根际促生菌研究进展及其在药用植物上的应用

当代根际微生态系统理论认为根际是植物、土壤和微生物相互作用的重要界面,也是物质和能量交换的结点,而根际微生物正是根际微生态系统的重要组成部分。根际微生物区系主要以细菌为主,能够促进植物生长、防治病害、增加作物产量的有益微生物被称为根际促生菌(plant growth-promo-     

宏基因组学与道地药材研究

宏基因组学是将分子生物学技术应用于微生物基因总和研究的一门新兴学科,现已广泛应用于医药、农业、海洋生态环境、土壤生态环境等领域。道地药材凭借其质优、疗效好的优势自古以来被各医家所青睐,其形成与诸多因素有关,其中根际微环境在药用植物次生代谢产物形成中起着重要作用。着重介绍宏基因组学的概念、技术策略以及其在道地药材研究中的应用现状,进一步阐明土壤微生物对道地药材形成机制的影响,并为解决药用植物连作障碍提出新的研究思路。     

人参及西洋参栽培土壤微生物种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

目的 研究不同年生人参、西洋参栽培土壤中微生物种群结构差异。方法 采用RAPD技术对采集自吉林省抚松县的18份人参、西洋参根际土和根围土中的微生物种群结构进行遗传多样性分析。结果 栽培年限对根际土及根围土中的微生物种群结构有显著影响;人参和西洋参栽培土壤中的微生物种群结构也存在差异;寄主植物对土壤微生物种群结构的影响表现有根际效应。结论 人参或西洋参根系分泌物对土壤微生物的定向选择压力可能是造成土壤微生物种群遗传多样性变化的主要原因之一,人参或西洋参栽培土壤中微生物种群结构变化是导致土壤生态功能紊乱以及连作障碍形成的关键因子。     

不同氮肥水平对万寿菊根际微生物量的影响研究

目的通过盆栽试验,探讨不同氮肥用量对万寿菊根际微生物数量的影响。方法采用施肥技术、常规稀释平板法对万寿菊根际土壤中微生物数量进行分析。结果在不同氮肥水平下万寿菊根际微生物的数量不同,随着施氮量的增加,细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量均成先增加后减少的变化趋势。结论氮肥的多少与土壤中分解有机质的微生物数量有关,该试验结果可以为万寿菊的合理施肥提供参考依据。     

浙贝母生长过程中生物碱的累积动态及其与根际微环境的相关性分析

[目的]探索土壤微环境对浙贝母生长和品质的影响。[方法]检测浙贝母在苗期、花期和收获期生物碱含量、土壤理化性质以及根际微生物的动态变化,并分析浙贝母根际微生物多样性、土壤理化性质与生物碱合成的相关性。[结果]浙贝母生长期的土壤氢离子浓度指数(hydrogen ion concentration,pH)和有机质含量呈先降后升的趋势,而脲酶和磷酸酶活性则先升后降,但整体呈下降趋势。根际土壤性质均表现出产区差异及种源差异,且产区之间的差异性远大于种源内差异,表明产区环境对浙贝母的生长会产生直接的影响。同时,根际细菌多样性随着浙贝母生长而下降,真菌多样性则先降后升。此外,浙贝母生物碱含量在生长早期含量最高,随着鳞茎的长大其含量随之下降。测序结果表明,浙贝母根际土壤中的细菌主要由变形菌、酸杆菌、放线菌、厚壁菌、拟杆菌以及绿弯菌等门类组成,而真菌则主要由子囊菌、毛霉、壶菌以及担子菌等门类组成。在排名前20的优势属中,Nitrosomonadaceae-uncultured、Gemmatimonadaceae-uncultured及Methylocystaceae-uncultured属随着浙贝母的生长,其变化趋势与生物碱含量的变化趋势相同。相关性分析表明,总生物碱含量与细菌Shannon指数相关(r=0.96,P0.01),但和真菌Shannon指数无相关关系(r=0.17,P0.05)。[结论]浙贝母的生长与土壤因子、根际微生物之间的关系密切,三者相互影响、相互作用,细菌的种类及多样性与浙贝母生物碱的累积密切相关,不容忽视。     

秦艽地上和地下生物量与其根际微生物群落结构关系的研究

目的 研究秦艽Gentiana macrophylla地上和地下生物量与其根际微生物群落结构关系。方法 采用平板培养法测定秦艽根际微生物群落组成。结果 人工栽培秦艽根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量均显著高于野生种类;野生和人工栽培秦艽根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量在高海拔样点最高;人工栽培秦艽地上和地下生物量均显著高于野生种类;秦艽生物量与根际细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量呈正相关。结论 秦艽人工栽培应充分满足其生态要求,尽量在秦艽适宜生长的高海拔低温山区栽培;合理供给氮肥,接种合适的菌肥并增加其土壤微生物总数量可提高秦艽的产量。     

两种药用沙生寄生植物的比较研究

目的 有效地保护和利用天然药用植物。方法 采用形态学、解剖学、组织化学染色等方法，对生长在荒漠中的两种根寄生药用植物肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola和锁阳Cynomorium songaricum进行了比较研究。结果 两种植物在寄主、外部形态、内部结构、组织化学等方面都有很大差别。结论 为这两种植物的鉴别、保护和利用提供理论依据。     

高通量测序揭示杭白芍根际真菌群落年际变化

[目的]通过研究杭白芍根际真菌群落年际变化探讨真菌对杭白芍生长的影响。[方法]采用田间实验,收集不同种植年份的白芍根际土壤及非根际土,提取宏基因组DNA,利用真菌引物进行PCR,再利用454焦磷酸测序检测1~4年生杭白芍的根际土真菌多样性和组成。[结果]测序结果表明,杭白芍根际真菌多样性Shannon指数由高到低依次为:2年生3年生4年生1年生。虽然1年生的最低,但多样性并不是逐年递增。无论种植年限如何,杭白芍根际的真菌均由子囊菌、毛霉、担子菌、球囊菌、壶菌、梳霉以及捕虫霉等真菌组成,其中子囊菌占绝对优势,其相对丰度均在71.4%以上,说明子囊菌与白芍的生长关系密切。比较后发现,尽管种植年限不同,但其优势真菌的种类在门、纲、目、科、属等层次都差别不大,说明种植年限对杭白芍根际的影响不大。比较根际与非根际土的差异,说明杭白芍的根际真菌组成主要由物种和土壤因子共同决定,与种植年限无关。[结论]杭白芍根际真菌群落的年际变化不受种植年限影响,其真菌的种类组成主要由杭白芍与土壤因子共同决定。     

白花蛇舌草连作对土壤微生物数量的影响

目的 以未栽培白花蛇舌草、栽培一茬白花蛇舌草和栽培二茬白花蛇舌草大田土壤为研究对象,分析白花蛇舌草的连作对土壤养分和微生物数量的影响。方法 用营养琼脂培养基、孟加拉红琼脂培养基和高氏一号琼脂培养基分别测定土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量。结果 白花蛇舌草种植后土壤酸度增强;有机质含量无显著变化;土壤中微生物总数增加,其中白花蛇舌草根际处的增加更为明显,表现出根际效应;连作导致土壤中细菌、放线菌数量减少,真菌数量增加。结论 白花蛇舌草连作对土壤养分含量无显著影响,但对土壤酸度和微生物群落结构有较显著影响。     

不同茬口对当归根际微生物数量和产量的影响

目的 研究当归正茬、迎茬、重茬和三茬4个不同茬口对根际土壤主要微生物类群、产量及麻口病出成率的影响.方法 对不同茬口根际土壤采用稀释平板法进行微生物培养,细菌用牛肉膏蛋白胨琼脂培养基,真菌用马丁氏培养基,放线菌用改良高氏1号培养基.结果 迎茬、重茬和三茬根际土壤中的细菌数量分别比正茬降低了15.76%、30.67%和34.24%,真菌分别比正茬增加了24.73%、119.28%和135.77%,微生物多样性指数分别比正茬降低了47.90%、78.84%和80.63%,当归总产量分别比正茬下降了10.59%、29.52%和57.85%,麻口病出成率分别是正茬的1.37、2.52和4.12倍.结论 随着连作年限增加,土壤可培养微生物总数减少,其中细菌和放线菌数量减少,真菌数量明显增加,对连作表现出较高的敏感性,微生物多样性指数明显减小,当归一等归出成率和总产量明显下降,而三等及等外当归出成率及麻口病出成率显著增加.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.