手术切除与射频消融治疗原发性肝癌患者预后比较

目的 比较手术切除与射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌患者预后比较。方法 2009年7月~2011年12月我院收治的原发性肝癌患者218例,其中106例实施手术切除肿瘤,另外112例实施RFA。比较两种不同方法治疗患者的预后情况。结果 两组患者病灶清除率均为100%,但RFA组术中无输血患者,而4.7%手术组患者术中实施了输血（P<0.05）,RFA组平均治疗时间为（30.5±7.4）min,平均住院时间为（7.3±0.9）d,均短于手术组的（146.2±30.4）min和（12.4±2.7）d （P<0.05）;RFA组发生胸腔/腹腔积液比例为15.2%,血红蛋白（Hb）≤90g/L比例为15.2%,血清白蛋白（ALB）≤30g/L比例为17.0%,三种并发症比例均低于手术组（31.1%、35.8%和36.8%,均P<0.05）;两组围术期出现体温>38℃患者比例和腹腔感染发生率差异无统计学意义;术后三个月经增强MRI检查两组患者病灶消失情况,显示5.4%RFA组患者存在病灶残留,手术组无病灶残留患者（P<0.05）,RFA组病灶复发比例为9.8%,显著高于手术组的1.9%（P<0.05）;RFA组1 a、3 a和5 a生存率分别为92.9%、39.3%和17.9%,而手术组为97.2%、56.6%和29.2%,其中3 a和5 a生存率存在组间显著差异（P<0.05）;RFA组1 a、3 a和5 a复发转移率分别为39.3%、69.6%和98.2%,而手术组为29.2%、51.9%和86.8%,其中3 a和5 a复发转移率存在组间显著差异（均P<0.05）。结论 RFA治疗原发性肝癌可缩短手术时间,减少并发症发生,但容易有病灶残留,患者长期预后较手术组稍差。     

手术切除与射频消融治疗符合米兰标准的不同肝段多发肝癌的效果分析

目的探讨手术切除与射频消融治疗多发位于不同肝段符合米兰标准肝癌的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年2月-2013年2月在华西医院肝脏外科及肝移植中心行手术切除及射频消融术的多发位于不同肝段的符合米兰标准的158例肝癌患者的临床资料,手术切除110例,射频消融48例。比较两种治疗方法的效果差异。计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切检验;计量资料满足正态分布的2组间比较采用t检验,不满足正态分布的2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;采用Kaplan-Meier分析总体生存率及无瘤生存率,生存率比较采用log-rank检验。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析肿瘤分化程度与微脉管侵犯的关系。结果射频消融组患者血红蛋白、Alb较手术切除组低(P值均<0.05),术后住院时间较手术切除组短(P<0.05)。手术切除组与射频消融组患者预后差异无统计学意义(1、3、5年总体生存率分别为94.5%、55.2%、28.8%和83.3%、50.0%、26.5%,χ2=1.161,P=0.281;1、3、5年的无瘤生存率分别为86.4%、42.5%、21.9%和79.2%、37.5%、11.0%,χ2=1.771,P=0.183)。无微脉管侵犯者与有微脉管侵犯的患者预后差异有统计学意义(1、3、5年总体生存率分别为94.6%、59.1%、31.8%和94.1%、33.1%、10.1%,χ2=4.250,P=0.039;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为87.1%、48.1%、25.0%和82.4%、17.6%、6.1%,χ2=8.120,P=0.004)。低分化肝癌与非低分化肝癌患者预后差异有统计学意义(1、3、5年总体生存率分别为91.2%、33.7%、4.1%和96.1%、64.5%、39.0%,χ2=19.092,P<0.001;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为79.4%、10.3%、3.2%和89.5%、56.6%、31.4%,χ2=25.973,P<0.001)。整块肝肿瘤切除与分开局部切除的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为93.7%、57.7%、29.8%和93.3%、38.9%、23.3%(χ2=1.282,P=0.257),1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为85.3%、46.0%、23.7%和86.7%、26.7、10.0%(χ2=1.706,P=0.191),二者差异均无统计学意义。手术切除组与射频消融组患者术后并发症无明显差异(χ2=3.088,P=0.079),2组患者在术后30 d内均无死亡。结论对于多发的位于不同肝段的符合米兰标准的肝癌患者,手术切除效果与射频消融效果没有明显差异。在手术切除组,整块切除与分开局部切除的效果无明显差异。肿瘤的微脉管侵犯情况、肿瘤的分化程度对患者的预后存在影响。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus surgical radiofrequency ablation for malignant liver tumours: the long-term results

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases for more than 10 years with promising early outcomes. Preliminary results comparing percutaneous and surgical approaches have shown no difference in short-term outcomes. In this study, the longer-term outcomes were presented.

Methods

Patients with liver malignancies treated by RFA were prospectively studied from 2003 to 2011. Post-ablation assessment by computed tomography (CT) scan and serum biochemistry was performed at regular intervals. Recurrence rates and long-term survival were analysed.

Results

A total of 233 patients with liver malignancies (75.5% HCC and 24.5% liver metastases) were analysed. Three RFA approaches were used (percutaneous 58.4%, laparoscopic 9.4% and open 32.2%). The median follow-up time was 29 months. Complete ablation was achieved in 83.7%, with no difference between the two approaches. More wound and chest complications were observed in the surgical group. Intra-hepatic recurrences were observed in 69.5%; extra-hepatic recurrences were detected in 22.3%, with no difference between the two groups. There was no statistical difference between the two approaches in overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival.

Conclusion

An extended period of follow-up in patients with liver malignancies showed that RFA is an effective treatment. No difference was demonstrated between the percutaneous and surgical approach, in terms of recurrence and survival.     

Systematic review of surgical resection vs radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Surgical resection and local ablative therapies represent the most frequent first lines therapies adopted when liver transplantation can not be offered or is not immediately accessible. Hepatic resection (HR) is currently considered the most curative strategy, but in the last decade local ablative therapies have started to obtain satisfactory results in term of efficacy and, of them, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered the reference standard. An extensive literature review, from the year 2000, was performed, focusing on results coming from studies that directly compared HR and RFA. Qualities of the studies, characteristics of patients included, and patient survival and recurrence rates were analyzed. Except for three randomized controlled trials (RCT), most studies are affected by uncertain methodological approaches since surgical and ablated patients represent different populations as regards clinical and tumor features that are known to affect prognosis. Unfortunately, even the available RCTs report conflicting results. Until further evidences become available, it seems reasonable to offer RFA to very small HCC (< 2 cm) with no technical contraindications, since in this instance complete necrosis is most likely to be achieved. In larger nodules, namely > 2 cm and especially if > 3 cm, and/or in tumor locations in which ablation is not expected to be effective or safe, surgical removal is to be preferred.     

肝癌射频消融治疗规范的专家共识

以射频消融为代表局部消融治疗是借助影像技术的引导对肿瘤靶向定位,用物理或化学的方法杀死肿瘤组织;影像引导技术包括超声、CT和MRI;治疗途径有经皮、经腹腔镜手术和经开腹手术三种。     

Cytokines pattern after surgical radiofrequency ablation of liver colorectal metastases

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum pattern of cytokines evolution after surgical radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of colorectal metastases.METHODS: Metastases of ten non consecutive patients were destroyed by radiofrequency ablation without concomitant resection after a complete surgical procedure including a laparotomy, a peritoneal examination, liver mobilisation and liver ultrasound. Serum levels of IL-6, TNFalpha, HGF, VEGF, bFGF, TGFbeta1 and CRP were assessed by ELISA assays at different time points.RESULTS: TNFalpha and bFGF remained undetectable. IL-6 peaked at 3 hours and remained elevated during the entire study period. HGF increased by three-fold by Day 1 then decreased until Day 7 where it was still twice its baseline level. VEGF level increased from Day 5 onward. TGFbeta1 did not show significant variations. CRP was increased throughout the study.CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with cryotherapy, SRFA does not lead to high serum TNFalpha suggesting a better tolerance. Nevertheless high IL-6, HGF and VEGF serum levels are characteristic of a general inflammatory stress which should be taken into account.     

Treatment of colorectal cancer with synchronous bilobar liver metastases with simultaneous bowel and liver resection plus radiofrequency ablation

Patients with synchronous bilobar colorectal liver metastases usually have an extent or distribution of the metastases that precludes curative resection. Recently radiofrequency ablation has been proved to safely control liver metastases but a combination of radiofrequency ablation with more than liver resection is rarely performed. We report two patients with colorectal primary and synchronous classically unresectable bilobar liver metastases treated with a combination of bowel and liver resection plus radiofrequency ablation. In the first patient we performed left colectomy, left hepatic lobectomy and radiofrequency ablation of lesions in segments I and VII. In the second patient we performed low anterior resection, wedge resections for three superficially placed lesions in segments V and VIII, and radiofrequency ablation of five more deeply located lesions in segments III, IV, VI and VII. Both patients recovered uneventfully. At the eighth month, the first patient developed three new liver metastases that were treated with subsequent radiofrequency ablation and at the tenth and seventh months of follow-up respectively, both patients are disease free. In conclusion, combination of bowel and liver resection plus radiofrequency ablation expands the possibilities to treat more patients with colorectal cancer having synchronous bilobar unresectable liver metastases.     

Laparoscopic liver resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) play central roles to treat early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ≤3 cm, 1–3 nodules, and no macrovascular involvement), although data are lacking regarding whether LLR or RFA is preferable. This study aimed to compare outcomes of both treatments for small HCCs.MethodsTreatment outcomes of small HCCs were compared between all the minor LLRs performed between 2005 and 2016 and RFAs performed between 2011 and 2016 at Kyoto University.ResultsA total of 85 and 136 patients underwent LLR and RFA, respectively. Patients that underwent LLR had higher incidence of blood transfusions, complications, and longer hospital stay. Overall and disease-specific survival rates were similar between LLR and RFA; however, recurrence-free (49.2% vs. 22.1% at 3-year) and local recurrence-free survival rates (94.9% vs. 63.6% at 3-year) were higher after LLR. Multivariate analyses identified that multiple nodules and 65-year-old and above are predictors of disease-specific survival, and that RFA is a predictor of recurrence and local recurrence.ConclusionRFA is less invasive, although both LLR and RFA are safe and effective. LLR provides better local control with superior recurrence-free and local-recurrence free survival. These results help optimize treatment selection based on patient-specific factors.     

对比经皮射频消融术和经腹腔镜下肝切除术治疗Ⅰa期原发性肝癌的临床效果

目的对比经皮射频消融术(PRFA)和经腹腔镜下肝切除术治疗Ⅰa期原发性肝癌的临床效果。方法选取罗田县人民医院2015年1月至2017年1月间收治的Ⅰa期原发性肝癌患者114例,采用随机数字法将其分为PRFA组和腔镜组,每组各57例。比较两组患者并发症发生率,治疗前后肝功能水平、生存时间和无瘤生存时间。结果治疗后,PRFA组患者并发症总发生率为7.02%(4/57),腔镜组患者并发症总发生率为24.56%(14/57),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.00,P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者血清ALT、AST水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,两组患者肝功能水平均显著优于治疗前,且PRFA组患者肝功能水平显著优于腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,PRFA组患者生存时间和无瘤生存时间分别为(34.29±2.88)个月和(27.14±4.16)个月,腔镜组患者生存时间和无瘤生存时间分别为(28.30±4.11)个月和(22.67±3.99)个月,PRFA组患者生存时间和无瘤生存时间均显著优于腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对治疗Ia期原发性肝癌,PRFA与经腹腔镜下肝切除术比较,能够更有利于肝功能恢复,从而更加有效延长患者的生存时间和无瘤生存时间,同时降低并发症发生率,值得在临床推广。     

Renal effects of microwave ablation compared with radiofrequency,cryotherapy and surgical resection at different volumes of the liver treated

Background: Renal changes after microwave tissue ablation (MTA) were compared with those following hepatic resection, cryotherapy (CRYO), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Structural damage producing renal impairment has been assessed directly by examining tissue specimens and by serum analysis for two sensitive biomarkers, retinol binding protein (RBP) and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP‐70) for each modality at different ablation volumes. Methods: Live rats underwent MTA, surgical resection, CRYO or RFA of 15, 33 or 66% of total hepatic volume. Urine and tissue samples were collected at the time of death. Percentage of tubules with casts and glomerular damage, tissue expression of HSP‐70 and urine RBP were evaluated and compared. Behaviour of the animals was also assessed by means of five different parameters and combined to produce a response score. Results: All RFA and CRYO rats undergoing 66% died and these animals had >60% of damaged tubuli and 8% of altered glomeruli. No animals treated by MTA or surgical resection died. Cut‐off values (those predicting fatal treatments) could be identified for levels of HSP‐70 and RBP. Conclusions: Large volume MTA is associated with a significant reduced renal damage and is well tolerated compared with RFA and CRYO.     

Comparative analysis of radiofrequency ablation and resection for resectable colorectal liver metastases

AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for resectable colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)compared with that of resection.METHODS:Between June 2004 and June 2009,we retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with resectable CRLMs;17 patients underwent RFA,and 12 underwent hepatic resection.All of the patients were informed about the treatment modalities and were allowed to choose either of them.RFA including an intraoperative approach was performed by a radiologist;otherwise,hepatic resection was performed by a surgeon.Comparative analysis of the two groups was performed,including comparisons of gender,age,and clinical outcomes,such as primary tumor stage and survival rates.RESULTS:The mean tumor size was significantly larger in the resection group(3.59 cm vs 2.02 cm,P<0.01),and the 5-year overall survival(OS)rate for all patients was 44.7%.There was no difference in the 5-year OS rates between the RFA and resection groups(37.8%vs66.7%).Univariate analysis indicated significantly lower5-year OS rates for patients with a tumor size>3cm.The 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rates were17.6%and 22.2%in the RFA and resection groups,respectively(P=0.119).Univariate analysis revealed that in cases of male gender,age>65 years,T stage<Ⅳ,absence of lymphatic metastasis,and tumor size>3 cm,RFA resulted in significantly inferior 5-year DFS rates compared with surgical resection.CONCLUSION:Surgical resection revealed superior outcomes in the treatment of resectable CRLMs,particularly in cases with a hepatic tumor size>3 cm.     

Thoracoscopy-assisted radiofrequency ablation liver cancer. Report of three cases

To achieve complete ablation of liver cancer in the hepatic dome, thoracoscopy-assisted radiofrequency ablation was attempted in three patients. Under general anesthesia and left lateral position, a thoracoport site was placed in the 6th intercostal space and a small thoracotomy was placed in the 7th intercostal space. In all three cases, the liver cancer was located in the hepatic dome of segment 7/8 and the tumor could not be fully observed on the lung echogram. In Case 1, saline was infused into the thoracic cavity under thoracoscopic observation and percutaneous ablation was safely performed. In Cases 2 and 3, the right diaphragm was opened, guided by ultrasonography, and the electrode was inserted into this working space via the thoracotomy site. At day 7, complete ablation was confirmed by computed tomography. All patients recovered and were discharged after a short hospital stay without severe complications. Tumor recurrence has not been observed in any patient at this stage. For liver cancer located in the right subphrenic dome of the liver, thoracoscopy-assisted ablation is a safe and useful option particularly in patients with poor hepatic function.     

Local radiofrequency ablation techniques for liver metastases of colorectal cancer

Local ablative techniques have been used for several decades in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases and are gaining more and more interest. At this time radiofrequency ablation is the most popular local ablative technique with interesting results on local tumour control, disease free and overall survival. However, the exact place in the treatment of non-resectable colorectal liver metastases and its possible place in the treatment of resectable liver metastases has still to be defined. This article describes the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of radiofrequency ablation, together with the results of the most cited articles, to form a critical review on the use of this technique in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases.     

手术切除联合射频消融治疗结肠癌肝转移疗效分析

目的 探讨手术联合射频消融治疗结肠癌肝转移患者的治疗效果。方法 对2008年1月至2014年3月我科诊治的结肠癌肝转移接受结肠癌根治术和肝内肿瘤灶切除治疗的17例和结肠癌根治术后对肝内肿瘤行射频消融（RFA）治疗的12例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,进行生存分析。结果 单纯手术治疗的17例患者均于术后20个月内死亡,平均生存时间为（13.412±0.912）月,而手术联合射频消融治疗的12例患者随访6~28个月,平均生存时间为（18.496±2.139）月（P<0.05）;RFA治疗后患者均出现不同程度的恶心、呕吐、胸闷、右上腹痛、发热,血清ALT和AST轻度升高。结论 手术联合射频消融治疗结肠癌肝转移是一种可行的、安全的、有效的方法,可以明显延长患者的生存期。     

房颤治疗:外科射频消融术与内科导管射频消融术孰优?

诸学时:2006年10月13日,中国第一家房颤研究治疗中心——北京安贞医院房颤中心,在北京召开的第四届五洲国际心血管病研讨会上正式宣告成立。该中心集医疗、科研、教学、培训和咨询五位一体,整合了安贞医院心脏内科和外科两支房颤研究治疗团队的力量,优势互补。其学科带头人均是我国著名心脏病学专家。心脏内科马长生教授于1998年率先在国内开展房颤的经导管射频消融治疗,截至目前已累计完成近千例,为国内最大系列。在心脏外科孟旭教授带领下,2002年安贞医院开始外科直视下的房颤射频消融术,至今累计完成420例,为国内最大系列,也是亚洲范围内…     

Comparison of prognosis among patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases treated by surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation and HIFU: A protocol for network meta-analysis

Background:Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor second only to lung and breast cancer in the West. The liver is the main target organ for colorectal cancer metastasis, affecting the prognosis and survival. Surgical treatment has made great progress in colorectal cancer liver metastasis, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation.Object:Clinical treatments for colorectal cancer liver metastases are not the same. In order to clarify the impact of surgical resection, RFA and HIFU, we provided a decision-making basis for the clinical treatment of colon cancer liver metastasis through systematic reviews and network meta-analysis (NMA).Methods:We systematically searched the Chinese and English databases: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wan Fang. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out by two researchers, and finally, use Stata to carry out meta-analysis.Results:This study is ongoing and the results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.Protocol registration number:INPLASY202150044.     

射频凝固肝组织的酶组织化学研究

目的比较分析研究NADH（nieotinamide adenine dinucleotide）和HE（hematoxylin and eosin）染色评价射频治疗后即刻肝组织损伤。方法应用RF2000型射频治疗仪及LeVeen电极针,对5只实验猪肝脏进行射频消融,治疗后即刻取肝脏,分别行NADH和HE染色,评价肝组织坏死程度。结果HE染色射频消融中央区表现为核浓缩、胞浆红染,而核碎裂、核消失少见,肝细胞索完整,其细胞核形态和排列较消融前无明显改变。周边带表现为肝窦充血、出血。消融中央区、周边出血带和正常区之间界限模糊,难以准确评价射频消融的组织坏死程度,而NADH染色见消融中央区肝细胞完全失去活力,周边充血出血带肝细胞尚有活力,与正常区呈色截然不同,境界清晰,可准确、快速地对射频消融的肝组织坏死程度作出判断。结论射频是一种有效的肝癌治疗方法,HE染色不能准确评价射频消融对肝组织的即刻灭活效应,酶组织化学NADH染色判定细胞活力简易、直观、准确。     

Percutaneous and surgical radiofrequency ablation of liver malignancies: a single institutional experience

BACKGROUND: the purpose of this study was to report a single academic institution's experience with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver malignancies METHODS: Sixty-five patients underwent RFA technique through a percutaneous (Group I: 33 patients) or a surgical approach (Group II: 32 patients). The two groups were different according to type of disease selection (more hepatocellular carcinoma in Group I and liver metastases in Group II) and tumour features (smaller size but greater number of lesions in Group II). In Group II, RFA was associated to liver resection in 23 patients (72%). RESULTS: The 2-month postoperative mortality and complication rates were low in both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was longer in Group II. During a median follow-up of 24 months in Group I and 21 months in Group II, the local "in-situ" recurrence rate was 41.4% and 9.1%, respectively. For RFA-treated tumours < 30 mm in size, the local "in-situ" recurrence rate was 40.5% in Group I and 0% in Group II. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that larger tumour and a percutaneous approach for RFA were independent predictive factors of local "in-situ" liver tumour recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: RFA appears to be a safe technique for treating liver malignancies by both approaches. Tumour size and type of RFA approach are predictive factors of in-situ liver tumour recurrence.