精神心理因素在肠易激综合征中的作用

精神心理因素异常是肠易激综合征（IBS）的发病机制之一，但其具体机制尚未完全明了。多数研究发现IBS患者伴随不同程度和类型的精神心理异常，经历过更多的负性生活事件，表现出一些异常的行为特征，但各地的研究结论存有一定差异。目前的研究多集中于精神心理异常是如何改变脑一肠轴的功能，从而参与IBS的发生、发展。在IBS的治疗中，精神药物和心理疗法都表现出一定的作用，但不是决定性的，其疗效尚需更多的循证医学证据来证明。     

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Post-Infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Campylobacter Enteritis

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Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Following acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to bacteria, viruses, or protozoa, a subset of patients develop new onset Rome criteria positive irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), called postinfection IBS (PI-IBS). The pooled prevalence of PI-IBS following AGE was 11.5%. PI-IBS is the best natural model that suggests that a subset of patients with IBS may have an organic basis. Several factors are associated with a greater risk of development of PI-IBS following AGE including female sex, younger age, smoking, severity of AGE, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, treatment with antibiotics, anxiety, depression, somatization, neuroticism, recent adverse life events, hypochondriasis, extroversion, negative illness beliefs, history of stress, sleep disturbance, and family history of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), currently called disorder of gut-brain interaction. Most patients with PI-IBS present with either diarrhea-predominant IBS or the mixed subtype of IBS, and overlap with other FGIDs, such as functional dyspepsia is common. The drugs used to treat non-constipation IBS may also be useful in PI-IBS treatment. Since randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of drugs to treat PI-IBS are rare, more studies are needed on this issue.     

Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Opinion statement  

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Increases the Risk of Epilepsy: A Population-Based Study

An abnormal interaction in the brain–gut axis is regarded as the cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We attempted to determine the association between IBS and subsequent development of epilepsy.A total of 32,122 patients diagnosed with IBS between 2000 and 2011 were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database as the study cohort, and 63,295 controls were randomly selected from the insurants without IBS and frequency-matched according to age, sex, and index year as the comparison cohort. Both cohorts were followed up until the end of 2011 to measure the incidence of epilepsy. We analyzed the risks of epilepsy using Cox proportional hazards regression models.The IBS patients had greater cumulative incidence of epilepsy than the cohort without IBS (log-rank test, P < 0.001 and 2.54 versus 1.86 per 1000 person-years). The IBS cohort had a higher risk of epilepsy after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, head injury, depression, systemic lupus erythematosus, brain tumor, and antidepressants usage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.45). Stratified by the presence of other risk factors, the relative risk was also greater for patients with (aHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10–1.41) or without other risk factors (aHR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.35–2.10) in the IBS cohort than for those in the non-IBS cohort. The age-specific relative risk of epilepsy in the IBS cohort was greater than that in the non-IBS cohort for both 35 to 49 age group and 50 to 64 age group (age ≤ 34, aHR:1.31, 95% CI: 0.93–1.85; age 35–49, aHR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12–1.83; age 50–64, aHR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.27–1.91). However, there was no difference between patients > 65 years with IBS and those without IBS (aHR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94–1.31).This population-based cohort study revealed that IBS increases the risk of developing epilepsy. However, IBS may be less influential than other risk factors. Further study is necessary to clarify whether IBS is a risk factor or an epiphenomenon for epilepsy development.     

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Extraintestinal symptoms are often found in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies suggest that IBS is associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. But it is still arguable that the bronchial hyperresponsiveness is associated with IBS patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between IBS and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Forty-two patients with IBS and 42 control subjects were included in this study. All patients underwent pulmonary function, methacholine challenge, and skin prick tests. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to percentage of all pulmonary function test parameters, including FEV₁%, FCV%, FVC/FEV₁, and FEF_{25 − 75}%. Only two persons in the alternating-type IBS patient group and one person in the control group tested positive in the methacholine provocation test. But all PC₂₀ values were above 16 mg/ml. These results do not demonstrate a relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and IBS. However, a relationship might exist in a subpopulation of IBS patients.     

胃肠起搏治疗肠易激综合征疗效观察

背景：肠易激综合征（IBS）是临床常见消化系统疾病，业已证实胃肠动力障碍是其病因之一。胃肠起搏是近年兴起的治疗胃肠动力障碍性疾病的新方法，但其疗效尚不明确。目的：评价胃肠起搏治疗IBS的疗效。方法：60例符合罗马Ⅱ标准的IBS患者随机分为2组，治疗组予胃肠起搏治疗，每周5天，每天50min．疗程4周；对照组服用谷维素20mg tid，疗程4周。治疗前后进行胃肠道症状评分。结果：胃肠起搏治疗对IBS患者腹痛和（或）腹部不适程度和频度、腹胀程度和频度以及排便次数和粪便性状的改善具有显著疗效（P〈0．05），但对异常排便疗效不明显（P〉0．05）。结论：胃肠起搏能明显改善IBS患者的胃肠道症状，是一种较好的治疗方法。     

肠易激综合征患者直肠肛门动力学研究

为了研究肠易激综合征患者肛门运动功能，我们测定了５０例ＩＢＳ患者在１１例正常人直肠肛门压力衣排便功能；发现：（１）直肠静息压，肛门括约肌静息压及其最大缩窄压在ＩＢＳ腹泻组，便秘组及正常对照组组均无显著差异。（２）肛管高压带长度在ＩＢＳ腹泻组及便秘组均显著高于正常对照组。（３）直肠壶腹部的感觉阈值，最大耐受量等，在ＩＢＳ腹泻组均显著低于正常对照组。（４）ＩＢＳ便秘组感觉阈值与正常对照组差异，但其最大