原发性开角型青光眼HRT视盘参数和视野缺损的关系

目的 :探讨原发性开角型青光眼视盘参数和视野平均缺损之间的关系。方法 :用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪和自动视野计测定 5 5名原发性开角型青光眼患者的视盘参数 (杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视杯容积、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓和平均神经纤维层厚度 )和静态光阈值。视盘参数与视野平均缺损作相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果 :盘沿面积与平均缺损显著相关 (r =0 3 5 0 ,P <0 0 5 )。盘沿面积每减少 1mm2 ,视野缺损绝对值增加 8 0 81dB。本研究没有发现其它 6个参数与平均缺损相关关系的显著性。结论 :盘沿面积在HRT众多参数中最能反映青光眼的视野平均缺损程度。     

正常人与原发性开角型青光眼和闭角型青光眼视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的比较

目的:比较正常人和青光眼(原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)、闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG))间视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的差异。方法:选择年龄、屈光度数相匹配的正常人135例135眼、POAG58例101眼、PACG50例81眼。利用海德堡眼底照相机采集受试者30°眼底彩色照片,并用计算机图像处理软件测量青光眼患者垂直杯盘比,利用卡方检验分析不同程度青光眼损伤的患者眼底β区发生率与垂直杯盘比的关系。结果:正常人、POAG和PACGβ区发生率分别为23.0%,69.3%和49.4%(χ2=51.3,P=0.000);POAG的β区发生率高于PACG(χ2=7.5,P=0.005)。三组人群β区最多见于水平颞侧象限,鼻侧象限最少(χ2=19.4,P=0.000;χ2=50.3,P=0.000;χ2=11.7,P=0.009);POAG组中,视神经损伤较重组的β区发生率明显高于较轻组(χ2=14.0,P=0.000);PACG组中,视神经损伤较重组β区发生率与较轻组无明显差异(χ2=0.6,P=0.287)。结论:POAG和PACGβ区发生率高于正常人,POAGβ区发生率高于PACG。视神经损伤较重组POAG眼相对于较轻组更易发生β区。     

HRT视盘参数在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的作用

目的:在众多海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(heidelberg retina tomogragh,HRT)测定的视盘参数中,筛选出最有助于青光眼早期诊断的视盘参数。方法:用HRT测定23例视野损害较轻的青光眼患者和23例正常人的视盘参数(杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视杯容积、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓和平均神经纤维层厚度)作逐步判别分析。结果:盘沿面积和杯盘面积比对青光眼早期诊断最有帮助,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为87%和96%。结论:本组资料盘沿面积和杯盘面积比是区分青光眼和正常眼最好的判别因素。     

抗青光眼新药葛根素滴眼液的研究进展

葛根素滴眼液 (puerarin eye drops)是含 10 g· L- 1中药有效成分纯品 -葛根素 (puerarin)的新型抗青光眼药物 ,用于治疗慢性单纯性青光眼 ,安全有效。本文将就其临床前研究和临床研究的主要结果作简要介绍。1　理化性状葛根素是由豆科植物野葛 (pueraria lobata)甘葛藤(puerarin thomsonii)根中提出的一种黄酮苷 [1 ]。化学名 :4,7-二羟基 - 8-β- D-葡萄糖基异黄酮 [4H - 1- bengopyran- 4- one,3- β- D- gluxcopyranosy1- T- hydroxy- 3- (4 - hydroxypheny) ]。该品为白色针状结晶 ,能溶于水 ,但溶解度低 (6 .2 4g· L- 1 ) ,水溶…     

原发性开角型青光眼和可疑开角型青光眼HRT视盘参数与视野缺损的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性开角型青光眼和可疑性开角型青光眼的视盘参数与视野平均缺损（Mean defect，MD）之间的相关性。方法用海德堡激光眼底扫描仪（HRT—Ⅱ）和自动视野计测定128只原发性开角型青光眼和78只可疑性开角型青光眼患者的视盘参数和静态视网膜光阈值。从视盘参数中选择盘沿面积（rim area，RA）、杯盘面积比（cup／disk area ratio，C/D AR）、视杯面积（cup area，CA）和平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度（mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness，mRNFLT）与MD作相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果两组间的视盘参数存在显著性差异（P〈0．001）。在原发性开角型青光眼组，RA、C/D AR和CA与MD之间均显著相关（P〈0．001）。其中盘沿面积每减少1mm^2，MD的绝对值将增加7．291dB；在可疑性开角型青光眼组，RA与MD之间显著相关（P〈0．001）。两组中mRNFLT与MD无明显相关性。结论在HRT-Ⅱ的各项视盘参数中，RA最能反映青光眼的视野平均缺损程度。     

原发性开角型青光眼 HRT 视盘参数与视野缺损计分的关系

目的探讨原发性开角型青光眼(primary open an-gle glaucoma,POAG)病例的海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(Hei-delberg retinal tomoscanner,HRT-Ⅱ)视盘参数与视野缺损计分的关系。方法对29例(30眼)POAG患者采用HRT-Ⅱ进行视盘检测;采用Humphrey视野计进行视野检查,运用AGIS计分系统并稍加改动对视野缺损情况进行计分,HRT参数包括视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比、线性杯/盘比、平均视杯深度、视盘最大深度、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视杯形态测量,将HRT视盘参数与视野计分进行相关统计学处理。结果HRT视盘参数中盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视杯形态测量与视野缺损计分有直线相关关系。对视盘参数与视野计分进行逐步回归筛选变量时盘沿面积被选入,建立回归方程Y=12.351-5.123X(Y表示视野缺损计分,X表示盘沿面积)。结论POAG的视盘参数中盘沿面积与视野缺损计分关系最密切,视野缺损计分能对视野损害程度进行准确量化。     

原发性开角型青光眼视盘旁萎缩弧β区5年变化研究

目的：探讨原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)视盘旁萎缩弧β区的变化和POAG进展之间的关系。

方法：本研究为回顾性病例研究。对POAG 44例66眼进行5a的随访,其基线和5a随访时的所拍摄的眼底照片用于视盘形态学的评估。本研究对前后视盘旁萎缩弧β(β区)的变化和青光眼进展进行判断,并且用计算机软件测量了POAG患者基线和随访时盘沿/视盘面积比、β区/视盘面积比、垂直杯盘比。

结果：基线时66眼POAG眼有48眼存在β区,其中β区扩大20眼(42%)。β区扩大组和无变化组之间基线的年龄,屈光,性别,垂直杯盘比,盘沿/视盘面积比,β区/视盘面积比之间无统计学差异。排除屈光度数大于-3.00D的眼后,19例无进展青光眼中β区扩大4例(21%),25例进展青光眼中β区扩大15例(60%),两者之间有显著统计学差异(χ²=6.67,P=0.011)。

结论：POAG中有β区扩大组青光眼进展率大于无扩大组,β区的变化可能对POAG病情的进展有预测作用。     

原发性开角型青光眼HRT视盘结构参数与视野缺损相关性研究

目的探讨出现视野缺损与未出现视野缺损的原发性开角型青光眼视盘结构参数的异同及视盘参数与视野平均缺损（MD）的相关性。方法应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪（HRT-Ⅱ）和Octopus101视野G2程序对29例（50只眼）原发性开角型青光眼患者进行检查,对出现视野缺损与未出现视野缺损的原发性开角型青光眼视盘结构参数进行比较,检测结果进行t检验;对出现视野缺损的原发性开角型青光眼组的视盘各参数与视野平均缺损进行简单相关分析。结果视野出现缺损组与未出现缺损组的原发性开角型青光眼患者的视盘参数除视盘面积和轮廓线高度变化值外,其余各视盘参数间差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）;对出现视野缺损的原发性开角型青光眼患者HRT视盘各参数与MD进行相关分析显示,盘沿面积与MD间相关性最强（r=0．65,P=0．001）。结论HRT视盘参数能够较准确反映与视野损害相一致的青光眼性视盘改变,盘沿面积在HRT众多参数中最能反映青光眼的视野平均缺损程度。     

正常眼与原发性开角型青光眼的OCT视盘参数分析的对比研究

目的使用OCT评估正常眼与原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)视盘(opticnerve head,ONH)的差异。方法选择具有青光眼性视神经损害或RNFL缺损、相应的视野缺损的开角型青光眼60例(60只眼),另选择正常眼60例(60只眼)作为正常对照组。对二组患者进行详细的眼科检查,并使用光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测定视盘形态。OCT检查采用视盘扫描模式,评估数据包括视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、垂直盘沿面积(vertical integrated rim area,VIRA)、水平盘沿容积、平均杯盘比、水平和垂直杯盘比以及视杯容积。比较二组视盘参数,并比较平均误差(mean deviation,MD)和校正模型标准变异(correc-ted pattern standard deviation CPSD)与青光眼组的视盘参数有无相关。结果原发性开角型青和正常组之间视盘参数的比较具有显著性差异。正常眼、POAG比较分别为:视盘面积(211 /-0.5,2.62 /-0.4)mm2,(P<0.01),视杯面积(0.65 /-0.5,1.79 /-0.6)mm2,(P<0.01),盘沿面积(1.44 /-0.4,0.89 /-0.4)mm2,(P<0.01),VIRA(1.53 /-0.4,1.11 /-0.3)mm2,(P<0.01),盘沿容积(0.42 /-0.1,0.26 /-0.1)mm3,(P<0.061),杯盘比(0.31 /-0.2,0.62 /-0.2),(P<0.01)。结论OCT在开角型青光眼的早期诊断中具有重要价值。     

Correlation of optic disc morphology and ocular perfusion parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: Little information is available about the relationship between glaucomatous visual field defects, morphological changes of the optic disc and ocular blood flow. In this study, ocular blood flow parameters were correlated with parameters of optic nerve head (ONH) morphology and visual field performance in a cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 103 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were included. Choroidal and ONH blood flow was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Retinal blood velocities and retinal vessel diameters were measured with laser Doppler velocimetry and a Retinal Vessel Analyzer, respectively. To evaluate the ONH morphology, fundus photographs were taken and confocal laser scanning tomography was performed. Results: Among all measured ocular hemodynamic parameters, the ONH blood flow was most strongly correlated to structural parameters of ONH damage and visual field loss. Reduced retinal vessel diameters were only slightly correlated with the degree of glaucomatous damage. Conclusion: Reduced blood flow in the ONH was associated with increasing amount of visual field defect and morphological changes of the ONH. Retinal vessel diameters were only marginally associated with glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Based on retinal vessel diameter determination alone, it is not possible to assess whether reduced retinal blood flow is causative or secondary in glaucoma.     

Pallor of the optic disc in glaucoma patients with artificial hypertension

Measurement of four parameters, namely brightness of the unaffected optic disc, brightness of the optic disc under artificially elevated eye pressure, baseline eye pressure, and systolic blood pressure, gives the possibility of discerning glaucomatous eyes from healthy ones, with an accuracy of about 90%. Measuring eye pressure and systolic blood pressure is very simple. If measurement of the optical density could be simplified, an additional practical test for glaucoma could be developed.     

青光眼随诊时视盘出血的意义

青光眼随诊时采用系列眼底照相、计算机图像配比法是发现与追踪视盘出血（dischemorrhages,DH）及其相关改变的较好方法。观察DH对于青光眼病情随访、调整目标眼压及其他治疗方案具有重要意义。目前认为,DH是青光眼视网膜神经纤维层缺损加重及视野损害进展的重要危险因素,甚至认为是青光眼病情进展的先兆体征或标志。它可能是青光眼治疗不充分或未达到目标眼压的指征,对此应密切进行视神经形态与视野随访,并及时实施有效的降眼压治疗。（国际眼科纵览,2012,36：289—292）     

拉坦噻吗滴眼液治疗青光眼临床疗效观察

目的:评价拉坦噻吗滴眼液(适利加)降眼压治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:选取30例52眼原发性开角型/闭角型青光眼患者单用拉坦噻吗滴眼液,每晚1次,随访16wk,观察眼压、视野、平均视神经纤维层厚度及不良反应。结果:拉坦噻吗滴眼液能显著降低眼压(P=0.000),16wk后降眼压幅度的95%可信区间为10.31～13.92mmHg,但对视野及平均视神经纤维层厚度无改善(P>0.05),不良反应主要为眼睛轻度充血。结论:拉坦噻吗滴眼液能显著降低原发性开角型/闭角型青光眼患者的眼压,而且用药安全,依从性好。但短期随访并未发现其对视野及平均视神经纤维层厚度有改善。     

应用HRT-Ⅱ对生理性大视杯与青光眼及正常人视盘参数比较

目的 应用海得堡视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT—Ⅱ)探讨正常人及屈光不正C／D大于正常者与闭角型青光眼视乳头结构参数的差异。方法 应用HRT—Ⅱ对屈光不正C／D大于正常者(30例60眼)，正常人(100例200眼)，确诊为闭角型青光眼(30例60眼)进行HRT—Ⅱ检查，获得视乳头平均地形图和视乳头各结构参数进行比较分析。结果 将三组参数进行比较，显示视盘、视杯和缘的面积，平均杯的深度和最大杯的深度，差异具有显著性。正常人平均纤维层厚度，C／D大于正常者与闭角型青光眼有显著差异，而前二者间无显著差异。结论 应用HRT—Ⅱ通过随访可为生理性大视杯者排除青光眼。     

普拉洛芬滴眼液在青光眼手术前后炎症控制的临床评价

目的：通过观察青光眼手术前后应用普拉洛芬滴眼液对术后炎症反应的疗效,寻求一种青光眼术后炎症药物控制的较佳方案。方法：观察青光眼小梁切除术的住院患者50例52眼,随机分为4组：术后单独滴用典必殊滴眼液组（甲组）、术后联合应用普拉洛芬眼液组（乙组）、术前1d始滴普拉洛芬滴眼液术后联合用药组（丙组）、术前3d始滴普拉洛芬滴眼液及术后联合用药组（丁组）。手术方法采用复合式小梁切除术。术后第1,3,7,14,30d观察症状和体征并进行评分。结果：患者50例52眼完成研究。术后第1,3d时丁组综合评分明显低于其它组（P〈0.05）,术后3,7d时甲组综合评分比其它组均高（P〈0.05）;术后15d和30d时4组间综合评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：术前应用普拉洛芬滴眼液做预处理,术后联合应用普拉洛芬滴眼液与糖皮质激素是青光眼小梁切除术后炎症控制的较佳治疗方案。     

OCT测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用

青光眼是一种进行性视神经疾病,它能引起视神经结构改变,最终导致不可逆的视功能损害。青光眼的早期诊断对保护视功能有重要意义。光学相干断层扫描仪是一种准确性和可重复性高的视网膜神经纤维层厚度和视盘参数检测技术,为早期诊断青光眼,监测视神经损害及指导青光眼的治疗提供了新的思路。我们主要阐述该技术在青光眼早期诊断中的应用。     

Preperimetric glaucoma diagnosis by confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic disc

AIM: To evaluate the ability of confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic nerve head to detect glaucomatous optic nerve damage in ocular hypertensive eyes without visual field defects. METHODS: The study included 50 normal subjects, 61 glaucoma patients with glaucomatous changes in the optic disc and visual field, and 102 "preperimetric" patients with increased intraocular pressure, normal visual fields, and glaucomatous appearance of the optic disc as evaluated on colour stereo optic disc photographs. For all individuals, confocal scanning laser tomographs of the optic nerve head were taken using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT; software 2.01). RESULTS: Almost all investigated HRT variables varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the normal eyes and preperimetric glaucoma eyes with pronounced overlap between the two study groups. Corresponding to the overlap, sensitivity and specificity values were relatively low when HRT variables were taken to differentiate between normal and preperimetric glaucoma eyes. At a given specificity of 95% highest sensitivities were found for the variables "rim area in the superior disc sector" (24.8%), "nerve fibre layer thickness in the inferior disc sector" (26.5%), and "rim volume in the superior disc sector" (25.5%). A multivariate approach increased sensitivity to 42.2% at a given specificity of 95%. For the glaucoma group highest sensitivity values were reached by rim volume in the superior disc sector (73.8%) and rim area (72.1%); the multivariate approach reached 83.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to pronounced overlapping between the groups, confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic nerve head has relatively low diagnostic power to differentiate between normal eyes and preperimetric glaucoma eyes. One of the reasons may be the biological interindividual variability of quantitative optic disc variables.     

复明片联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗开角型青光眼

目的：探讨复明片联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。

方法：选择2017-04/2018-07于本院接受治疗的82例147眼开角型青光眼患者作为研究对象,根据治疗手段不同分为对照组41例72眼及观察组41例75眼。对照组予以马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液进行治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以复明片治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,对治疗前后眼压、血液流变学进行比较分析。

结果：治疗12wk后,观察组与对照组间的临床总有效率(94.7% vs 80.6%)比较有差异(P<0.05); 两组患者眼压均明显低于治疗6wk后及治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组眼压显著低于对照组(P<0.05); 对照组PSV、EDV及RI与治疗前无差异(P>0.05); 观察组PSV、EDV显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),而RI显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且两组PSV、EDV及RI比较有差异(P<0.05)。两组患者总不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：复明片联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液可有效改善患者的临床疗效,降眼压作用显著,同时对患者眼部血液流变学改善效果良好,安全可靠。     

Histomorphometry of the optic disc in highly myopic eyes with absolute secondary angle closure glaucoma

AIM—To evaluate histomorphometrically the optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes with absolute secondary angle closure glaucoma.
METHODS—Optic disc sections of 16 highly myopic eyes with an axial length of more than 26 mm and of 19 eyes with an axial length of less than 26 mm were histomorphometrically evaluated. All eyes had been enucleated due to painful absolute secondary angle closure glaucoma.
RESULTS—In the highly myopic eyes compared with the non-highly myopic eyes, mean optic disc diameter was significantly larger (mean 2.33 (SD 0.55) mm versus 1.77 (0.50) mm; p=0.01), and the optic cup was significantly shallower (optic cup depth 0.34 (0.29) mm versus 0.63 (0.23) mm; p=0.03). The peripapillary scleral ring was significantly broader (0.58 (0.65) mm versus 0.08 (0.06) mm; p=0.001), and the β zone (0.83 (0.74) mm versus 0.28 (0.25) mm; p=0.006) of the parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy was significantly larger in the highly myopic eyes.
CONCLUSIONS—The results of the present study agree with biomorphometric data of the optic nerve head in highly myopic eyes with glaucoma. In the highly myopic group, a markedly enlarged peripapillary scleral ring characterised by absence of Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris contributes in addition to α and β zone to the parapapillary atrophy.

Keywords: optic disc; histomorphometry; myopia; angle closure glaucoma