单纯性肥胖儿童智力,个性,生理指标的调查分析

目的：为摸清肥胖对儿童的智力发育、心理成长及生理机能的发育是否有影响。方法：采用1：1配对方法对100对单纯性肥胖儿童及其对照组进行智商、生理指标的检测，并同时对其中91对进行了个性评定。结果：中、重度肥胖儿童的操作智商较对照组显著偏低，而血压等生理指标显著高于对照组，肺活量指数则显著低于对照组。在个性方面，无论轻、中、重度肥胖儿童与对照组均无显著差异。结论：中、重度单纯性肥胖对儿童的智力和生理发育有不良影响。     

口吃儿童智商对比研究

采用瑞文测验联合型（CRT）对7～15岁口吃几童98名进行了智商的对比研究。结果发现，口吃组儿童智商低于对照组（P＜0．01），但7～9岁组智商与对照组无差异，在口吃组中不同程度口吃儿童间智商差别也无显著意义（P＞0．05）。提示口吃是儿童智力水平偏低的表现；口吃可影响儿童智力发展，加强口吃防治有利于提高儿童智力水平。     

长春市单纯性肥胖儿童社会适应能力及智商研究

目的：比较单纯性肥胖儿童与正常儿童社会适应能力及智商水平。方法：采用儿童适应行为评定量表和韦氏儿童智力量表对长春市158例单纯肥胖儿童进行测试。结果：单纯性肥胖儿童社会适应能力差,突出表现独立生活能力差,但智商水平与对照组比较差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）,结论：应重视和加强单纯性肥胖儿童社会适应能力方面的教育和训练。     

单纯性肥胖儿童心理行为及智商的调查

目的：探讨单纯性肥胖症对儿童心理行为及智商的影响。方法 应用儿童适应行为评定量表和韦氏学龄儿童智力量表对单纯性肥胖组的对照组儿童各182名（年龄7－14岁）进行了心理行为的智商的测试。结果：肥胖组心理行为总得分及各因子得分均显著低于对照组（P＜0．05），肥胖组与对照组总平均适应行为商数（ADQ）分别为125．63与170．85，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01），并且言语智商（IQ）、操作智商（IQ）及总智(IQ)肥胖组均低于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论；单纯性肥胖儿童存在着显著的心理障碍并且影响智力的发展。     

儿童智力和家庭环境与学习成绩的关系

目的 探讨智力及家庭环境因素与儿童学习成绩的关系。方法 采用Moss家庭环境量表和中国－韦氏儿童智力量表对40名学习成绩低下儿童（低分组）和40名学习成绩优良儿童（高分组）进行测评。结果 高分组儿童家庭情感表达，成功性二维度得分高于低分组儿童，矛盾性和独立性二维度得分低于低分组儿童；高分组儿童总智商，言语智商，操作智商以及除填图，拼物之外的所有分测验量表分均显高于低分组儿童。结论 智力及某些家庭环境特征与儿童学习成绩均有明显的关系。     

包头市7-12岁单纯性肥胖儿童智力的研究

目的探讨单纯性肥胖是否影响儿童智力发育。方法采用韦克斯勒儿童智力量表对不同肥胖程度的单纯性肥胖儿童及其对照进行智力测验,计算出言语智商、操作智商及总智商,用PC-113计算机SAS软件包对测量结果进行t检验及x^2检验。结果两组儿童的分测验量表分、言语智商、操作智商、总智商、智商分级、构成比及不同程度的肥胖组的总智商都无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论单纯性肥胖不影响儿童的智力发育。     

335例单纯性肥胖儿童智力情况的调查

近年来,单纯性肥胖症对儿童智力的影响已受到社会的关注,为了解单纯性肥胖儿童的智力状况,我们于2003年3～6月份对曲阜市城区小学生的儿童肥胖状况进行了调查.本文采取韦氏儿童智力量表和查看学习成绩相结合的办法,对335名单纯性肥胖儿童及其对照组进行了调查,旨在为指导肥胖儿童身心健康发展提供科学依据.     

学习成绩不佳儿童智力测验结果分析

目的探讨学习成绩不佳儿童的具体智力水平。方法对150名学习成绩不佳儿童及118名学习成绩正常儿童应用修订的中国韦氏儿童智力量表（C—WISC）进行智力测验,并且对所得结果加以分析比较。结果研究组儿童各项分测验的量表分均值、言语智商、操作智商、总智商及因子分均值均低于对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义。研究组中智商（IQ）〈70分的儿童占18．67％,IQ在70～79分的儿童占29．33％,IQt〉80分的儿童占52．00％。研究组言语理解因子分值高于知觉组织因子与注意记忆因子,知觉组织因子高于注意记忆因子,差异显著。结论学习成绩不佳儿童并非都是因为智力低下造成的,但总体而言,与学习成绩正常儿童相比其智力水平要落后,智力结构发育也不平衡。针对学习成绩不佳儿童应根据学习成绩不佳的原因,采取针对性的措施。     

肥胖对儿童少年生长发育及血脂影响的研究

童年时期的肥胖易发展为成人肥胖，是高血压、糖尿病、冠心病的危险因素．近十年来，我国儿童少年肥胖发生率有增高的趋势[1]，由于评价方法不同．其发生率波动在0．47～6．27％[1,2]．肥胖对儿童少年健康的影响是大家所关注的问题。现就肥胖对儿童少年生长发育、血脂影响的研究综述如下。1肥胖对儿童少年智力发育的影响萧黎等[3]调查了南京市18所小学肥胖儿的智力和学习成绩，选择1：1配对（共102对），测量其身高、体重和智商（采用韦克斯幼儿童智力测验IQ）．结果表明，肥胖儿的操作IQ和总IQ低于正常儿，差异非常显著，（P＜0．01），…     

单纯性肥胖儿童心理行为及智商的调查

[目的]探讨单纯性肥胖症对儿童心理行为及智商的影响.[方法]应用儿童适应行为评定量表和韦氏学龄儿童智力量表对单纯性肥胖组和对照组儿童各182名(年龄7～14岁)进行了心理行为和智商的测试.[结果]肥胖组心理行为总得分及各因子得分均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),肥胖组与对照组总平均适应行为商数(ADQ)分别为125.63与170.85,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),并且言语智商(IQ)、操作智商(IQ)及总智商(IQ)肥胖组均低于对照组(P＜0.01).[结论]单纯性肥胖儿童存在着显著的心理障碍并且影响智力的发展.     

安徽省某乡镇4～17岁儿童精神发育迟滞的现患研究

目的 :描述安徽省某乡镇 4～ 17岁儿童精神发育迟滞 (mental retardation,MR)现患率状况 ,分析不同等级 MR儿童出生缺陷与发育障碍的检出率。方法 :对某农村地区 1个乡镇的 2 4个行政村所有常住人口进行入户调查 ,结合线索调查对所有 4～ 17岁疑似智力低下儿童进行智力筛查 ,阳性者进行韦氏智力测验及社会适应性能力评价 ,共筛查出阳性儿童 10 1人 ,确诊为精神发育迟滞为 83人 ,对检出的精神发育迟滞儿童进行体格检查及问卷调查。结果 :该农村地区 4～ 17岁儿童 MR粗检出率为7.31‰ ,男童检出率为 8.0 6‰ ,女童检出率为 6 .2 7‰。 MR女童中 ,重度 MR的构成要多于男性儿童。 10～ 17岁年龄组 MR儿童中 ,中度以上精神发育迟滞的构成高于 4～ 9岁年龄组。出生缺陷和其它发育障碍在 MR儿童中排往前 5位的依次是 :下肢运动障碍、上肢运动障碍、癫痫、马蹄内翻、视力障碍。新生儿期发热、惊厥、肺炎、新生儿窒息在不同 MR等级儿童中的发生有显著性差异。结论 :研究结果为进一步探讨 MR儿童的致病危险因素及制定相关策略提供了科学依据。     

Immunogenicity,safety and tolerability of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in overweight and obese children

Obesity may be a risk factor for increased hospitalization and deaths from infections due to respiratory pathogens. Additionally, obese patients appear to have impaired immunity after some vaccinations. To evaluate the immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in overweight and obese children, 28 overweight/obese pediatric patients and 23 healthy normal weight controls aged 3–14 years received a dose of TIV. Four weeks after vaccine administration, significantly higher seroprotection rates against the A/H1N1 strain were observed among overweight/obese children compared with normal weight controls (p < 0.05). Four months after vaccination, similar or slightly higher seroconversion and seroprotection rates against the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains were detected in overweight/obese than in normal weight children, whereas significantly higher rates of seroconversion and seroprotection against the B strain were found in overweight/obese patients than in normal weight controls (p < 0.05 for seroconversion and seroprotection). Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and fold increase against B strains were significantly higher in overweight/obese patients than in normal weight controls 4 months after vaccine administration (p < 0.01 for GMT values and p < 0.05 for fold increase). The frequency of local and systemic reactions was similar between the groups, and there were no serious adverse events. The results of this study indicate that in overweight and obese children, antibody response to TIV administration is similar or slightly higher than that evidenced in normal weight subjects of similar age and this situation persists for at least 4 months after vaccine administration in the presence of a favorable safety profile.     

Energy expenditure in preadolescent African American and white boys and girls: the Baton Rouge Children's Study

BACKGROUND: Low energy expenditure has been identified as a potential risk factor for body fat gain. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the relations between race, sex, body fat, and energy expenditure. DESIGN: As part of the Baton Rouge Children's Study, energy expenditure was examined in 131 preadolescent African American and white girls and boys, further stratified as obese or lean. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of food were measured by indirect calorimetry. Fat-free mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To account for differences in body size, energy expenditure variables were adjusted with the use of fat-free mass or fat-free mass and fat mass as covariates. RESULTS: The African American children had lower TDEE and RMR than did the white children. A lower level of energy expended in physical activity by the African American girls and a lower RMR in the African American boys accounted for the racial differences in TDEE. The white boys had a higher RMR than did the white girls. The girls had a lower TDEE and expended less energy in activity than did the boys. Energy expended in activity was lower in the obese children. CONCLUSIONS: The African American children expended less energy than did the white children. The obese children spent less time engaged in activity or engaged in lower-intensity activity. Obese children may maintain their obese state by spending less time in physical activity, but they do not have a reduced RMR or thermic effect of food.     

沈阳市某幼儿园3～6岁超重肥胖儿童血清维生素D及影响因素的调查

目的了解沈阳市3~6岁超重肥胖儿童机体维生素D营养状况及其影响因素,为采取预防和干预措施提供参考依据。方法对沈阳市某幼儿园3~6岁全体儿童进行身高、体重测量,根据"IOTF2~18岁儿童少年超重肥胖筛查标准"判断超重肥胖儿童。随机抽取39例超重肥胖儿童和31例体重正常儿童(正常组),检测其血清25-羟维生素D水平,同时对维生素D主要影响因素进行问卷调查。结果超重肥胖儿童血清维生素D水平明显低于正常组(P0.05),并且维生素D缺乏检出率为17.95%,高于正常组(3.32%)。95%儿童能经常饮奶,超重肥胖儿童每天户外活动时间明显低于正常组,血清维生素D水平随户外活动时间增加而升高。结论沈阳市3~6岁超重肥胖儿童血清维生素D水平明显低于体重正常者,其原因与户外活动时间少有关。     

8～12岁单纯性肥胖儿童心功能研究

利用多导生理仪，同步记录心电图、心音图、颈动脉搏动图和心阻抗微分图，测试８～１２岁肥胖儿童９４名，对照组儿童７６名，分析比较有关心功能数据。结果显示肥胖儿童收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、左室射血时间和心搏出量高于对照组儿童，心输出量与对照组比较差异无显著性，心功能指数低于对照组儿童。提示肥胖儿童由于回心血量增加，血压增高，而使心脏前、后负荷加重，心肌收缩力代偿性增强，单位体表面积心输出量下降，部分心功能指标已受到影响。     

3~6岁儿童单纯性肥胖症研究进展

目的了解学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童运动行为特征,为制订肥胖儿童运动处方提供依据。方法随机整群抽取海门市市区、农村各4所幼儿园共30个班级中所有单纯性肥胖儿童,按照1:1配对正常儿童,调查运动行为特征。结果发现肥胖儿童园外体育运动的频率低于非肥胖儿童(χ²=10.766,P＜0.05),放学后留在幼儿园参与大型玩具活动也少(χ²=45.006,P＜0.01), 非肥胖儿童的平均体育运动时间为22.5 min,而正常儿童为28.6 min,肥胖组儿童喜欢散步、跑步、玩球,非肥胖组儿童更喜欢玩球、骑车、跳舞,肥胖组大运动发育商较低。结论肥胖儿童的日常体育运动水平较低、活动时间较短,更倾向于身体移动较小、技巧性较低的运动项目23。     

Prevention of mildly overweight children from development of more overweight condition

BACKGROUND: A follow-up study has reported that not only highly obese but also mildly obese children are becoming heavier during the elementary school children. Then we determined the effect of programs for the screening and treatment of overweight elementary school children whether the programs prevented mildly overweight children from development of more overweight condition. METHODS: Subjects were 40 overweight children who participated in both screening and treatment programs. As controls, only 240 children who participated in the screening program were used. The mean observation periods of the subjects and controls were 14 and 12 months, respectively. RESULTS: In both groups, older and heavier children significantly decreased their indices of overweight (percent relative body weight; %RBW), indicating that mildly obese children worsened their %RBW. However, the incidence of children who worsened their %RBW was significantly lower in the subjects (5 of 40) than in the controls (133 of 240) (P < 0.0001). Finally, the subjects significantly reduced their mean %RBW (P < 0.0001) and the controls significantly worsened it (P = 0.0093). CONCLUSION: The treatment program was found important because it prevents mildly overweight children who may worsen their overweight indices without the program from developing more overweight condition.     

儿童智力和反应抑制功能分析

目的 探讨伴和不伴对立违抗障碍(ODD)的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童智力和反应抑制功能特点,为证明ODD是否会加重ADHD认知损害提供参考依据。方法 2015年1月-2017年11月选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(DSM-5)诊断标准的ADHD共患ODD(ADHD+ODD)、单纯ADHD(ADHD)、以及年龄、性别相匹配的正常健康儿童各30例,采用韦氏儿童智力测试第四版(WSIC-Ⅳ)对其进行智力测试,Stroop效应测试对其反应抑制功能进行评估并进行对比。结果 两病例组在智力测试方面,言语理解、工作记忆、加工速度、认知效率指数、总智商方面均落后于对照组(F=3.663、5.761、5.436、9.468、6.412,P均<0.05);ADHD+ODD组的一般能力指数落后于正常对照组(F=2.751,P<0.05);两病例组在反应抑制功能测试中的字义干扰时间均多于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(F=7.910,P<0.05);两病例组之间智力及反应抑制功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(F=2.703、0.578,P均>0.05)。结论 ADHD儿童智力及反应抑制功能均落后于正常儿童,共病ODD会加重ADHD的儿童一般能力损害,但不会加重反应抑制功能损害。     

Weight status and weight-related behaviors of children commencing school

ObjectiveTo describe the weight status and weight-related behaviors of children commencing school.MethodsThis study is a representative cross-sectional survey of Australian children in their first year of schooling (n = 1141) in 2010. Height and weight were measured, and parents reported their child's diet, physical activity and screen-time.Results18.7% of children were overweight/obese. Compared with non-overweight/obese peers, overweight/obese boys were 1.73 times (95% CI 1.08, 2.79) as likely to exceed recommended screen time and 2.07 times (95% CI 1.11, 3.87) as likely to eat dinner three or more times/week in front of the TV. Overweight/obese girls were twice as likely to have a TV in their bedroom (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.12, 3.59) and usually be rewarded with sweets for good behavior (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.09, 3.51) and were 1.65 times as likely to be inactive (95% CI 1.08, 2.55).ConclusionWe showed that many children begin school with established weight-related behaviors that occur in the home environment. The inclusion of parents and the home environment in intervention strategies will be important to support changes to reduce childhood obesity. The weight status and weight-related behaviors of children entering school may potentially be a general indicator of the overall effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions among preschool-aged children.