Habib4X双极射频辅助无肾动脉阻断腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的临床分析

目的 探讨Habib 4X双极射频辅助无肾动脉阻断腹腔镜肾部分切除术的临床效果.方法 2010年10月至2011年6月采用Habib 4X双极射频辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with radiofrequency ablation,LRA)和腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,LPN)治疗肾肿瘤(T1N0M0)患者14例,肿瘤均为外向型生长.LRA组6例,男4例,女2例;年龄38 ～75岁,平均60岁;肿瘤位于左肾3例,右肾3例;肾上极2例、中极2例、下极2例;肿瘤最大径2.1 ～3.5 cm,平均3.1 cm.LPN组8例,男4例,女4例;年龄36 ～ 77岁,平均61岁;肿瘤位于左肾3例,右肾5例;肾上极3例、中极2例、下极3例;肿瘤最大径2.0～3.7 cm,平均3.0 cm.记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症等指标,比较手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧肾小球滤过率(glomeruar filtration rate,GFR)的变化. 结果 14例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术者.LRA组无需阻断肾蒂,手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧GFR比较分别为(127±19)和(124±19) g/L、(96 ±39)和(92±29) μmol/L、(42±12)和(40±13) ml/min,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LPN组术中阻断肾动脉20 ～ 52 min,平均31.5 min.手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧GFR分别为(130 ±17)和(112±15) g/L,(92 ±31)和(110±28)μmol/L,(43 ±14)和(30 ±11)ml/min,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).LRA组和LPN组手术时间分别为(86±20)min、(112 ±43)min,术中出血量分别为(94±18) ml、(256 ±58)ml,术后住院时间分别为(5.0±0.8)d、(7.8±1.2)d,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).LRA组术后无出血、肉眼血尿和漏尿等并发症. 结论 Habib 4X双极射频辅助腹腔镜无肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤安全有效,在手术时间、术中出血量和术后恢复等方面均优于LPN.     

后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗小肾肿瘤的初步报告

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗小肾肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 肾肿瘤患者10例,共11个肿瘤.肿瘤位于左肾3例、右肾6例、双肾1例;肾上极2例、中极6例、下极3例.均经CT或MRI检查证实:肿瘤直径平均2.8(1.5～4.0)cm,远离集合系统,无远处转移.临床分期均为T1aN0M0.实验室检查Hb(137±21)g/L、红细胞沉降率(ESR)(27±12)mm/1 h、SCr(92±41)μmol/L、GFR(42±10)ml/min.均采用后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗.术中常规行穿刺病理检查. 结果 10例患者手术均成功,平均手术时间(101±31)min,平均出血量(42±21)ml.未发生腹腔镜手术相关并发症.术后平均住院(4±2)d.术后Hb(129±18)g/L,ESR(31±14)mm/1 h,SCr(95±39)μmol/L,患肾GFR(40±11)ml/min,与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病理检查,11个肿瘤中透明细胞癌8个、乳头状肾细胞癌2个、血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1个.10例平均随访16(6～21)个月.术后第1、3和6个月复查MRI,肿瘤冷冻区域呈梗死、无信号增强、逐渐消散等演变过程.术后6个月肿瘤冷冻区域活检1例阴性.无局部复发或远处转移病例.结论 后腹腔镜下冷冻消融治疗小肾肿瘤安全有效,远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察.     

腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的临床疗效比较

目的 比较腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的临床疗效.方法 2005年4月至2008年5月先后采用腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾细胞癌66例.射频消融组37例,治疗39次.男30例,女7例,平均年龄62岁.肿瘤位于左肾13例,右肾22例,双肾2例.肿瘤最大径2.1～8.5 cm.其中T_1N_0M_032例,T2N0M07例.肾部分切除组29例.男19例,女10例,平均年龄61岁.肿瘤最大径2.0～4.5 cm,平均2.8 cm.统计学比较2组手术前后Hb、红细胞沉降率、SCr、患侧GFR及手术时间、术中平均出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率等指标.结果 68例次手术均获成功,无中转开放者.射频消融组和肾部分切除组Hb、红细胞沉降率、SCr、患侧GFR与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组手术时间分别为(87±22)、(146±45)min,术中出血量分别为(46±27)、(274±269)ml,术后住院时间分别为(5±1)、(10±2)d,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).射频消融组术后无明显腹腔镜相关并发症,术后6周39个肾癌病灶完全消融37个(94.9%),消融不全2个;肾部分切除组术后出现漏尿1例,2周后自行愈合.66例术后平均随访20(3～36)个月,无复发及死亡者.结论 腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融治疗肾癌安全有效.在手术时间、术中出血量和术后恢复等方面优于腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗完全内生型肾肿瘤的疗效比较

目的比较机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术(RAPN)与腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗完全内生型肾肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年6月南昌大学第一附属医院行RAPN或LPN的73例完全内生型肾肿瘤患者的临床资料。RAPN组29例, 男21例, 女8例;年龄(48.6±13.7)岁, 肿瘤最大径(2.9±0.9)cm;左侧13例, 右侧16例;R.E.N.A.L.评分(9.2±1.0)分;术前估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)(82.6±10.7) ml/(min·1.73 m2)。LPN组44例, 男27例, 女17例;年龄(50.1±12.3)岁;肿瘤最大径(2.9±0.9)cm;左侧24例, 右侧20例;R.E.N.A.L.评分(9.1±1.3)分;术前eGFR(81.7±9.6) ml/(min·1.73 m2)。两组术前一般资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后3个月eGFR变化情况。结果两组均无中转开放及根治手术病例。RAPN组与LPN组手术时间[140(80, 160) min与150...     

腹腔镜下肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术治疗cT1期肾癌的疗效及对肾功能的影响

目的 分析腹腔镜下肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗cT1期肾癌(RCC)的疗效及对病人肾功能的影响。方法 2014年1月～2019年1月收治的cT1期RCC病人108例,根据手术方法将其分为LPN组与腹腔镜根治性肾切除术(LRN)组,比较两组围术期相关指标、病人术后肾功能,并发症发生情况,随访2～24个月,统计两组病死率。结果 LPN组手术时间(120.65±20.36)分钟、术中出血量(124.65±19.47)ml,术后进食时间(1.59±0.36)天,LRN组分别为(86.63±17.85)分钟、(113.64±17.74)ml、(1.18±0.32)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LPN组引流管拔除时间(4.26±1.14)天、术后住院时间(8.71±2.27)天,LRN组分别为(4.03±1.02)天、(8.16±2.15)天,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组血肌酐(SCr)均较术前显著上升(P<0.05),肾小球滤过率(eGRF)水平较术前显著下降(P&...     

腹腔镜与开放性肾部分切除术治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(LPN)与开放性肾部分切除术(OPN)治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年10月～2017年12月我院收治的72例保留肾单位手术(NSS)患者的临床资料,其中行LPN 38例(LPN组),行OPN 34例(OPN组)。比较两组病例的手术时间、肾脏热缺血时间、术中出血量、术区引流管留置时间、手术切口长度、术后住院时间及患肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化,以及术后随访6～36个月有无肿瘤复发情况。结果:LPN组与OPN组患者术后引流管留置时间和患肾GFR值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。LPN组在术中出血量、手术切口长度及术后住院时间等方面均优于OPN组(P0.05),而术中肾脏热缺血时间长于OPN组(P0.05)。术后随访6～36个月,未见局部复发,均无转移。结论:尽管LPN术中肾缺血时间稍长,但与OPN相比,LPN治疗早期局限性肾肿瘤具有手术创伤小、恢复快、更微创,是一种更好的治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗肾门唇部肿瘤的临床对比分析

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜对肾门唇部肿瘤行保留肾单位手术的临床疗效对比及手术经验。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年8月我院行保留肾单位微创手术治疗的68例肾门唇部肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中前唇肿瘤45例,后唇肿瘤23例。肿瘤直径1.5～8.0cm,平均4.2cm。行机器人手术38例(机器人组),腹腔镜手术30例(腹腔镜组)。结果:68例手术均顺利进行,平均手术时间93min(60～180min,不包含机器人装机时间),平均肾动脉阻断时间21.6(7～44)min,平均术中出血量156(20～600)ml,平均术后引流管拔除时间4(3～6)d,平均术后住院5.3(4～9)d,未出现明显术后并发症。中位随访13.5(3～32)个月,无复发、转移、死亡病例。与腹腔镜相比,机器人手术可明显减少手术时间(P<0.001)和术中出血量(P=0.011);机器人组与腹腔镜组肾动脉阻断时间分别为(19.0±6.5)min和(25.0±7.4)min(P=0.001),住院费用分别为(5.2±0.4)万元和(3.7±0.4)万元(P<0.001)。结论:肾门肿瘤采用微创保留肾单位手术进行治疗是安全可行的。与传统腹腔镜相比,机器人手术的住院费用增加,但对于治疗肾门肿瘤优势明显,可以显著缩短热缺血时间,减少术中出血量,使患者得到最大程度的获益。     

微波消融辅助后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗中危肾肿瘤

目的:应用微波消融辅助后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(MWA-LPN)治疗中危肾肿瘤(PADUA评分8～9分),以缩短肾脏热缺血时间,保护肾功能。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月～2017年8月我院收治中危肾肿瘤患者157例,79例行微波消融辅助后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(MWA-LPN组),另78例行腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN组),比较两组手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院天数及肾功能等临床指标。结果:所有手术均获成功,无中转开放。MWA-LPN组和LPN组平均手术时间分别为(90.3±31.9) min、(100.9±23.2) min;平均热缺血时间分别为(10.6±4.1) min、(18.6±2.9) min;术后平均住院天数分别为(4.8±0.9) d、(5.5±1.3) d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。MWA-LPN组和LPN组术中平均出血量分别为(132.8±66.7) ml、(129.5±142.4) ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义;两组术后切缘病理均阴性,Scr及eGFR比较差异无统计学意义。MWA-LPN组术后尿瘘1例,血尿1例,切口愈合不良1例,发热2例;LPN组术后尿瘘1例,血尿2例,发热2例,两组比较差异无统计学意义。本组随访12～55个月,平均(26.9±10.6)个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。结论:MWA-LPN具有热缺血时间短、术后恢复快等优点,是一种可供选择的安全、有效的治疗中危肾肿瘤术式,但其远期疗效尚需大样本对照研究和长期随访观察。     

腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗T1肾癌

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗T1肾癌的方法和疗效. 方法 肾癌患者32例.男24例,女8例.年龄31～72岁,平均49岁.均经B超、CT或MRI检查确诊为T1N0M0肾癌.肿瘤位于左肾21例,右肾11例;肾上极10例,下极13例,肾脏中部5例,近肾盂部位4例;偏背侧18例,腹侧14例.肿瘤平均直径(2.8±0.8)cm.25例行后腹腔途经,肿瘤位于偏腹侧者7例行经腹途径腹腔镜下保留肾单位术,均沿瘤体边缘外0.5 cm处分离切除肿瘤.手术前后行肾核素扫描(ECT)检测分肾功能. 结果 31例完成腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术,1例因缝合后肾脏渗血明显,中转开放手术.32例阻断肾蒂时间平均(24±4)min.3例开放血流后有明显渗血,均有2次阻断肾蒂史,阻断血管时间>30 min.31例平均手术时间(105±15)min,平均出血量(120±22)ml,6例术中输血400 ml.5例肿瘤位于肾脏中部者术前放置双J管.3例切除肿瘤后暴露肾盏,于术后当日通过膀胱镜放置双J管引流,其中2例于术后2～3 d发生漏尿,引流量200～300 ml,分别于术后15、21 d引流液<20 ml后拔出负压引流管后愈合.术后复查SCr、BUN均正常.术后住院时间平均(9±2)d.术后病理报告切缘均未见肿瘤残留.平均随访(23±5)个月,肿瘤无复发.术后1个月B超和CT复查发现患侧肾手术部位局部血肿3例,术后3个月血肿吸收.术后15 d复查双肾ECT,9例患侧肾血流较术前下降10%～15%,3例下降20%;术后1个月复查,7例患侧肾血流较术前下降10%～15%,术后(23±5)个月复查.仍有3例患侧肾血流较术前下降10%～15%. 结论 腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术安全可行.     

超选择性肾分支动脉栓塞联合零缺血后LPN对T1期肾癌患者术后肾功能影响

目的探讨数字减影技术(DSA)超选择性肾分支动脉栓塞联合零缺血后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗T1期肾癌的安全性及对患者肾功能的影响。方法选择2017年5月至2020年4月在本院因T1期肾癌行后LPN的39例患者, 术前1～12 h先在介入手术室行DSA超选择性肾肿瘤靶动脉栓塞, 然后再行后腹腔镜下零缺血肾部分切除术。对患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复所需时间、术后住院时间等进行分析, 比较术前24 h和术后24 h、7 d、30 d的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)水平, 同时对患者术前及术后6个月的分肾小球滤过率(GFR)结果进行分析。结果所有手术均成功完成。患者手术时间为(123.2±7.6) min, 术中出血量为(108.5±66.3)mL, 术后胃肠道功能恢复时间为(2.5±0.6)d, 术后住院时间为(7.6±1.5)d。术前及术后的Scr、BUN水平比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6个月患肾的GFR为(45.6±8.4)mL/min, 较术前的(59.0±9.5)mL/min降低(P<0.001), 而健侧肾的术后GFR...     

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus laparoscopic cryoablation for multiple ipsilateral renal tumors

BACKGROUND: Management of multiple ipsilateral renal tumors is a dilemma in clinical practice. The effects of minimally invasive nephron-sparing procedures in this group of patients have not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical feasibility and outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) for multiple ipsilateral renal tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Between September 1999 and December 2006, 27 patients were treated with minimally invasive nephron sparing surgery (LPN or LCA) for synchronous multiple ipsilateral renal tumors in a single operating session at our institution. Fourteen patients with 28 tumors underwent LPN, and 13 patients with 31 tumors underwent LCA as the sole treatment modality. INTERVENTION: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, intraoperative, postoperative, and intermediate-term follow-up data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Patients in the LPN group had fewer tumors (2 vs. 2.4, p=0.04) and larger dominant tumor size (3.6 vs. 2.5 cm, p=0.005) in the affected kidney and lower preoperative serum creatinine levels (1 vs. 1.4 mg/dl, p=0.02). Compared to the LCA group, patients in the LPN group had greater estimated blood loss (200 vs. 125 ml, p=0.02) and longer hospital stays (90 vs. 52.3h, p=0.02). There were no open conversions, and no kidneys were lost. Complication rate, renal functional outcomes, and intermediate-term cancer-specific survival rates were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both LPN and LCA are viable options for patients with multiple ipsilateral renal tumors in select patients. Renal functional outcomes, complication rates, and intermediate-term survival rates are comparable between the two groups in this small series.     

Comparison of laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy in clinical T1a renal tumors

PURPOSE: Partial nephrectomy has been established as a standard of care for T(1a) renal tumors. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) has been described as more difficult to perform than open partial nephrectomy (OPN). We compare our series of LPN and OPN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 2002 to January 2006, 76 LPNs were performed for patients with clinical T(1a) tumors. These patients were matched with a cohort of patients who underwent OPN for solitary tumors of 4 cm or smaller in diameter. The cohorts were compared with regard to demographics, perioperative data, and outcomes. RESULTS: The patient populations were demographically similar. Although mean tumor size was smaller in the laparoscopic cohort (2.5 v 2.9 cm, P=0.002), the OPN cohort demonstrated shorter operative (193 v 225 min, P=0.004) and ischemia times (20.5 v 32.8 min). LPN was associated with less blood loss (212 v 385 mL, P<0.001) and shorter hospital stay (2.5 v 5.6 days, P<0.001), however. One positive margin occurred in each of the LPN and OPN cohorts. Intraoperative complications were similar, although LPN was associated with fewer postoperative complications. Of note, two LPN (2.6%) patients had emergent reoperation and complete nephrectomy because of postoperative hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increased operative and ischemia times, LPN patients demonstrated quicker recovery and fewer postoperative complications. Two patients in the LPN group, however, had emergent complete nephrectomy because of hemorrhage. We conclude that LPN is still an evolving alternative to OPN in patients with small renal tumors.     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾脏早期占位性病变的临床研究（附47例报告）

目的：探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾脏早期占位性病变的临床效果。方法：2004年6月～2011年1月对47例早期肾占位性病变患者行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术,其中恶性病变43例,可疑恶性病变4例。结果：47例手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术和后腹腔镜肾根治性切除术。平均手术时间（105±21．4）min（75～140min）,平均肾动脉阻断时间（24±6．5）min（17～40min）,平均出血量（160±74）ml（70～600m1）。术后病理检查报告为透明细胞癌39例,其中1例术后病理检查结果证实切缘阳性;肾嫌色细胞癌2例;肾嗜酸细胞瘤2例;肾脏囊性病变4例。术后主要并发症为迟发性出血1例,尿瘘2例。随访1～78个月,平均（32±10．6）个月,均未见局部复发和远处转移。结论：对于腹腔镜技术熟练的操作者而言,后腹腔镜’肾部分切除术可以作为治疗早期肾脏占位性病变的首选。手术过程中的一些焦点问题仍需要深入探讨。     

Tumour in solitary kidney: laparoscopic partial nephrectomy vs laparoscopic cryoablation

Study Type – Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Tumour in a solitary functioning kidney represents an absolute indication for nephron‐sparing surgery whenever technically feasible. We report the longest follow‐up data comparing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic cryoablation in patients with solitary kidney with oncological follow‐up to five years.

OBJECTIVES

? We compare perioperative, functional and intermediate‐term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) for small renal tumour in patients with a solitary kidney. ? A treatment algorithm is also proposed.

PATIENT AND METHODS

? Over a 10‐year period (02/1998‐09/2008), 78 patients with a small tumour in a functionally solitary kidney underwent LPN (n= 48) or LCA (n= 30). ? Baseline, perioperative, and follow‐up data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS

? Demographic data were similar between the LPN and LCA groups. Tumours were somewhat larger (3.2 vs 2.6 cm) in the LPN group. LPN was associated with greater blood loss (391 vs 162 mL; P= 0.003), and trended towards more post‐operative complications (22.9% vs 6.7%; P= 0.07). ? By 3 months post‐operative, eGFR decreased by 14.5% and 7.3% after LPN and LCA, respectively (P= 0.02). Post‐operative temporary dialysis was required after 3 LPN (6.2% vs 0%, P= 0.16). ? Median follow‐up time for LPN and LCA was 42.7 and 60.2 months, respectively. ? Local recurrence was detected in 4 (13.3%) LCA patients only (P= 0.02). ? Overall survival was comparable between LPN and LCA at 3 and 5 years, respectively (P= 0.74). The LPN group had superior cancer‐specific and recurrence‐free survival at 3 and 5 years compared to the LCA group (P < 0.05, for all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONS

? Given adequate technical expertise, both LPN and LCA are viable nephron‐sparing options for patients with tumour in a solitary kidney. ? Although LCA is technically easier and has superior functional outcomes, oncologic outcomes are superior after LPN.     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤

目的:探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤的手术技巧。方法:采用后腹腔镜技术对9例肾错构瘤和2例局限性肾癌患者分别行肿瘤剜除术和肾楔形切除术。肿瘤直径1.5~3.0cm,平均2.5cm。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数和围手术期并发症及手术效果。结果:11例手术均获得成功。平均手术时间110min,平均出血量70ml,平均术后住院时间5天。围手术期无并发症。病理检查2例恶性肿瘤切缘阴性,平均随访10个月无局部复发。结论:后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤安全可行,创伤小,恢复快,能有效切除肿瘤和保留肾功能。     

A matched-cohort comparison of laparoscopic cryoablation and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for treating renal masses

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical outcomes of elderly patients with renal masses treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 15 patients who had LCA at the authors' institution between May 2003 and July 2005 were included, and compared with a matched cohort of 15 patients selected by patient age and tumour size, from a pre-existing database of 104 patients who had LPN from July 2002 to July 2005. The two groups were compared for gender, number of comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA), body mass index (BMI), baseline renal function and haematocrit, location and size of lesion, length of stay, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, number and type of complications, conversion rate, and postoperative renal function and haematocrit. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in age, sex, BMI, ASA, baseline renal function, haematocrit, size and side of tumour, the percentage of exophytic tumours, and the likelihood of more than one comorbidity. Surgical outcomes between the groups were also relatively similar. The length of stay, creatinine and haematocrit levels after surgery did not differ between the groups. The LPN group had a significantly longer operation (248 vs 152 min, P < 0.001) and higher EBL (222 vs 59 mL, P = 0.007) than the LCA group, but only one patient required a transfusion and there was no discernible difference in discharge haematocrit values. No recurrences were detected in either group, with a similar mean follow-up of 9.8 and 11.9 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although this matched-cohort comparison showed that LPN had a higher mean EBL, a longer operation and higher relative risk of open conversion, the overall clinical outcome was similar in terms of complication rates, length of stay and changes in creatinine and haematocrit after surgery. In this small retrospective evaluation, there was similar morbidity, treatment outcome and short-term efficacy with LCA and LPN. At present, although still experimental, LCA is a good choice for elderly patients with comorbidities precluding blood loss or renal ischaemia. However, in experienced hands, LPN is a preferred option for most elderly patients and should be considered when contemplating definitive treatment of renal masses.     

腹腔镜肾部分切除术（附160例报告）

目的：介绍我院行腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）的体会。方法：2004年1月～2009年11月采用腹腔镜经腹腔或后腹腔途径对160例肾肿瘤患者行LPN。局限性肾透明细胞癌135例,乳头状肾细胞癌6例,嫌色细胞癌2例,嗜酸细胞腺瘤2例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤15例,肿瘤直径4．1cm（2．0～6．0cm）。左侧86例,右侧74例。观察手术时间、术中出血量、住院大数、并发症及手术效果。结果：160例手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间70min（40～150min）,152例患者平均血管阻断时间26min（20～55min）,8例患者未阻断肾血管。术中平均出血量75ml（10～300m1）。4例术后出现迟发出血,予以保守治疗。2例术后出现漏尿。平均住院时间7．5天（6～15天）。随访2～70个月肿瘤无复发。结论：LPN安全、有效,对肿瘤压迫集合系统的,腔镜下缝合也是安全有效的,随着手术技术的熟练,对复杂肾肿瘤行LPN,肾脏功能保留和肿瘤控制效果逐渐提高。