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1.
目的: 通过前瞻性随机对照研究比较生物反馈和口服DDAVP两种方法对治疗原发性遗尿症(PNE)的效果。方法:将2005.7-2006.1在复旦大学附属儿科医院确诊为PNE的儿童随机分为DDAVP组和生物反馈组,进行1个月的治疗和其后3个月的随访,指标包括排尿日记,尿流率,尿液AQP2。结果:PNE患儿共50例,男26例,女24例;平均年龄8.4±0.9岁。治疗结束和结束后第3个月时生物反馈组总有效率均高于DDAVP组,两组治愈率和复发率无明显差异。生物反馈组治疗结束时最大尿流率和尿量较治疗前明显提高,正常尿流曲线和逼尿肌-括约肌收缩协调人数较治疗前明显增多。晨尿尿液AQP2主要检测到两个条带,均可见遗尿组灰度显著低于对照组。DDAVP组治疗结束时AQP2与治疗前相比有明显增加。结论:生物反馈和DDAVP均是治疗PNE的有效方法。生物反馈治疗在四个月内的总有效率高于DDAVP,值得在PNE儿童中开展使用。生物反馈治疗对改善膀胱-尿道功能紊乱有帮助,而DDAVP则可以提高尿液中AQP2水平。  相似文献   

2.
摘要 目的 比较人工唤醒、闹钟、报警器3种唤醒治疗方式与去氨加压素治疗原发性遗尿症(PNE)患儿的疗效和依从性。方法 纳入首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2012年4月至2013年8月就诊的6~14岁PNE患儿,根据就诊先后顺序分为人工唤醒、闹钟、报警器和去氨加压素组。4组均在基础治疗上给予相应干预,记录遗尿日记。于治疗1、3、6个月随访时,评估疗效、依从性和安全性,并行意向性分析。疗效以遗尿症状好转为评价指标。采用logistic回归分析依从性、遗尿家族史、膀胱容量等因素与疗效的相关性。结果 120例患儿符合纳入和排除标准进入研究,每组各30例。①去氨加压素、报警器、闹钟和人工唤醒组的治疗6个月的总有效率为76.7%、93.3%、56.7%和76.7%,报警器组显著高于闹钟组(P<0.0125);去氨加压素组和报警器组、人工唤醒组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P≥0.0125)。②报警器组27/30例(90.0%)依从性较好,其次为去氨加压素(24/30,80.0%)、人工唤醒(18/30,60.0%)和闹钟组(16/30,53.3%); 报警器组优于人工唤醒组(P=0.007)和闹钟组(P=0.002),报警器组和去氨加压素组差异无统计学意义。③Logistic回归分析结果显示,存在PNE家族史是影响治愈的危险因素(P=0.007,OR=0.204,95%CI: 0.064~0.652)。④报警器组1例出现湿疹,去氨加压素组观察到鼻出血1例,低钠血症2例。结论 报警器、去氨加压素治疗PNE的疗效相近,且依从性和安全性均较好,可作为PNE患儿的首选治疗。  相似文献   

3.
儿童原发性遗尿症应用去氨加压素疗效的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 研究应用去氨加压素(弥凝)治疗儿童原发性遗尿症(PNE)的临床疗效,并探讨其治疗指征。方法 对2003年4月至2006年8月在上海儿童医学中心发育行为儿科被确诊为PNE的160例患儿给予去氨加压素治疗,观察其近期疗效和远期疗效,以及治疗过程中的变化,并采用多因素分析利于疗效的指征。结果 去氨加压素治疗PNE的近期和远期治愈率分别为40.6% (65/160)和28.1%(45/160),停止治疗3个月后的复发率高达57.5%。在治疗的第1个月末,患儿平均遗尿次数迅速减少,由每周(6.38±1.82)次降至每周(3.16±0.95)次;第2~4个月末,平均遗尿次数下降不明显,仅由每周(3.16±0.95)次降至每周(2.54±0.69)次。160例患儿中,85例治疗前从不夜间自行起床排尿,治疗后其中有23例出现夜间自行起床排尿。在治疗的第1个月末,患儿遗尿发生时间中位数明显后推,由原来的凌晨2:00~3:00时推后至清晨4:00~5:00时。回归分析显示降低药物治疗效果的危险因素为遗尿次数多,指每周>7次(RR=3.15,95%CI:2.84~4.64);功能性膀胱容量小,指<5 mL?kg-1(RR=2.92,95%CI:1.86~3.93);遗尿发生时间早,指早于清晨4:00时(RR=1.65,95%CI:1.16~2.55)。结论 应用去氨加压素治疗儿童PNE起效快,近期疗效较好,但复发率较高,使远期疗效降低;选取功能性膀胱容量大、夜间首次遗尿发生在清晨4时以后、遗尿次数少的患儿选用去氨加压素能极大地提高临床疗效。  相似文献   

4.
<正>儿童原发性遗尿症(primary nocturnal enure-sis,PNE)是指超过5岁的儿童发生夜间不自主排尿,且没有6个月以上的不尿床间期,并且除外泌尿系统、神经系统等器质性病变。PNE为儿科常见病,7.5岁儿童发病率可达15.5%,1%的儿童可伴严重日间尿失禁症状~[1]。尽管遗尿症有自愈倾向,  相似文献   

5.
目的 通过Meta分析的方法对不同剂型去氨加压素治疗小儿遗尿症的依从性、疗效和安全性作出评价.方法 通过建立文献纳入及排除标准,制定检索策略,检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、Elsevier、Springer、EBSCO数据库相关文献,获取不同剂型去氨加压素治疗小儿遗尿症的临床试验研究全文,并对文献质量进行评价,使用软件RevMan 5.0对纳入文献进行Meta分析.从有效性、依从性及不良反应发生率评价不同剂型去氨加压素治疗小儿遗尿症的价值.结果 1.去氨加压素片剂与非片剂治疗小儿遗尿症疗效比较无统计学差异(MD=-0.33,95%CI:-0.68~0.01,P=0.06).2.去氨加压素舌下含片治疗小儿遗尿症的疗效与采用去氨加压素片剂比较,差异无统计学意义(MD=-0.02,95%CI:-0.31~0.26,P=0.87).3.去氨加压素舌下含片治疗小儿遗尿症,其依从性显著优于去氨加压素片剂(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.20~4.01,P=0.01).结论 治疗小儿遗尿症的去氨加压素片剂、喷鼻剂和舌下含片3种剂型疗效是相同的,但考虑到儿童的特殊依从性,舌下含片更易为儿童所接受.  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨去氨加压素(DDAVP)治疗单症状遗尿症(MNE)患儿症状和睡眠改善情况.方法 选择2018—2020年门诊就诊的69例MNE患儿进行为期12周的DDAVP治疗随访研究,12周后根据遗尿改善情况将患儿分为治疗改善组和无改善组,分析DDAVP治疗对遗尿症状和睡眠质量的影响.结果 基线入组的69例MNE患儿中,7...  相似文献   

7.
目的采用网状meta分析方法系统性评价去氨加压素、警铃、去氨加压素联合警铃、去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物4种干预措施治疗儿童单症状夜遗尿的疗效。方法系统检索PubMed、Cochrance Library、EMBase和Web of Science数据库,时间截止到2017年8月1日。纳入对比去氨加压素、警铃、去氨加压素联合警铃、去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物中任意2个或以上干预措施治疗儿童单症状夜遗尿症的随机对照试验(RCT)。按照制定好的纳入排除标准进行文献筛选,对最终纳入的RCT进行数据提取和质量评价,利用统计软件R 3.3.2和STATA 14.0完成数据分析。结果纳入15个RCT,共计1 505例患儿。网状meta分析提示,去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物的完全反应率和成功率高于去氨加压素(完全反应率OR=2.8,95%CI:1.5~5.4;成功率OR=3.5,95%CI:1.7~7.5)和警铃(完全反应率OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1~6.6;成功率OR=3.8,95%CI:1.6~9.0);去氨加压素联合警铃成功率高于警铃(OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1~3.4);治疗结束后警铃的复发率明显低于去氨加压素(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.03~0.53)。排序结果显示,去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物治疗后的完全反应率和成功率治疗效果最佳,去氨加压素联合警铃能最大程度降低每周尿床次数,警铃的复发率在4种方案中最低。结论去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物治疗效果明显好于单用警铃或去氨加压素;去氨加压素联合警铃方案比单用警铃或去氨加压素治疗效果略有优势或相近;去氨加压素和警铃治疗效果相近;警铃治疗的复发率最低。  相似文献   

8.
小儿遗尿症(原发性遗尿症)是儿科常见的疾病,可严重损害儿童的自尊,导致严重的心理与可能的精神异常,而成功的治疗可使其自尊正常化,对该病的积极诊治具有重要意义。目前小儿遗尿症无特殊治疗方法,国外常用醋酸去氨加压素(DDAVP)。有人对33例患儿检测其晨8时血浆ADH(抗利尿激素)值并分析其与DDAVP疗效之间的关系,发现效应者ADH均低于4pg/mL,凡≥4pg/mL则无效,且该药价格贵,要求检测ADH,不适宜于基层医院推广。国内曾用苯丙酸诺龙治疗,但有对儿童性腺发育刺激的副作用,现已少用;亦有用盐酸丙咪嗪治疗,因有使用后突然死亡病例的报道,临床现已基本不用。目前较常用的治疗药品有利他林,普鲁本辛等。为了探讨二者对小儿遗尿症的治疗作用,我们观察了二者的临床疗效,现将结果报告如下。  相似文献   

9.
儿童原发性夜间遗尿症治疗的临床随机对照研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Ma J  Zhang YW  Wu H  Jiang F  Jin XM 《中华儿科杂志》2007,45(3):167-171
目的对3种遗尿症治疗方法进行临床随机对照研究,比较各种治疗方法的特点以及对原发性夜间遗尿症儿童的疗效。方法以138例确诊为原发性单一症状性夜间遗尿症的患儿为研究对象,在家长和患儿同意进行4个月的治疗并坚持随访情况下,将其随机分为3组:(1)生理.心理治疗组52例,使用报警器的条件反射训练与其他心理行为治疗整合的一体化方法;(2)药物治疗组46例,口服去氨加压素片剂;(3)综合治疗组40例,同时应用前两种方法治疗。家长和患儿决定暂不治疗或延期治疗的45例患儿归为对照组,并定期随访。对4组患儿4个月治疗结束时,和停止治疗3个月后遗尿的缓解情况进行比较分析。结果生理-心理治疗组的近期和远期治愈率分别为75.0%、71.2%;药物治疗组的近期和远期治愈率分别为47.8%、28.3%;综合治疗组的近期和远期治愈率分别为85.0%、80.0%。生理-心理治疗组与综合治疗组的近期、远期疗效均显著优于药物治疗组(P〈0.01),生理-心理治疗组与综合治疗组的近期远期疗效差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。生理.心理治疗组起效慢、疗效巩固;药物治疗组起效快,停药后复发率高。结论 生理-心理治疗和药物去氨加压素治疗对我国儿童具有良好疗效。生理-心理治疗立足于发展儿童的夜间排尿控制能力,较药物治疗疗效更好,且复发率明显低于药物治疗,值得在国内遗尿症治疗中推广应用。  相似文献   

10.
小儿原发性遗尿症治疗方法选择及疗效评价   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
目的 通过针对病理生理改变治疗方案与常规联合药物治疗方案治疗原发性遗尿症(PNE)的对比研究 ,探讨PNE的合理治疗方法。方法 实验组患儿 92例 ,男 53例 ,女 39例 ,年龄 5~ 1 3 .5岁 ,中位年龄 7.8岁。每周总遗尿次数 5~ 1 8次。根据夜间自然充盈状态的尿动力学、动态脑电图、排尿日记结果 ,将其病理生理变化分成 5型 ,针对各自病理生理特点选择治疗方案 ;对照组 63例 ,男 38例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 5~ 1 4岁 ,中位年龄 8.0岁。每周总遗尿次数 5~ 1 8次 ,直接以DDAVP +奥宁进行联合药物治疗。两组患儿治疗时间 3个月 ,随访 1 2个月 ,年龄、性别构成、尿床次数、遗尿量、遗尿发生的时间无差异。结果 疗程结束后第 3个月随访 ,实验组治愈率为 78.3 % ,对照组为68.3 % ,疗效无差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;第 6个月随访 ,实验组治愈率 67.3 % ,对照组 50 .1 % ,疗效有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;第 1 2个月随访 ,实验组治愈率 65 .2 % ,对照组 39.7% ,疗效显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 针对病理生理改变而制定的治疗方案是治疗PNE合理治疗方案  相似文献   

11.
目的 评估心理行为疗法对儿童单症状性夜间遗尿症(MNE)的疗效.方法 对2007年4月-2009年3月在武汉市儿童医院遗尿专科门诊确诊的194例MNE患儿进行心理行为治疗:1.对患儿进行心理疏导;2.对家长在生活管理上进行指导;3.定时训练患儿的膀胱排尿功能;4.定时闹钟唤醒治疗.对所有患儿共随访1 a,对治疗前和治疗6个月时的遗尿频率、每周平均夜间自行起床排尿次数进行比较,并统计1 a后的治疗有效率.采用SPSS 15.0软件对数据进行统计学处理.结果 治疗前MNE患儿平均遗尿频率为每周(5.91±1.29)次,治疗6个月时为每周(2.84±0.81)次,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.59,P<0.05).治疗前平均夜间自行起床排尿次数为每周(1.22±0.35)次,治疗6个月时为每周(5.72±1.38)次,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.12,P<0.05).1 a后65例(33.5%)治愈,76例(39.2%)好转,53例(27.3%)无效.结论 心理行为治疗儿童MNE疗效肯定,但仍存在较高的复发率,需对部分患儿采用药物联合治疗,才能取得更好的远期疗效.  相似文献   

12.
原发性遗尿症与血清血管升压素的相关性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨血清血管升压素(ADH)和原发性遗尿症(PNE)发病的相关性。方法用酶联免疫吸附法前瞻性测定18例(男10例,女8例;年龄5~14岁,平均8.06岁)PNE患儿和20例5~14岁(平均年龄8.15岁)(男10例,女10例)健康儿童的白天(3Pm)及夜间(1Am)血清ADH水平,并测定同时间血渗透压。结果对照组1Am的ADH水平较3Pm的ADH水平明显上升,差异具有显著性(P=0.002);病例组在1Am和3Pm的ADH水平差异无显著性(P=0.834);与对照组比较,病例组3Pm的ADH水平差异无显著性(P=1.0),而1Am则明显降低(P=0)。晨尿(6~7Am)渗透压病例组明显低于对照组(P=0.023),而白天尿(3Pm)渗透压二组之间差异无显著性(P=1.0);而血渗透压二组均相对稳定(P=0.430,0.578)。结论PNE患儿存在夜间ADH分泌不足。  相似文献   

13.
目的 探讨遗尿报警器治疗学龄前儿童原发性单症状性夜遗尿症的疗效。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年7月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收治的中重度原发性单症状性夜遗尿症患儿95例,年龄3.5~6.0岁。按照随机分组的方法,其中治疗组53例采用遗尿报警器治疗,对照组42例采用基础治疗。治疗3个月或达到连续干床14d(治疗成功)停止。治疗成功者停止治疗1个月,记录复发例数。重新报警器治疗3个月,观察疗效。结果 治疗组7例(13.2%)未达疗程退出,余46例中治疗完全有效(FR)29例,部分有效(PR)7例,治疗无效(NR)10例。其中FR组25例治疗成功,治疗成功所需疗程最短42d。治疗成功者停止治疗1个月,复发例数11例。8例重新使用报警器治疗3个月,均可达到治疗完全有效。对照组3例(7.1%)失访,39例观察3个月,均未达到连续干床14 d。对照组FR 0例,PR 17例,NR 22例。两组治疗完全有效率采用Fisher精确概率法检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=55.10,P=0.00)。报警器治疗NR组,5例(50%)患儿年龄<4岁,而FR+PR组,仅有3例(8.3%)年龄<4岁,采用P earson卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.457,P=0.007)。入组患儿均未发现严重不良反应。结论 遗尿报警器治疗学龄前儿童原发性单症状性夜遗尿症患儿安全、 有效,报警器干预的年龄以4岁以上为宜。报警器是逐渐起效的,获得成功治疗的时间>1个月。  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT. Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a very common problem in pediatric and child psychiatric practice. Many treatments have been tried, but none has proved entirely successful. Uristop®, a commercially available alarm device based on a theory somewhat different from those used in the common alarm devices, was tried in a prospective randomized double-blind study. Of 134 enuretic children who were examined on an out-patient ward, 53 were selected for inclusion in this study on the basis of certain criteria. The children were randomized either in a treatment group with a functioning device, or in a control group with a nonfunctioning device. They used their devices for 6 weeks and were followed for an additional 12 weeks. The sex, age, history of previous urinary tract infection (UTI) or treatment of PNE and a family history of PNE were compared between the groups and no statistical differences were found. In the control group, however, there was significantly more often a history of upsetting life events and previous child psychiatric contact. This difference was not considered as having any effect on the results. The results showed that the device had no effect on the study group as compared with the control group. However, both groups improved significantly as compared with the expected sponaneous cessation of bedwetting.  相似文献   

15.
??Objective??To explore the effect of intermediate-long term therapy with desmopressin acetate??DA??in treating children with enuresis. Methods??Totally 320 PMNE children treated with DA aged 5-15 years from November 2013 to March 2016 were included. The cases who stopped wetting bed for 2 months within 3-6 months of treatment were observed.According to convenience sampling method??the observed patients were divided into gradually withdraw??GW?? group and immediate withdraw??DW?? group. GW group use taper therapy and DA was gradually withdrawn within 9 months. In DW group DA was withdrawn immediately. The relapse cases were recorded 1 month after discontinuation of DA in the two groups. Compare the relapse and severity of enuresis. Results??Response of DA??full response??FR?? in 224 cases??70.1%????partial response??PR?? in 73 cases??23.0%?? and no response??NR?? in 23 cases??6.9%??. Totally 133 cases??continuously 2 months of dry bed?? were up to withdrawal criteria in 3-6 months. Totally 26 cases were lost follow-up and 107 cases were observed??63 cases were included in GW group and 36 cases had DA withdrawal within 9 months??44 cases were included in DW group. The relapse cases were 37 cases??84.1%?? in DW group??and GW group??8 cases ??22.2%??. The relapse rate was significantly different between the two groups. No obvious adverse events were observed in 27 cases with DA treatment for 1 year. Moderate- severe enuresis cases of the recurrence ones and the cases treated for 1 year were significantly higher than those of the non-recurrent cases. Conclusion??DA is a safe and effective way to treat PMNE. Gradually withdrawing the DA in intermediate-long term treatment can obviously decrease the recurrence of PMNE. The recurrence rate is higher in moderate- severe enuresis than that of mild cases.  相似文献   

16.
生物反馈治疗在原发性遗尿症患儿中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,生物反馈治疗作为一种新的行为治疗方法在原发性遗尿症患儿中逐渐得到应用,主要应用于膀胱功能紊乱,尤其是逼尿肌-括约肌收缩不协调的患儿。治疗模式主要包括膀胱生物反馈训练、排尿生物反馈治疗及交互式电脑游戏生物反馈。治疗的频率一般为每周1-2次,效果随访时间至少3个月。疗效评估指标主要依据临床症状改善情况、尿动力学及残余尿改变情况等。治疗效果与患儿的依从性、理解力、膀胱容量及便秘习惯等因素有关。  相似文献   

17.
目的总结股薄肌成形术联合肛门排便训练治疗患儿大便失禁的操作经验和远期疗效。方法回顾性分析1996年4月-2011年4月本院收治的23例行股薄肌成形术联合术后排便训练的大便失禁患儿病例资料。其中男14例,女9例;初发19例,复发4例。先天性无肛行肛门成形术14例,先天性巨结肠术后大便失禁7例,外伤2例。大便失禁患儿分为3组,其中完全失禁6例,稀便失禁8例,肛周污便9例。23例患儿均进行了股薄肌成形术并术后肛门排便训练。术后定期随访,分别测量术前和术后2周、6个月和2 a各组患儿的肛门静息压和最大收缩压,并用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行对比分析。结果 23例患儿均成功实施了股薄肌成形术,并坚持术后的排便训练,术后通过2~14 a随访,主观症状效果明显满意者13例,有效7例,完全无效者3例,满意率达86.95%(20/23例)。各组患者术后肛门静息压和最大收缩压较术前均有明显改善(Pa<0.05),经过肛门排便训练2 a后测值较术后早期有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论股薄肌成形术联合术后肛门排便训练能够有效改善小儿大便失禁的症状和生活质量。实用儿科临床杂志,2012,27(6):465-466,472  相似文献   

18.
??Objective To investigate self-consciousness and its relevant factors in children with primary nocturnal enuresis??PNE???? to know the characteristics of children with PNE who may appear self-consciousness disorders?? and to analyze the related influencing factors of self-consciousness disorders in those children who have primary nocturnal enuresis. Methods In Beijing Children’s Hospital??Capital Medical University??a total of 158 children with primary nocturnal enuresis were recruited to the enuretic group from August 2011 to August 2014. Subjective questionnaire was used to collect the general information??get the medical history of enuresis. Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale??PHCSS?? was used to test the patients’ self-consciousness??and compare with the general norm data of healthy children so as to evaluate the patients’ self-consciousness. Results The detection rate of PNE children with low self-consciousness was significantly higher than the general norm data of healthy children. In children with PNE??the scores of behavior??intelligence and school situation??physical appearance and attributes and the total score in boys were much lower than girls??and boys had higher incidence of self-consciousness disorder than those of girls. All factor scores and the total score in the older group were much lower than those in the younger group. The factor score of happiness and satisfaction in PNE children of single parent family was lower than that in core family and large family. All factor scores and the total score in PNE children with poor family relationship were lower than those with harmonious family relationship. The factor scores of physical appearance and attributes??gregariousness??happiness and satisfaction and the total score in PNE children with moderate or poor family economic status were much lower than those with good family economic status. The worse the academic performance and peer relations??the lower the self-consciousness scale factor scores and total score of PNE children. Those results were statistically significant??P??0.05??. Conclusion PNE children have lower self awareness than healthy children. Pediatricians should treat enuresis actively and reduce the occurrence of self-consciousness dysfunction.  相似文献   

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