Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Sleeve lobectomy is a procedure in which the involved lobe with part of the main stembronchus is removed. The remaining lobe (s) is reimplanted on the main stembronchus. This procedure is indicated for central tumors of the lung as an altemative to pneumonectomy. It is the aim of this study to describe the technique of sleeve lobectomy and to analyse the early postoperative results and late results (survival-recurrence) after sleeve lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Material and methods: Between 1985 and 1999, 77 sleeve lobectomies for bronchogenic carcinoma were performed at the University hospitals Leuven. The most common performed sleeve lobectomy is the right upper lobe sleeve lobectomy (67,5%). In 6 patients a combined sleeve resection of the pulmonary artery was performed. The operative mortality was 3,9%. Two patients developed a broncho-pleural fistula. The five-year survival rate was 45,6%. In 5 patients, an anastomotic suture developed which required a completion pneumonectomy in 2. Thirteen patients developed local tumor recurrence.

Conclusion: We conclude that sleeve lobectomy can be performed with an acceptable mortality and morbidity. Long term survival rate and recurrence rate are as good as after pneumonectomy. The operative mortality is lower when compared to pneumonectomy, exercise tolerance and quality of life are much better after sleeve lobectomy compared to pneumonectomy. For central tumours we believe that sleeve resection is the procedure of choice.     

Curative Effects of Different Sequences of Vessel Interruption During the Completely Thoracoscopic Lobectomy on Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: To study the correlation between prognosis and different sequences of pulmonary artery and vein interruption during completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 334 cases underwent completely thoracoscopic lobectomy, which were identified as stage I~II non-small cell lung cancer by pathology. They were divided into three groups according to the order of vessel interruption: pulmonary vein first (Group V, n = 174), pulmonary artery first (Group A, n = 93), and artery-vein-artery group (Group M, n = 67). Their preoperative and operative conditions, and the postoperative survival, recurrence were compared.Results: Group A had less cases with history of smoking but more with history of pulmonary infection. The average bleeding amount during the operation in Group A is significantly less Group V, and Group M fell in between them. The duration of operation and postoperative complications were similar among the three groups. The types of tumor recurrence were also similar, which were mostly distant metastasis. There was no statistically significant difference in tumor-free survival and overall survival among the three groups.Conclusions: For the treatment of stage I~II non-small cell lung cancer using completely thoracoscopic lobectomy, pulmonary artery interruption first can reduce the bleeding amount without affecting the operative difficulty and postoperative complications. The sequence of vessel interruption during lobectomy by thoracoscopic surgery would not affect tumor recurrence, metastasis and survival.     

Lymph Node Upstaging for Robotic,Thoracoscopic, and Open Lobectomy for Stage T2-3N0 Lung Cancer

BackgroundThere may be equivalent efficacy of the lymph node evaluation for minimally invasive lobectomy compared with open lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. We sought to compare the lymph node evaluation for lobectomy by approach for patients with larger tumors who are clinically node negative.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 24 257 patients with clinical stage T2-3N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer from the National Cancer Database. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. The rates of pathologic lymph node upstaging were compared. A Cox multivariable regression model was performed to test the association with overall survival.ResultsAfter IPTW adjustment 20 834 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 1996 patients underwent robotic lobectomy, 5122 patients underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy, and 13 725 patients underwent open lobectomy from 2010 to 2017. The IPTW-adjusted N1 upstaging rate was similar for robotic (11.79%), thoracoscopic (11.49%), and open (11.85%) lobectomy (P = .274). The adjusted N2 upstaging rates were 5.03%, 5.66%, and 6.15% for robotic, thoracoscopic, and open lobectomy, respectively (P = .274). On IPTW-adjusted multivariable analysis, robotic and thoracoscopic lobectomy were associated with improved survival compared with open lobectomy (P < .001).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in N1 and N2 lymph node upstaging rates between surgical approaches for patients with clinical stage T2-3N0 non-small cell lung cancer, indicating similarly effective lymph node evaluation. Overall survival after robotic and thoracoscopic lobectomy was significantly better compared with open lobectomy in this patient population with a high propensity for occult nodal disease.     

连续231例全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌近、远期疗效分析

目的 探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性、可靠性及近、远期疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2006年6月至2011年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院231例非小细胞肺癌采用全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的临床资料,其中男132例,女99例;年龄15～81 （59.51±11.90） 岁。Ⅰa期149例、Ⅰb期50例、Ⅱa期14例、Ⅱb期13例、Ⅲa期5例。腺癌152例、鳞癌41例、细支气管肺泡细胞癌23例、腺鳞癌5例、大细胞癌4例、其它癌6例。对随访结果进行统计分析,分析近、远期的生存率。 结果 无围术期死亡。手术时间60～370 （199.14±51.04） min,出血量10～2 300 （168.19±176.39） ml。围术期发生并发症37例,包括肺漏气、肺部感染、肺不张、心律失常、皮下气肿等,上述并发症均经保守治疗后治愈或好转。清扫淋巴结 （11.14±5.49） 枚,淋巴结站数3.66±1.52。有51例（22.08%）患者术后分期较术前有所提高。术后住院时间3～36 （10.79±5.13） d,术后肺漏气、肺部感染、术前合并慢性肺部疾病（慢性支气管炎、哮喘等）及中度至重度肺功能障碍是延长患者住院时间的主要因素。随访228例患者,平均随访时间40.83 （22～82） 个月,3例失访。228例患者各分期5年总生存率：Ⅰ期85.78％、Ⅱ期52.54％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期32.70％;5年无瘤生存率：Ⅰ期80.00％、Ⅱ期45.37％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期20.99％。 结论 全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术不仅切口小、创伤小、疼痛轻,而且术后功能恢复快、住院时间短。生存率与国内外相关报道相类似,全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可完成解剖意义上的肿瘤彻底切除和淋巴结清扫。电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术必将成为肺部疾病治疗的标准手术术式之一。     

Pulmonary Function After Lobectomy Versus Segmentectomy in Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background

Several reports have shown that segmentectomy is superior to lobectomy for preservation of postoperative pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between pulmonary function and the volume of the resected lung in patients undergoing segmentectomy or lobectomy.

Methods

Patients undergoing open lobectomy (n = 126) and open segmentectomy (n = 52) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Pulmonary function testing, including vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), was performed preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

The postoperative reduction of VC and FEV₁, as indicated by the postoperative value/preoperative value, at 6 months after surgery was significantly less in the segmentectomy group than in the lobectomy group. However, the standardized functional loss ratio, as expressed by [(measured postoperative value)–(predicted postoperative value)] / (predicted postoperative value) × 100 (%), at 1 month after surgery was significantly lower in the segmentectomy group than in the lobectomy group. No significant difference in the standardized functional loss ratio was seen at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Pulmonary function at 6 months after surgery is better after segmental resection than after lobectomy. However, the absolute value of pulmonary function did not reach the predicted-postoperative value at 1 month after surgery. Thus, when segmentectomy is performed, clinicians should be aware that early postoperative pulmonary function may be significantly less than the expected value.     

肺癌患者完全胸腔镜与开胸肺叶切除术后近期生活质量的比较

目的 探讨完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术对肺癌患者术后近期生活质量的影响。方法 2012年10月.2013年12月，40例早期非小细胞肺癌患者自行选择手术方式，19例行完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术（胸腔镜组），21例行传统开胸肺叶切除术（开胸组）。术后3个月利用肺癌患者癌症治疗功能性量表（Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lung，FACT-L）中文版对患者生活质量进行评价。结果 胸腔镜组在身体状况（19.90±1.30 vs.17.10±1.40，t=6.533，P=0.000），情感状况（16.95±1.25 vs.14.15±2.05，t=5.147，P=0.000），功能状况（18.50±2.35 vs.16.45±2.45，t=2.694，P=0.025）及附加状况（20.40±2.35 vs.18.45±1.25，t=3.321，P=0.009）方面评分均高于开胸组，在社会及家庭状况方面两组评分差异无显著性。胸腔镜组术后生活质量总体状况评分高于开胸组（89.50±6.54 vs.81.40±6.25，t=4.004，P=0.003）。结论 完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术对肺癌患者术后的生活质量影响明显小于传统开胸肺叶切除术。     

电视胸腔镜与传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌

目的 为了使电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在临床中得到更好地应用,探讨电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术(VATS lobectomy)治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床价值.方法 2007年9月至2008年12月我科手术治疗NSCLC患者76例,其中37例接受电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术(VATS组),男21例,女16例;平均年龄60.4岁;采用胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术20例,全胸腔镜肺叶切除术17例.39例接受传统开胸肺叶切除术(传统开胸组),男32例,女7例; 平均年龄58.7岁.比较分析两组患者围手术期相关临床和实验室指标的变化.结果 两组患者均无严重并发症和围手术期死亡.VATS组与传统开胸组比较,在切口长度(7.6±1.9 cm vs. 28.5±3.6 cm, t=-31.390,P=0.000),术后杜冷丁用量(160±125 mg vs.232±101 mg,t=-2.789,P=0.007),术后胸腔引流量多于100 ml的天数(4.8±2.5 d vs. 8.1±3.2 d,t=-4.944,P=0.000)和术后住院时间(12.1±3.0 d vs. 15.7±4.7d,t=-3.945,P=0.000)等方面差异有统计学意义;两组在手术时间(t=1.732,P=0.087)、术中出血量(t=-1.645,P=0.105),淋巴结清扫数量(t=-0.088,P=0.930)等方面差异无统计学意义,VATS组的住院总费用略高于传统开胸组,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.303,P=0.197);VATS组术后第1 d血糖(7.2±1.2 mmol/L vs. 8.4±2.2 mmol/L,t=5.603,P=0.000)和白细胞总数(12.7±3.8×109/L vs. 15.1±5.9×109/L, t=5.082,P=0.004)均显著低于传统开胸组,前白蛋白值显著高于传统开胸组(215.0±45.5 mg/L vs.147.3±50.8 mg/L,t=-7.931,P=0.000).结论 电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可彻底清扫淋巴结,术后创伤较小、急性期反应较低、疼痛轻、恢复较快、住院时间短且不明显增加患者经济负担,在严格选择患者的条件下,可以作为治疗早期NSCLC的一种手术途径.     

Survival and Recurrence Following Wedge Resection Versus Lobectomy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Detailed Summary of Findings Comparing Wedge Resection to Lobectomy for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

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