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Jill Dumbauld Michelle Black Colin A. Depp Rebecca Daly Maureen A. Curran Babbi Winegarden Dilip V. Jeste 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2014,7(6):489-492
Purpose
With a growing need for developing future physician scientists, identifying characteristics of medical students who are likely to benefit from research training programs is important. This study assessed if specific learning styles of medical students, participating in federally funded short‐term research training programs, were associated with research self‐efficacy, a potential predictor of research career success.Method
Seventy‐five first‐year medical students from 28 medical schools, selected to participate in two competitive NIH‐supported summer programs for research training in aging, completed rating scales to evaluate learning styles at baseline, and research self‐efficacy before and after training. We examined associations of individual learning styles (visual‐verbal, sequential‐global, sensing‐intuitive, and active‐reflective) with students’ gender, ranking of medical school, and research self‐efficacy.Results
Research self‐efficacy improved significantly following the training programs. Students with a verbal learning style reported significantly greater research self‐efficacy at baseline, while visual, sequential, and intuitive learners demonstrated significantly greater increases in research self‐efficacy from baseline to posttraining. No significant relationships were found between learning styles and students’ gender or ranking of their medical school.Conclusions
Assessments of learning styles may provide useful information to guide future training endeavors aimed at developing the next generation of physician‐scientists. 相似文献3.
Consuelo H. Wilkins Mark Spofford Neely Williams Corliss McKeever Shauntice Allen Jen Brown Jennifer Opp Alan Richmond A. Hal Strelnick 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(4):292-296
Objectives
To understand the formal roles of community representatives (CRs) in Clinical and Translational Science Awardee (CTSA) activities, to evaluate the extent of integration into the organizational and governance structures and to identify barriers to effective integration.Methods
The inventory tool was distributed to each of the 60 CTSAs using a secure web application.Results
Forty‐seven (78%) completed the inventory. The mean number of CRs per CTSA is 21.4 (SD: 14.8). Most CTSAs had community advisory boards (89%) and 94% included CRs in Community Engagement (CE) cores. Only 11% reported a CR being a member of the CTSA leadership team and 19% reported that CRs advise core programs beyond CE.CRs are compensated by 79% of CTSAs. Mean annual compensation is $753 (median: $400). Compensation directly correlated with the number of hours that CRs worked in CTSA activities (r = 0.64; P = 0.001).Conclusions
This inventory allows CTSAs to better understand how CRs have engaged in activities and brings attention to the limited representation among cores and in leadership roles. CTSAs should, with substantive input from CRs, develop strategies to provide the resources and compensation necessary to better integrate the community in CTSA activities and fully realize the goals of the CTSA vision. 相似文献4.
Background
The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program has raised the profile and the available funding for engagement in biomedical research. Such increased funding and attention may address known barriers to engagement. However, little work has been done to describe experiences across multiple CTSAs, especially how the CTSA structure supports or challenges engagement.Objective
We sought to understand the supports and challenges experienced by multiple CTSAs as they pursued community engagement. This knowledge may help guide future efforts to support and enhance community engagement in biomedical research.Methods
We conducted semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with CTSA community engagement core leaders and staff from the 2006 cohort of CTSAs (n = 12).Results
A total of 17 interviews with respondents from nine institutions identified three support themes, including: funding, existing relationships with communities, and leadership and a partnership approach at the institution. Six challenge themes arose: need for capacity development, lack of positive relationships with communities, lack of leadership, funding constraints, time and staff constraints, and unsustainable models.Conclusion
The CTSAs have brought much‐needed attention to community engagement in research, but more can be done to adequately support engagement. Challenges remain that need to be addressed to achieve the potential benefits of engagement. 相似文献5.
Moira Inkelas Arleen F. Brown Stefanie D. Vassar Ibrahima C. Sankaré Arturo B. Martinez Katrina Kubicek Tony Kuo Anish Mahajan Michael Gould Brian S. Mittman 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(6):800-806
Background and Importance
Challenges in healthcare policy and practice have stimulated interest in dissemination and implementation science. The Institute of Medicine Committee on the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) program recommended expanding the CTSA program''s investment and activity in this domain. Guidance is needed to facilitate successful growth of DII science infrastructure, activity and impacts.Objectives
Several CTSAs in Southern California collaborated to identify and respond to local challenges and opportunities to expand dissemination, implementation and improvement research by strengthening capacity and relationships between DII researchers and community, health system, and population health partners.Main outcomes
Planning and outreach by the Southern California CTSAs increased awareness and interest in DII research and generated recommendations for growth. Recommendations include: increasing strong partnerships with healthcare and population health systems to guide policy research agendas and collaborative DII science; promoting multi‐sector partnerships that involve researchers and delivery systems throughout DII processes; bringing together multiple disciplines; and addressing national and international barriers as well as opportunities in DII science.Implications
CTSAs through regional collaboration can increase their contributions to improved community health via skill‐building, partnership development and enhanced outreach to local healthcare and public health agencies and delivery systems. 相似文献6.
Tony Kuo Lauren N. Gase Moira Inkelas The Population Health Policy Workgroup 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(6):807-813
Importance
The complex, dynamic nature of health systems requires dissemination, implementation, and improvement (DII) sciences to effectively translate emerging knowledge into practice. Although they hold great promise for informing multisector policies and system‐level changes, these methods are often not strategically used by public health.Objectives and Methods
More than 120 stakeholders from Southern California, including the community, federal and local government, university, and health services were convened to identify key priorities and opportunities for public health departments and Clinical and Translational Science Awards programs (CTSAs) to advance DII sciences in population health.Main Outcomes
Participants identified challenges (mismatch of practice realities with narrowly focused research questions; lack of iterative learning) and solutions (using methods that fit the dynamic nature of the real world; aligning theories of change across sectors) for applying DII science research to public health problems. Pragmatic steps that public health and CTSAs can take to facilitate DII science research include: employing appropriate study designs; training scientists and practicing professionals in these methods; securing resources to advance this work; and supporting team science to solve complex‐systems issues.Conclusions
Public health and CTSAs represent a unique model of practice for advancing DII research in population health. The partnership can inform policy and program development in local communities. 相似文献7.
Karen Hacker Nazmim Bhuiya Joan Pernice Sami M. Khan Thomas D. Sequist Shalini A. Tendulkar 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(5):391-397
Objective
Community health centers (CHCs) have great potential to participate in the development of evidence‐based primary care but face obstacles to engagement in clinical translational research.Methods
To understand factors associated with CHC interest in building research infrastructure, Harvard Catalyst and the Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers conducted an online survey of medical directors in all 50 Massachusetts CHC networks.Results
Thirty‐two (64%) medical directors completed the survey representing 126 clinical sites. Over 80% reported that their primary care providers (PCPs) were slightly to very interested in future clinical research and that they were interested in building research infrastructure at their CHC. Frequently cited barriers to participation in research included financial issues, lack of research skills, and lack of research infrastructure. In bivariate analyses, PCP interest in future clinical research and a belief that involvement in research contributed to PCP retention were significantly associated with interest in building research infrastructure.Conclusion
CHCs critical role in caring for vulnerable populations ideally positions them to raise relevant research questions and translate evidence into practice. Our findings suggest a high interest in engagement in research among CHC leadership. CTSAs have a unique opportunity to support local CHCs in this endeavor. 相似文献8.
Christine Pfund Stephanie House Kimberly Spencer Pamela Asquith Paula Carney Kristyn S. Masters Richard McGee Janet Shanedling Stephanie Vecchiarelli Michael Fleming 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(1):26-33
Purpose
To design and evaluate a research mentor training curriculum for clinical and translational researchers. The resulting 8‐hour curriculum was implemented as part of a national mentor training trial.Method
The mentor training curriculum was implemented with 144 mentors at 16 academic institutions. Facilitators of the curriculum participated in a train‐the‐trainer workshop to ensure uniform delivery. The data used for this report were collected from participants during the training sessions through reflective writing, and following the last training session via confidential survey with a 94% response rate.Results
A total of 88% of respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with the training experience, and 90% noted they would recommend the training to a colleague. Participants also reported significant learning gains across six mentoring competencies as well as specific impacts of the training on their mentoring practice.Conclusions
The data suggest the described research mentor training curriculum is an effective means of engaging research mentors to reflect upon and improve their research mentoring practices. The training resulted in high satisfaction, self‐reported skill gains as well as behavioral changes of clinical and translational research mentors. Given success across 16 diverse sites, this training may serve as a national model. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 26–33 相似文献9.
Amanda J. Hessels Brian Robinson Michael O'Rourke Melissa D. Begg Elaine L. Larson 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(6):793-799
Background
Critical interdisciplinary research skills include effective communication with diverse disciplines and cultivating collaborative relationships. Acquiring these skills during graduate education may foster future interdisciplinary research quality and productivity.Objective
The project aim was to develop and evaluate an interactive Toolbox workshop approach within an interprofessional graduate level course to enhance student learning and skill in interdisciplinary research. We sought to examine the student experience of integrating the Toolbox workshop in modular format over the duration of a 14‐week course.Methods
The Toolbox Health Sciences Instrument includes six modules that were introduced in a 110‐minute dialogue session during the first class and then integrated into the course in a series of six individual workshops in three phases over the course of the semester.Results
Seventeen students participated; the majority were nursing students. Three measures were used to assess project outcomes: pre–post intervention Toolbox survey, competency self‐assessment, and a postcourse survey. All measures indicated the objectives were met by a change in survey responses, improved competencies, and favorable experience of the Toolbox modular intervention.Conclusion
Our experience indicates that incorporating this Toolbox modular approach into research curricula can enhance individual level scientific capacity, future interdisciplinary research project success, and ultimately impact on practice and policy. 相似文献10.
Wendy Pechero Bishop Jasmin A. Tiro Joanne M. Sanders Simon J. Craddock Lee Celette Sugg Skinner 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(1):82-84
Background
Recruiting minorities and underserved populations into population‐based studies is a long standing challenge. This study examined the feasibility of recruiting adults from a community research registry.Methods
Ethnically diverse, bilingual staff attended health fairs, inviting adults to join a registry. We examined rates of successful contact, scheduling, and participation for studies that used the registry.Results
Five studies queried 6,886 research registry members (48% Hispanic and 38% black) and attempted to contact 2,301 potentially eligible participants; eligibility criteria varied across studies. We successfully contacted 1,130 members, 51.9% were scheduled to participate and of those, 60.8% completed their study appointment. Non‐Hispanic whites were less likely than Hispanics to be interested, but among those scheduling an appointment, participation did not differ by race/ethnicity.Conclusion
Community research registries are a feasible and efficient method for recruiting minority and underserved adults and may address disparities in access to and participation in health research. 相似文献11.
Ibrahima C. Sankaré Rachelle Bross Arleen F. Brown Homero E. del Pino Loretta F. Jones D'Ann M. Morris Courtney Porter Aziza Lucas‐Wright Roberto Vargas Nell Forge Keith C. Norris Katherine L. Kahn 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(5):412-420
Background
This study used Community Partnered Participatory Research (CPPR) to address low participation of racial and ethnic minorities in medical research and the lack of trust between underrepresented communities and researchers.Methods
Using a community and academic partnership in July 2012, residents of a South Los Angeles neighborhood were exposed to research recruitment strategies: referral by word‐of‐mouth, community agencies, direct marketing, and extant study participants.Results
Among 258 community members exposed to recruitment strategies, 79.8% completed the study. Exposed individuals identified their most important method for learning about the study as referral by study participants (39.8%), community agencies (30.6%), word‐of‐mouth (17.5%), or direct marketing promotion (12.1%). Study completion rates varied by recruitment method: referral by community agencies (88.7%), referral by participants (80.4%), direct marketing promotion (86.2%), word of mouth (64.3%).Conclusions
Although African American and Latino communities are often described as difficult to engage in research, we found high levels of research participation and completion when recruitment strategies emerged from the community itself. This suggests recruitment strategies based on CPPR principles represent an important opportunity for addressing health disparities and our high rates of research completion should provide optimism and a road map for next steps. 相似文献12.
Matthew M. Davis Sarah J. Clark Amy T. Butchart Dianne C. Singer Thomas P. Shanley Debbie S. Gipson 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(2):88-93
Context
In the United States, levels of public participation in medical research in the era of Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) are unknown.Methods
In 2011, a household survey was administered to a sample of U.S. adults, asking whether they (and children <18 years old) had participated, or were aware of opportunities to participate, in medical research. Respondents living within 100 miles of CTSA sites were identified. Regression analyses of participation and awareness (PA) were performed, applying sampling weights to permit nationally representative inferences.Results
Overall, 2,150 individuals responded (completion rate = 60%); 65% of adults and 63% of families with children resided within 100 miles of ≥1 CTSA location. Research participation rates were 11% among adults and 5% among children. Among nonparticipants, awareness rates were 64% among adults and 12% among parents of children. PA among adults was associated with higher income and education, older age, presence of chronic conditions, and living within 100 miles of four specific CTSA locations. For children, PA was associated with higher household income and parents’ chronic health conditions.Conclusions
PA of medical research opportunities is substantially higher for adults than children. Higher PA levels near specific CTSAs merit investigation to identify their successful approaches. 相似文献13.
Lin Cheng Lihua Zhang Lichen Gao Wei Zhang Xiaoping Chen Hong‐Hao Zhou 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(6):834-836
Objectives
A new method of HLA‐B*5801 genotyping was compared with sequence‐based typing (SBT) to find an accurate and prompt method in genotyping HLA‐B*5801.Methods
Two groups of patients from allopurinol‐induced cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) and allopurinol‐tolerant were both genotyped with PG5801 kit and SBT method. The genotyping results of HLA‐B*5801 were compared between the two groups.Results
The PG5801 detection kit results were 100% (79/79) in agreement with the SBT genotyping results for identifying the HLA‐B*5801 (+) patients. No false‐positive or false‐negative errors were found. The sensitivity, specificity, rate of adherence, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100%.Conclusion
The potential fast screening method is an ideal tool to rule out the high‐risk allopurinol‐induced SCARs patients. 相似文献14.
David G. Marrero Emily J. Hardwick Lisa K. Staten Dennis A. Savaiano Jere D. Odell Karen Frederickson Comer Chandan Saha 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(3):204-208
Introduction
Community‐engaged health research, an approach to research which includes the participation of communities, promotes the translation of research to address and improve social determinants of health. As a way to encourage community‐engaged research, the National Institutes of Health required applicants to the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) to include a community engagement component. Although grant‐funding may support an increase in community‐engaged research, faculties also respond to the rewards and demands of university promotion and tenure standards. This paper measures faculty perception of how three institutions funded by a CTSA support community‐engaged research in the promotion and tenure process.Methods
At three institutions funded by a CTSA, tenure track and nontenure track faculty responded to a survey regarding perceptions of how promotion and tenure committees value community‐engaged research.Results
Faculty view support for community‐engaged research with some reserve. Only 36% agree that community‐engaged research is valued in the promotion and tenure process.Discussion
Encouraging community‐engaged scholarship requires changing the culture and values behind promotion and tenure decisions. Institutions will increase community‐engaged research and more faculty will adopt its principles, when it is rewarded by promotion and tenure committees. 相似文献15.
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Leah Zallman Shalini Tendulkar Nazmim Bhuyia Blessing Dube Scott Early Melida Arredondo Rozanne Puleo Nandini Sengupta Burak Alsan Karen Hacker 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(5):404-408
Objectives
Safety‐net populations are underrepresented in research and quality improvement (QI) studies despite the fact that safety‐net providers are uniquely positioned to engage in translational research. This study aimed to understand the current level of interest in, experience with, predicted career satisfaction associated with, and barriers experienced in conducting research and QI among primary care providers (PCPs) at 18 safety‐net practices in the Boston, Massachusetts area.Methods
The Harvard Catalyst Safety‐net Infrastructure Initiative partnered with staff at a large academic public hospital system, including 15 primary care sites, to develop and administer an online survey. This survey was then adapted and administered at three other academically affiliated community health centers.Results
Of the 260 providers surveyed, 136 (52%) responded. Nearly 80% reported interest in conducting either QI projects or clinical research and 95% of them believed it would enhance their career satisfaction. However, 63% did not report prior experience or training in research or QI and 93% reported at least one barrier to engagement.Conclusion
While supporting safety‐net PCPs’ engagement in research and/or QI may improve career satisfaction there are numerous barriers that must be addressed to achieve this goal. 相似文献17.
Elaine L. Larson Rachel Lally Gabriella Foe Gabriela Joaquin Dodi D. Meyer Elizabeth G. Cohn 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(4):351-354
Objective:
To describe the development and testing of a module to improve consent administrators’ skills when obtaining research consent from culturally and linguistically diverse and low literacy populations.Design:
Development and psychometric testing of video module including community vignettes.Methods:
Following initial content, face, and construct validity testing by experts, a field trial was conducted with pre‐ and postknowledge tests and satisfaction surveys completed by 112 consent administrators.Results:
Mean score out of a possible 10 on pretest was 8.6 (±standard deviation [SD], 1.55) and on posttest was 9.1 (±SD, 1.2; paired t‐test 95% confidence interval of difference: –0.18 to –0.88; two‐tailed p = 0.003). The average years of experience with obtaining consent was 6.42 years (range: 0–35), but years of experience was not significantly associated with either pre‐ or posttest scores (p = 0.82 and 0.44, respectively). Most user evaluations were positive, although suggestions for improvements were made.Conclusion:
Although pretest scores were relatively high, training needs of research consent administrators for consenting diverse and low literacy populations may be unmet. We urge that institutional review boards, researchers, policymakers, educators, and bioethicists address the training needs of research consent administrators and we offer this training module as one potential resource and adjunct to such training. 相似文献18.
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Faisel Khan Wen Ling Choong Qingyou Du Aleksandar Jovanovi'c 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2013,6(6):481-484
Purpose
To date, there is a wide range of methods in use to assess endothelial function, each with its own advantages and limitations. Here, we tested hypothesis that real‐time RT‐PCR threshold value (Ct), which is reflective of mRNA level, for Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from whole blood is indicative of endothelial function in humans.Materials and Methods
To assess vascular function, we measured baseline skin perfusion, postocclusion reactive hyperemia (PORH), and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and tested for a possible correlation between vascular responses and blood GAPDH real‐time RT‐PCR Ct value in 75 healthy volunteers.Results
Tests known to measure, at least in part, endothelial function such as baseline skin perfusion, the 2‐minute recovery PORH, and FMD exhibited significant positive correlations with blood GAPDH Ct values. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between Ct values for blood GAPDH and peak PORH, an endothelium‐independent parameter.Conclusions
Based on these findings, we report that GAPDH mRNA level in the blood correlates with vascular function in healthy subjects. This suggests that GAPDH mRNA level could be a potential biomarker of vascular endothelial function. 相似文献20.