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘

目的 探讨TACE联合瘘口栓塞对中晚期原发性肝癌（PHC）合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘（HAPF）的干预效果。方法 回顾性分析65例伴HAPF的中晚期PHC患者,根据肝动脉造影中门静脉显影时间将HAPF分为低流量型（<1 s,31例）、中流量型（1~3 s,25例）及高流量型（>3 s,9例）,均给予TACE联合瘘口栓塞治疗。统计术后1个月瘘口封堵情况和临床疗效,及术后3、6、12、24个月患者生存率。结果 48例（73.85%,48/65）HAPF患者经一次性完全封堵,包括26例（26/31,83.87%）低流量型、18例（18/25,72.00%）中流量型及4例（4/9,44.44%）高流量型（P=0.046）。治疗后肿瘤进展11例,稳定19例,缓解35例,其中低流量型HAPF患者肿瘤进展2例、稳定3例、缓解26例,中流量型、高流量型HAPF患者分别为2、14、9例及7、2、0例（P=0.001）。术后3个月患者生存率为87.69%（57/65）,6个月67.69%（44/65）,12个月43.08%（28/65）,24个月6.15%（4/65）;低、中、高流量型患者生存率差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 TACE联合瘘口栓塞可有效治疗PHC合并HAPF,且对低流量型HAPF治疗效果更佳。     

神经电生理监测下手术治疗腰段脊髓硬膜动静脉瘘1例报告

硬膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）是位于硬膜背侧表面的神经根动脉与神经根静脉之间形成异常动静脉分流,进而引起静脉高压和扩张,使脊髓灌注减少甚至受压,导致脊髓缺血和水肿^[1-4]。SDAVF属于脊髓血管畸形,目前具体病因尚不清楚,可能与先天性血管畸形有关。好发于中年男性^[5-6],发生率为5/106~10/106,常累及胸腰段^[7],临床表现为感觉、运动功能逐步下降,有时伴有疼痛、括约肌功能失调,症状进行性加重^[8-11]。本院2022年2月17日收治1例经数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查确诊的SDAVF患者,手术治疗后患者症状明显缓解,现将诊疗过程进行总结,报告如下。     

Histoacryl®组织胶超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血

目的 观察以Histoacryl^®组织胶作为栓塞剂超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血的效果。方法 回顾性分析52例医源性肾动脉出血患者,其中30例为经皮肾镜术后、15例为经皮肾穿刺活检术后、7例为部分肾切除术后;均接受数字减影血管造影（DSA）引导下超选择性栓塞患肾责任分支动脉,栓塞剂为Histoacryl^®组织胶。评价技术成功率、临床成功率、并发症及操作时间,比较栓塞前、后血红蛋白（Hb）、肌酐（Cr）和尿素氮（BUN）。结果 对52例均顺利完成治疗,平均操作时间（38.23±11.51） min,技术成功率、临床成功率均为100%。术前2 h与术后12 h内Hb、Cr及BUN差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后4例（4/52,7.69%）出现轻微并发症（发热伴局部腰痛）,经对症及支持治疗后恢复;无肾脓肿、败血症、肾破裂等严重并发症发生。结论 以Histoacryl^®组织胶作为栓塞剂超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血安全、有效。     

3D DSA引导下前列腺动脉栓塞治疗良性前列腺增生

目的 观察3D DSA引导下前列腺动脉栓塞（PAE）治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的效果。方法 回顾性分析70例接受DSA引导下PAE的BPH伴中、重度下尿路症状（LUTS）患者,其中接受3D DSA （3D组）及2D DSA （2D组）引导下PAE各35例。对比分析2组治疗相关资料、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果 2组均成功完成PAE。3D组左、右侧插管时间及操作时间、辐射时间、辐射剂量、剂量面积乘积（DAP）、总造影次数和造影图像帧数均小于2D组（P均<0.05）。术后2组均有发热、疼痛、泌尿系感染等轻微并发症发生,均未见严重并发症,组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后6个月,70例前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量指数（QOL）评分均较术前减小（P均<0.05）,组间差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 3D DSA引导下PAE治疗BPH伴中、重度LUTS安全、有效,且能减少造影次数,缩短治疗及插管时间,降低辐射剂量。     

经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血的选择性肾动脉造影和栓塞治疗

目的 观察经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)后肾出血的DSA影像学表现及超选择性动脉栓塞治疗的疗效.方法 收集PCNL术后肾出血经保守治疗无效患者12例,经选择性肾动脉造影检查,明确诊断后行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,评价疗效. 结果 12例患者中,单纯假性动脉瘤8例,假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘2例,假性动脉瘤伴对比剂外溢2例,选用明胶海绵、真丝线段、聚乙烯醇微粒和微弹簧圈等栓塞材料成功进行栓塞,随访6个月均未发现再出血.2例患者出现栓塞后综合征,1例血清肌酐略升高,给予对症处理后症状逐渐好转.结论 选择性肾动脉造影可明确诊断PCNL术后肾出血;栓塞治疗迅速、安全有效、并发症少、可最大限度保护肾功能,是PCNL术后肾出血保守治疗无效的首选治疗方法.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗

目的：总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析经脊髓MRI和血管造影确诊的110例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床及随访资料。结果：本组患者首选经全椎板切除入路夹闭瘘口至脊髓表面的引流静脉61例,经半椎板切除入路手术37例,经血管内栓塞12例,栓塞后复发再手术3例。患者术后采用了抗凝、血液稀释、早期康复等辅助治疗。106例患者术后复查脊髓血管造影证实瘘口全部闭塞。89例复查脊髓MRI显示髓周血管流空信号全部消失,其中74例髓内T2高信号消失、15例缩小。术后98例患者获随访,随访时间3-120个月,54例症状完全消失,34例症状改善,10例无变化,其中3例栓塞1-5年后瘘口再通而手术。结论：硬脊膜动静脉瘘早期诊断、早期治疗,预后良好。经单侧半椎板切除入路,夹闭自瘘口到脊髓表面的引流静脉是本病道选的治疗方法。     

Intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using a glue material for spinal cord arteriovenous fistula: a case report

Introduction

Spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is treated by embolization or surgery. However, transarterial embolization or surgery is difficult in rare cases when the fistula site is very complicated to access especially as in fistular nidus supplied by posterior and anterior spinal artery. We present the case which was treated with intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using glue material, since the usual transarterial or transvenous neurointerventional approach was difficult to embolize the AVF.

Methods

A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive leg weakness and pain after a 20-year history of lower back pain. She had pelvic and spinal AVF combined with arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Despite prior treatment of the pelvic lesion with radiotherapy and coil embolization, the spinal lesion persisted and caused repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages. A spinal angiogram revealed a tortuous and long feeder of the AVF which had growing venous sac, as well as AVM. Two embolization trials failed because of the long tortuosity and associated anterior spinal artery. Four months later, drastic leg weakness and pain occurred, and IOPE was performed using a glue material.

Results

The subsequent recovery of the patient was rapid. One month later, the use of a strong opioid could be discontinued, and the patient could walk with aid. A follow-up spinal angiogram revealed that the venous sac of the AVF had disappeared.

Conclusion

In spinal AVF which is not feasible to access by usual intervention approach and to dissect surgically, IOPE with glue material can be considered for the treatment.

     

Recovery from paraplegia after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: case report and review of the literature

Background  

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare and enigmatic disease. Functional outcome is particularly uncertain for the small group of patients that are unable to stand at the time of diagnosis (grade 5 gait disturbance on the Aminoff-Logue scale, ALS). The objective of this study is to examine the final functional outcome of patients with SDAVF in grade 5 gait ALS before treatment.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的临床研究

目的探讨超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的有效性及安全性。方法 29例经保守治疗无效的医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘患者经DSA检查,明确出血部位、特点后行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。监测栓塞后病情变化,评估栓塞效果,评价栓塞前后肾功能变化,记录并发症。结果 29例患者中23例单纯使用弹簧圈栓塞,6例应用弹簧圈+PVA颗粒进行栓塞,首次肾动脉栓塞技术成功率为100%(29/29),临床成功率为96.55%(28/29)。患者栓塞前后肌酐分别为(93.26±28.79)mmol/L和(91.51±27.68)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(t=1.28,P=0.22)。无肾脓肿、肾功能衰竭等严重并发症出现。结论超选择介入栓塞治疗医源性肾假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘技术成功率高、临床有效,并且对肾功能无明显影响,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Clinical and neuroimaging findings of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: How to avoid misdiagnosis of this disease

ObjectiveSpinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare but can cause serious gait and micturition disturbances. Delays in diagnosis and treatment result in poor clinical outcomes; however, the process of misdiagnosis is unknown.MethodsForty consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThirty-one patients (78%) were initially misdiagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis or other diseases, mostly by orthopedic surgeons, even though most patients (85%) had specific symptoms or characteristic neuroimaging findings of spinal DAVFs: they often presented with spastic gait (thoracic myelopathy), progressive ascending numbness that begins in the distal lower extremities (epicous syndrome), and urinary tract symptoms (conus medullaris syndrome); initial lumbar MRI showed T2 signal change in the conus medullaris and vascular flow voids around the cord. The median time from onset to treatment was longer in patients with a misdiagnosis than in those with the correct diagnosis (11 vs 4 months). In all patients, the fistula was completely obliterated by the direct microsurgical procedure; however, patients with a misdiagnosis had developed additional disabilities by the time a correct diagnosis was made (Aminoff-Logue gait grade of 3.6 ± 1.4 vs 2.1 ± 1.5 p = 0.013), and achieved markedly smaller improvements after the treatment (Aminoff-Logue gait grade of 3.0 ± 1.6 vs 1.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.006) than those with the correct diagnosis of spinal DAVFs.ConclusionsWhen common spinal stenosis fail to explain the symptoms such as thoracic myelopathy, epiconus syndrome, and conus medullaris syndrome, the possibility of spinal DAVFs should be considered. If lumbar MRI shows conus medullaris lesions, thoracic MRI should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.     

The Hybrid Assistive Limb® intervention for a postoperative patient with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula and chronic spinal cord injury: A case study

Context: The purpose of this report was to describe the improvement in walking ability using the Hybrid Assistive Limb® (HAL®) intervention in the case of a patient with paraplegia after spinal cord injury whose condition deteriorated because of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF).

Findings: A 48-year-old man started the HAL® intervention twice per week (total 10 sessions), after his neurologic improvement had plateaued from 3 to 6 months postoperatively for an SDAVF. During the HAL® intervention, the 10-m walk test (10MWT) without HAL® was performed before and after each session. An electromyography system was used to evaluate muscle activity of both the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and quadriceps femoris (Quad) muscles in synchronization with the Vicon motion capture system. The International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) motor scores of the lower extremities and the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI II) score were also assessed to evaluate motor function. The HAL® intervention improved gait speed and cadence during the 10MWT. Before the intervention, both the Gmax and left Quad muscles were not activated. After the intervention, the right Gmax and both Quad muscles were activated in stance phase rhythmically according to the gait cycle. The ISNCSCI motor score also improved from 14 to 16, and the WISCI II scored improved from 7 to 12.

Conclusion/clinical relevance: Our experience with this patient suggests that the HAL® can be an effective tool for improving functional ambulation in patients with chronic spinal cord injury.     

介入栓塞治疗未破裂动脉瘤合并脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨未破裂的动脉瘤合并脑动静脉畸形(BAVM)的介入治疗价值。方法回顾性分析23例未破裂的动脉瘤合并BAVM患者的资料。对所有患者均行介入栓塞治疗,根据Redekop分型,选择介入栓塞方式。对近端、远端血流动力型动脉瘤以弹簧圈栓塞,对团内型动脉瘤以Onyx栓塞剂栓塞。术后1周以格拉斯哥转归评分(GOS)评估治疗效果。术后3~6个月行DSA复查病灶是否复发、有无颅内出血。结果 23例患者共36个病灶,其中BAVM合并团内型动脉瘤8个、近端血流动力型动脉瘤16个、远端血流动力型动脉瘤11个、无关血流动力型动脉瘤1个。以弹簧圈栓塞16个近端血流动力型和10个远端血流动力型动脉瘤;以Onyx栓塞剂栓塞8个团内型动脉瘤;1个远端血流动力型动脉瘤因栓塞困难且动脉瘤形态规整未予栓塞,术后第6天患者死于颅内出血引起的脑疝;1个无关血流动力型动脉瘤因易于外科夹闭未予栓塞。23例中,BAVM完全栓塞7例,未完全栓塞16例。19例术后GOS评分为5分,3例为4分,1例死亡病例未评估。除1例死亡外,余22例DSA术后随访均未见复发,无颅内出血。结论介入栓塞治疗未破裂的动脉瘤合并BAVM较为安全、有效,根据各病灶血流动力学特点制定治疗方案、尽量栓塞所有病灶并积极预防术后出血有助于改善患者预后。