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目的 比较不同机械通气方式对胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)患儿的治疗作用及并发症的发生.方法 河北省儿童医院新生儿科重症监护室2006年7月至2008年7月收治的84例氧合指数(OI)≥15的重症胎粪吸入综合征患儿随机分为3组:A组25例患儿采用高频振荡(HFOV)模式治疗;B组29例患儿采用同步间歇正压联合容量保证(SIPPV+VG)模式治疗:C组30例采用间歇指令通气(IMV)模式治疗.比较3组治疗前后各时间点OI、动脉,肺泡氧分压比值(a/APO2)的变化,并对3组患儿的氧暴露时间、机械通气时间,以及肺气漏、呼吸机相关性肺炎、Ⅲ度以上颅内出血等并发症的发生率进行比较.结果 A组与B组在机械通气24h后OI和a/APO2值均与0h差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而C组直到72 h方与0 h时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组与B组各时间点相比差异均无统计学意义.A组与B组相比,氧暴露时间和上呼吸机时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但是A组与C组、B组与C组相比在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).不仅如此,A组与C组、B组与C组相比,肺气漏与呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Ⅲ度以上颅内出血的发生率3组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HFOV、SIPPV+VG通气模式与IMV比较,可以较快改善MAS的氧合,缩短氧暴露时间和呼吸机使用时间,降低肺气漏和呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生,可作为更有效、更安全的抢救性治疗手段.     

吸入低浓度一氧化氮对胎粪吸入综合征患儿机体抗氧化能力的影响

目的 探讨吸入低浓度一氧化氮(iNO)对胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)患儿机体氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响.方法 将我院新生儿科病房的55例MAS患儿随机分为机械通气+iNO组(A组,n=25)、机械通气组(B组,n=30),并选择我院同期的健康足月新生儿为对照组(C组,n=30).iNO前A、B组均接受气管插管、气管内吸痰、机械通气及静脉滴注抗生素等一般治疗.A组于入院后1～2 h给予iNO治疗,分别在0、24、72 h监测各组患儿静脉血血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平.结果 三组患儿一般情况比较差异无显著性.随着NO吸入.A组SOD、T-AOC渐增高,MDA含量降低(P＜0.05).B组SOD在24 h降低,而在72 h呈增高改变,MDA含量变化与之相反,T-AOC呈渐增高改变(P＜0.05).A组机械通气时间及氧暴露时间分别为(77.38±13.97)h与(158.70±47.23)h,明显低于B组[(104.27±10.53)h与(202.15±61.92)h],差异有显著性(P＜0.05),但两组患儿病死率及气漏、肺出血、颅内出血(Ⅱ～Ⅳ级)的发生率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 iNO可减少机械通气及氧暴露时间.MAS患儿体内存在不同程度的氧化-抗氧化失衡,iNO多显示抗氧化活性,有助于机体氧化-抗氧化平衡的调节,对机体具有保护性作用.     

外源性肺表面活性物质对胎粪吸入综合征肺表面活性物质相关蛋白的影响

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(PS)对胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)、肺表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平的影响,以及PS对氧合、气体交换的影响.方法 需要机械通气辅助呼吸的MAS患儿,按照随机数字法随机分为PS组和对照组,分别在治疗0、24 h和48 h检测两组患儿BALF中SP-A、SP-D和TGF-β1的含量,并同时记录动脉血气、呼吸机参数,计算氧合指数(oxygen index,OI)和动脉/肺泡氧分压比值(a/APO2).结果 共入选45例,PS治疗组22例,对照组23例.两组胎龄、出生体质量和入院日龄差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(1)治疗开始时两组患儿BALF中SP-A、SP-D、TGF-β1含量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗24、48 h后,PS组患儿BALF中SP-A、SP-D含量逐渐升高,明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);TGF-β含量PS组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).(2)PS治疗组机械通气时间和氧暴露时间分别为(71.1±6.1)h、(130.6±20.3)h,明显低于对照组(113.6±21.4)h、(148.6±21.5)h,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)PS组气漏发生例数低于对照组,但经统计学处理差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.581,P=0.209);病死率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(X2=4.557,P=0.033).结论 外源性PS治疗MAS通过抑制TGF-β1释放,从而抑制肺部炎症反应减轻了肺损伤.同时应用外源性PS治疗MAS,改善了氧合,并缩短了氧暴露和机械通气的时间,降低了病死率.     

肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿重症胎粪吸入综合征的临床研究

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗重症胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的临床疗效.方法 将83例重症MAS病例随机分成两组,41例作治疗组,在机械通气及常规治疗的同时应用PS150～240 mg/kg治疗;42例患儿作对照组,给予机械通气及常规治疗,观察两组患儿的氧合功能、病程及预后.结果 治疗后的不同时期,治疗组患儿的氧合指数(OI)低于对照组(1 h t=2.521,12 h t=3.423,24 h t=3.372,36 h,t=3.823,P＜0.05);动脉/肺泡氧分压比值(a/APO2)高于对照组(1 h t=2.47,P＜0.05,12 h t=3.724,P＜0.05,24 h t=3.923,P＜0.01,36 h t=2.783,P＜0.05);治疗组呼吸机参数能早下调,机械通气时间、住院时间、并发气胸和呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)均显著少于对照组(t=5.15,9.52,χ2=8.38,11.7,P＜0.05).结论 PS能有效改善MAS患儿的肺氧合功能,缩短机械通气时间及住院时间,减少气胸及VAP的并发症,提高存活率.     

高频振荡通气联用一氧化氮吸入在新生儿气胸中的应用

目的 探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)联用一氧化氮(NO)吸入治疗新生儿气胸的疗效.方法 选择2003年7月-2008年10月本院新生儿科收治的37例气胸新生儿,均行床边X线胸片,提示肺组织压缩均超过60%,在出现气胸后均接受胸腔闭式引流及机械通气.37例气胸新生儿依治疗方法不同分为2组:HFOV组和HFOV+NO组.HFOV组17例,在出现气胸后机械通气模式选择HFOV治疗;HFOV+NO组20例,在给予HFOV治疗的同时吸入NO,吸入NO水平为(5～15)×10-6.2组在治疗2 h、12 h、24 h 及以后每24 h行血气分析,并详细记录呼吸机参数,计算氧合指数(OI),持续监测NO/NO2水平.结果 2组治疗后2 h氧合情况持续改善,OI值、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、平均呼吸道压均逐渐降低,动脉血氧分压均升高,但HFOV+NO组较HFOV组改善更显著(Pa＜0.05).HFOV+NO组上机时间(88.2±19.8) h,使用FiO2≥0.8时间(5.4±3.5) h;HFOV组上机时间(105.8±22.5) h,使用FiO2≥0.8时间(15.7±8.2) h.2组在上机时间、使用高浓度氧时间方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05).结论 HFOV 联用NO吸入治疗新生儿气胸可迅速改善氧合,纠正低氧血症,缩短高浓度氧及呼吸机使用时间,提高抢救成功率.     

肺表面活性物质辅助治疗严重羊水吸入性肺炎肺氧合功能变化

目的 观察肺表面活性物质(PS)辅助治疗羊水吸入性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的肺氧合功能变化.方法 将我院新生儿重症监护室2006年1月至2008年3月收治的羊水吸入性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患儿40例分成两组,其中20例为治疗组,20例为对照组.两组均行机械通气及常规治疗.治疗组在气管插管后,从气管插管内注入PS(固尔苏Curosuff,初始剂量100～200 mg/kg),观察治疗后不同时间两组患儿的氧合指数(OI)及动脉/肺泡氧分压比值(a/APO2)变化.结果 治疗后1、12、24及36 h,治疗组OI均低于对照组,a/APO2均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01).治疗组病程包括上呼吸机时间、用氧时间及住院天数均短于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 应用PS辅助治疗严重羊水吸入性肺炎,能有效改善肺氧合功能.     

一氧化氮吸入治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的随机对照研究

目的 观察吸入低浓度一氧化氮(NO)治疗胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的疗效和安全性.方法 46名氧合指数(OI)≥15的重症MAS患儿入选试验,采用随机数字法随机分为NO组(NO,n=21)和对照组(C,n=25),所有患儿均在本院NICU接受机械通气同步间歇指令模式(SIMV)治疗.NO组吸入NO初始剂量15 ppm,吸入1 h如血氧饱和度(SpO2)提高＞10%,动脉血PaO2提高＞10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)判定为有效(否则判定为无效,增加吸入NO的浓度,最多不超过20 ppm).两组均监测0、1、24 h的动脉血气和体循环血压、肺动脉压,记录吸氧浓度、氧合指数、呼吸机参数、呼吸机应用时间、氧暴露时间,吸入NO 12～24 h测定血高铁血红蛋白浓度.结果 NO组和对照组在1 h和24 h,OI差异有统计学意义(F=181.77,P＜0.01);NO组患儿在吸入NO后1 h氧合指数即与0 h时对照差异有统计学意义(F=35.27,P＜0.01),而对照组直至24 h与0 h比较,差异才有统计学意义(F=20.16,P＜0.01);随着NO的持续吸入,NO组肺动脉压力逐渐下降,而体循环收缩压无明显改变(P＞0.05),两组间肺动脉压力在1 h(t=2.41,P＜0.05)、24 h(t=3.11,P＜0.01)差异均有统计学意义;血高铁血红蛋白浓度未发现异常增高;两组间住院天数(t=2.86,P＜0.05)、氧暴露时间(t=2.53,P＜0.05)、机械通气时间(t=2.41,P＜0.05)差异均有统计学意义,而死亡率(χ2=0.21,P＞0.05),和颅内出血的发生率(χ2=0.00,P＞0.05)差异无统计学意义.结论 吸入NO治疗重症MAS能较迅速改善氧合,缩短呼吸机应用时间、氧暴露时间及住院天数,并未增加主要并发症的发生.     

胎粪吸入综合征临床治疗的评价

目的 对胎粪吸人综合征(MAS)患儿应用高频通气(HFV)、肺表面活性物质(PS)及常频通气(CMV)治疗的疗效进行评价.方法 20例诊断为MAS的患儿,按治疗方法分为CMV、HFV和PS三组.通过动态观察生命体征、血气变化和计算氧合指数(OI)及吸入氧浓度(FIO2)的变化柬评价疗效.结果 三组患儿用呼吸机时间差异无统计学意义.治疗后6 h的OI比较,CMV组与PS组差异有统计学意义(13.03±3.7和8.82±2.8,t=2.22,P=0.05);PS组与HFV组比较差异有统计学意义(8.82±2.8和13.29±3.3,t=2.59,P＜0.05).三组患儿不同时段的OI组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MAS患儿应用PS、HFV和CMV治疗效果比较,用PS治疗后氧合改善明显;三组患儿应用呼吸机时间及治疗结果相同.     

高频震荡通气联合一氧化氮治疗重症胎粪吸入综合征

目的 探讨高频震荡通气(high frequency oscillatory ventilation,HFOV)联合吸入一氧化氮(inhaled nitric oxide,iNO)治疗重症新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS)的临床疗效.方法 2008年10月至2011年5月期间入住我科的60例重症MAS患儿,出生后均需机械通气治疗,上机前氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)均＞30.根据通气模式的不同,将60例患儿随机分为HFOV组、常频通气(conventional mechanical ventilation,CMV)组和HFOV+ iNO组,每组各20例,并比较3组的疗效,包括OI值、肺气漏及肺动脉高压的发生率.结果 机械通气治疗24h后,HFOV组及HFOV+ iNO组患儿较CMV组OI值明显降低(19.0±4.5 vs 11.0±5.3 vs 25.0±7.1,P＜0.05),并且HFOV+ iNO组在治疗4h后OI即出现明显下降(36.0±7.4至24.0±5.2).CMV组患儿肺气漏发生率为25％(5/20),HFOV组及HFOV+ iNO组均无肺气漏发生;HFOV组肺动脉高压发生率为30％(6/20),CMV组肺动脉高压发生率为40％(8/20),HFOV+ iNO组无一例发生肺动脉高压.结论 HFOV联合iNO是治疗重症MAS首选机械通气策略,两者合用疗效最佳.     

猪肺表面活性物质治疗胎粪吸入综合征的多中心随机对照研究

目的在中国19家新生儿重症监护病房开展猪肺表面活性物质治疗足月儿或近足月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)多中心随机对照临床试验,判断其疗效和安全性。方法61例重症MAS患儿在生后36h内入选试验,随机分为表面活性物质治疗组(PS,n=31)和对照组(C,n=30)。PS首剂给药量为200mg/(kg·w),重复给药时追加剂量为200、100、100mg/kg。主要疗效评估指标为PS治疗后24h氧合指数(OI)小于10,动脉/肺泡氧分压比值(a/APO2)较用药前基础值增加100%;次要评估指标为机械通气时间、并发症发生率和存活出院的患儿数。结果两组患儿一般临床特征相似。在随机化治疗后24h,与C组相比,PS组平均OI值降低(10.9vs.8.1)、有较多患儿a/APO2较基础值增加100%(48%vs.83%,P<0.01)、PaO2/FiO2曲线下面积更大[(3762±1877)vs.(2715±1644)mmHg·h(P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa)]。在治疗的3、7天,上述参数PS组仍优于C组。两组间在机械通气时间、主要并发症发生率和存活率上差异无统计学意义。结论表面活性物质治疗重症MAS能改善氧合,不增加并发症的发生。     

Partial liquid ventilation and nitric oxide in experimental acute lung injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) on oxygenation and pulmonary haemodynamics in acute lung injury (ALI), and to assess their effects on lung function, systemic haemodynamics and lung injury. METHODS: Using saline lung lavage, ALI was induced in 18 piglets. A control group was ventilated with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) for 2 h. An iNO-first group received iNO for the first hour and then iNO with PLV. A PLV-first group received PLV for the first hour and then PLV with iNO. Variables were measured at baseline, 5 min postlavage, and at 1 h and 2 h postlavage. RESULTS: During the first hour, both treatment groups showed improvement in oxygenation index (OI). At 2 h, the dif-ferences in OI were statistically significant (P = 0.037), with a mean +/- SD of 23.8 +/- 20.7 in the control group, 4.4 +/- 0.9 in the PLV-first group and 6.5 +/- 3.1 in the iNO-first group. The OI was similar in both treatment groups (P = 0.178). At 2 h, the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was significantly different (P = 0.04) between groups, with a mean +/- SD PAP of 36.3 +/- 7.2 mmHg in the control group, 27.4 +/- 4.0 mmHg in the PLV-first group and 30.0 +/- 4.1 mmHg in the iNO-first group. The PAP was similar in both treatment groups (P = 0.319). CONCLUSION: In ALI, oxygenation and pulmonary hypertension are improved with PLV and iNO given together, regardless of the order in which they are commenced.     

Efficacy of three treatment schedules in severe meconium aspiration syndrome

Aim: To compare three different schedules in severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) treatment: standard, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with diluted surfactant, and diluted surfactant BAL plus a single early dexamethasone dose. Methods: Twenty-four full-term newborns with severe MAS (needing mechanical ventilation and with oxygenation index ≥15) were divided into three groups: group I (historical control group; n = 6) treated with standard therapy; group II (n = 7) treated in the first hours of life with one BAL using diluted surfactant (beractant 5 mg/mL) in a volume of 15 mL/kg in four aliquots; and group III (n = 11) treated with one diluted surfactant BAL and a previous single dose of intravenous dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) Results: At 12 h, groups II and III showed a significant improvement in oxygenation index (OI) compared with group I (14.7% and 27.0% vs -19.6% respectively; p = 0.012). Group III also showed a significantly lower OI than group I at 24 h (63.6% vs -27.9%) and at 48 h (87.1% vs 49.6%). Group III, in comparison to group I, showed a lower FiO ₂ requirement at 12 h (0.66 vs 1), at 24 h (0.4 vs 0.87) and at 48 h (0.35 vs 0.67), and a decrease in the number of days of inhaled nitric oxide administration, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy and hospitalisation period. All patients from groups II and III survived and none developed pneumothorax or respiratory infections.

Conclusion: Diluted surfactant BAL in the first hours of life combined with an intravenous single dose of dexamethasone may be an effective treatment for severe MAS.     

比例辅助通气对重症胎粪吸入幼兔肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-8水平的影响

目的探讨比例辅助通气(PAV)对胎粪吸入幼兔肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平的影响。方法将30只日龄20～30天的幼兔随机分为灌入胎粪后实施PAV组和灌入胎粪后实施同步间歇指令通气(SIMV)组,并与胎粪吸入不予通气组(MAS组)及灌生理盐水组(对照组)进行比较,各组分别于8h后处死,ELISA法检测肺组织匀浆及肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-8的含量。结果 (1)肺组织湿干比PAV组(7.81±0.52)、SIMV组(8.79±0.96)、MAS组(7.12±0.74)均高于对照组(4.22±0.30),SIMV组高于PAV组和MAS组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);PAV组与MAS组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)PAV组、SIMV组和MAS组肺组织匀浆TNF-α含量(pg/ml)[(872.6±104.0)、(973.9±114.5)和(707.1±39.1)]及IL-8含量(pg/ml)[(787.0±89.3)、(872.9±87.0)和(641.4±60.3)]均高于对照组[(401.1±74.5)和(381.3±63.3)],SIMV组高于PAV组和MAS组,PAV组高于MAS组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(3)PAV组、SIMV组及MAS组肺泡灌洗液TNF-a含量[(644.4±89.3)、(787.1±100.6)和(536.0±28.5)]均高于对照组(301.8±75.9),SIMV组高于PAV组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);PAV组、SIMV组及MAS组IL-8含量[(653.0±93.3)、(744.7±81.8)和(532.4±60.1)]均高于对照组(280.9±70.8),SIMV组高于PAV组和MAS组,PAV组高于MAS组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论胎粪在炎症反应中可促进TNF-α、IL-8释放,PAV治疗MAS时所致肺损伤程度较SIMV小。     

Changes in oxygenation and pulmonary haemodynamics in preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide

AIM—To investigate changes in various cardiorespiratory variables with inhaled nitric oxide (NO), as part of a randomised controlled trial.METHODS—Infants were treated with inhaled NO for 72 hours. Changes in oxygenation were assessed using the oxygenation index (OI). Serial changes in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were assessed using the Doppler derived acceleration time to right ventricular ejection time ratio (AT:RVET). Doppler measurements of right ventricular output, pulmonary blood flow, and systolic PAP was performed in a subset of infants.RESULTS—Twenty infants received inhaled NO and 22 acted as controls. Infants were treated at a median dose of 5 (range 5 to 20) ppm. There was a fall in median OI by 17% in treated infants within 30 minutes of treatment. The fall in OI in treated infants was significantly different from the response in controls until 96 hours. Infants treated with inhaled NO showed a rapid response with a median rise in AT:RVET of 0.04 (range ?0.06 to 0.12) within 30 minutes. The change in AT:RVET was significantly different from controls until 4 hours. Median systolic PAP also fell in treated infants by 6.1 (range ?14.4 to ?4.4) mm Hg within 1 hour. Changes in OI were significantly associated with changes in PBF (r = 0.44), but not with changes in AT:RVET.CONCLUSION—Treatment with inhaled NO rapidly improves oxygenation and lowers PAP in preterm infants. However, these effects are transient and treatment does not influence long term outcome.     

Plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate reflecting the severity of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the plasma concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and pulmonary pressure and hypoxia defined by oxygenation index (OI) in newborn infants with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) on inhaled nitric oxide (NO). In this prospective study, 18 newborn infants having Doppler ultrasound-diagnosed PPHN and treated with NO were investigated. The ratio of pulmonary artery to systemic artery pressure (PAP/SAP) and OI was assessed before treatment and at 0.5, 1, 12, and 24 h from the beginning of NO. At these time points, plasma concentrations of cGMP could be determined in 11 patients. The association of birth asphyxia as assessed by Apgar 1 min and 5 min and plasma cGMP before the NO treatment was examined. The initial median plasma concentration of cGMP was 37.3 pmol/ml (IQR 13.3-79.6). After the start of NO, cGMP increased significantly within 60 min (p = 0.003) and peaked at 12 h. Initial plasma cGMP was associated with Apgar score (1 and 5 min). OI decreased within 30 min of NO and PAP/SAP within 60 min. Persistent high PAP/SAP after 1 h of NO was associated with low cGMP concentration (r = 0.70, p = 0.02). We conclude that a significant increase in plasma cGMP is already evident after 60 min of NO therapy. This effect is accompanied by changes in oxygenation index and in pulmonary artery pressure. Initial plasma concentrations of cGMP were associated with hypoxia assessed as Apgar score.     

Effects of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency ventilation in rabbits with meconium aspiration

Aim: To evaluate effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in experimental meconium aspiration treated with high-frequency (HFV) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Ventilated adult rabbits had meconium instilled intratracheally resulting in respiratory failure as evidenced by more than 50% reduction of dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and increase in mean oxygenation index (OI) from 1 to 16. The animals were then allocated to 2 groups treated without (control) or with iNO at 20 ppm (NO). In each group the animals were initially ventilated with CMV or HFV mode for 3 h and then in a crossover fashion with HFV or CMV for another 3 h (CMV-->HFV, HFV-->CMV), respectively. In the first 3 h of treatment, the animals subjected to HFV-CMV in the control, and those with both HFV-CMV and CMV-HFV in the NO group had significantly reduced OI. In the subsequent 3 h, the animals in the control group with CMV-HFV did not improve in OI and those with HFV-CMV had deteriorated. In the NO group with both CMV-HFV and HFV-CMV moderate improvement of OI was observed. Platelet aggregation capability and counts were significantly decreased and bleeding time prolonged in animals receiving iNO treatment. These results suggest that both HFV alone and a combined treatment of iNO with either CMV or HFV are more effective in improving blood oxygenation than that of CMV in this animal model. The influence of iNO on platelet aggregation should be considered.     

长期吸入低浓度一氧化氮在支气管肺发育不良治疗中的安全性研究

目的：探讨吸入一氧化氮(inhaled nitric oxide,iNO)治疗支气管肺发育不良的疗效及安全性。方法收集2012年1月至2013年12月在我院新生儿科收治的确诊支气管肺发育不良患儿65例,根据是否给予iNO治疗,将患儿分为iNO治疗组35例及对照组30例。动态观察iNO治疗前后两组患儿的心率、血压、给氧时间、辅助通气时间、住院时间、NO2浓度、高铁血红蛋白浓度及凝血功能的变化。结果 iNO治疗组与对照组患儿的吸氧时间[(37±9)d vs.(55±7)d],辅助通气时间[(29±7)d vs.(35±9)d]及住院时间[(45±9)d vs.(54±7)d]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗过程中两组患儿的心率、血压、凝血功能无明显变化;iNO治疗组和对照组患儿脑室内出血(28例vs.25例),动脉导管未闭(19例vs.17例),坏死性小肠结肠炎(9例vs.5例)的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);iNO 组患儿早产儿视网膜病变的发生率(21例 vs.25例)差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论长期iNO可以缩短吸氧时间、辅助通气时间,对心血管和凝血功能无明显不良反应,不增加颅内出血、早产儿视网膜病变等的发生。