大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧探讨

目的:探讨建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧。方法:采用二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植,供体经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注,肝上下腔静脉采用手缝合法进行吻合;门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合;胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合。结果:大鼠原位肝移植52例,手术成功45例(86.5%),1周内存活43例(82.7%),1个月内存活36例(69.2%),供体手术时间(30.6±4.0)min,受体手术时间(46.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(20.0±2.5)min。结论:大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,可为肝移植提供理想的研究手段;良好的肝脏灌注,改进的肝上下腔静脉吻合法可以缩短无肝期,提高大鼠肝移植的生存率。     

改进的大鼠原位肝移植术与相关手术技巧

目的：改进大鼠原位肝移植的手术方式，并总结出相关手术技巧。方法：用改进的二袖套法共建立160例大鼠原位肝移植模型。术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合，肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合，胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果：采用改进的二袖套法进行大鼠原位肝移植，平均供体手术时间46min，修整供肝时间24min，受体无肝期21min，肝上下腔静脉缝合时间13min，门静脉套管时间3min，肝下下腔静脉套管时间4min．胆管插管时间3min。术中和术后24h内主要死亡原因是气胸、麻醉意外、出血，手术成功率92．5％。存活超过24h者，主要死亡原因为感染、胆道梗阻以及移植肝功能失活。结论：制作大鼠原位肝移植模型需要娴熟的显微外科基本功和耐心细致的手术操作。改进的二袖套法具有无肝期短、手术成功率高的优点，是建立该模型的理想术式。     

异种鼠原位肝移植模型的改进

目的:建立金黄地鼠到大鼠异种原位肝移植模型,使异种肝移植模型能够普及应用. 方法:共施行99例金黄地鼠到大鼠原位肝移植,其中44例采用Kamada方法,55例采用改进方法(即受体肝分步切除的二袖套法原位肝移植),对两种术式的操作时间、无肝期及手术成功率等进行了比较. 结果:Kamada方法受体手术时间(44.1±4.5) min、无肝期(17.1±2.2) min、肝下下腔静脉和门静脉套接时间均3.5 min、手术成功率88.6% (39/44),改进方法所需时间分别为(39.2±3.7) min, (13.9±1.2) min, 1 min,手术成功率87.3% (48/55). 结论:改进的受体肝分步切除的二袖套法金黄地鼠到大鼠异种原位肝移植术,能缩短无肝期和手术时间,是异种肝移植研究较简单、易行、稳定的动物模型.     

双套管法大鼠肝移植模型的建立

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植实验中细节和要点,建立一种更高效、稳定的动物模型．方法原二袖套法基础上,综合各种改良术式,经腹主动脉灌注,单线连续外翻缝合吻合肝上下腔静脉,袖套法吻合门静脉和肝下下腔静脉,单管内支架端端吻合胆总管,术中改进细节,减少出血,合理地复温、补液,缩短手术时间和无肝期;观察术后成活率和存活期、结果共制作120例大鼠原位肝移植（不包括预实验）,供体手术时间（17±1．5）min,受体手术时间（37±2．5）min,无肝期为（19±1．5）min．手术成功率94．2％,周存活率90％．结论娴熟的外科操作并精简术式,改进细节,可提高原位肝移植大鼠的成活率和存活期,为实验研究制作高效、稳定的动物模型．     

大鼠原位肝移植模型建立方法的若干问题探讨

目的探讨建立大鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改进的二袖套法行100例Lewis→BN大鼠原位肝移植,术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果供体手术时间(30.9±5.0)min,供肝修整时间(10.0±3.0)min,受体手术时间(50.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(23.0±2.5)min。手术成功率为92%(术后存活2 d以上),1周存活率为87%,1个月存活率为84%。结论通过提高手术技巧,熟悉各种并发症的原因和预防处理措施,可以减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,延长大鼠术后存活时间。     

大鼠原位全肝移植术的手术技巧

目的：探讨用二袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位全肝移植模型的手术技巧。方法：用二袖套法进行了50例原位大鼠全肝移植术。结果：受体无肝期时间平均为17min，术后24h存活率为90％，1周存活率为50％。结论：自制血管袖套和取肝修肝方法的改进，有利于建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型技术的若干改进

目的大鼠原位肝移植的模型技术的改进.方法采用远交系SD和远交系Wistar大鼠,用二袖套法（门静脉和肝下下腔静脉）建立大鼠原位肝移植模型,正式实验60次.结果术中尾静脉建立输液通路,改进了供肝的修剪和受体肝上腔静脉的阻断与吻合方法,修肝平均时间8 min,受体无肝期平均21 min,手术成功率达85%.结论改进的大鼠原位肝移植术操作简便,手术成功率较高,可做为肝移植实验可靠、稳定的动物模型.     

大鼠原位部分肝移植与围手术期处理的技术改进

目的 探讨大鼠原位部分肝移植技术与围手术期处理改进。方法 将”二袖套法”部分肝移植技术在袖套制作、肝叶切除、受体麻醉、肝上下腔静脉吻合、以及围手术期处理等方面进行改进,施行50％部分肝移植手术,观察手术技巧、围手术期处理等因素对部分肝移植大鼠存活率的影响。结果 肝上下腔静脉吻合时间为5—8min,无肝期为11—15min,手术死亡率15．79％,术后24h存活率84．21％,1周存活率63．16％,7d后移植肝重量达原受体大鼠肝脏的92．6％。结论 大鼠年龄、体重、术前状态、精细的术中操作、防止失血、防止术后低血糖的发生是决定大鼠原位部分肝移植成功的关键因素。本研究中的许多改良能有效保障大鼠部分肝移植模型的稳定性。     

双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植术的改进

目的 探讨双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术改进方法。方法 采用自制套管,供受体SD大鼠均取腹部横切口,受体无肝期前预置门静脉缝扎牵引线,肝上下腔静脉采用血管膜端端“三定点”吻合法,门静脉及肝下下腔静脉采用袖套吻合法,用自制“小针沟”排气。结果 行大鼠原位肝移植术96次,其中正式实验40次。改进后正式实验,供体手术时间29min,袖套准备时间10min,受体手术时间51min,无肝期17min;2d存活率95％（38／40）,1周存活率92％（37／40）。结论 ①改进的双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植术可在单人直视下进行,安全确切实用。②所有吻合均应无张力、保持原位,耐心细致的手术操作是模型成功的关键。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技巧

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植术中显微外科的最佳操作方法,分析术后死亡原因及远期胆道并发症的预防。方法采用改良的二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植手术,肝上下腔静脉吻合时保留膈肌环。结果共建立130例大鼠原位肝移植模型,手术成功率91.5%(119/130),7d存活率达83.2%(99/119),3个月生存率77.3%(92/119)。结论应用改良的“二袖套法”建立稳定的大鼠肝移植模型需要轻柔细致的显微手术操作,肝上下腔静脉吻合时保留膈肌环可降低吻合口出血的发生率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.