基于microRNA的抗流感病毒研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)作为一种重要的基因表达调控分子,在宿主与病毒相互作用时发挥重要作用。研究发现,宿主感染流感病毒后miRNA表达发生改变,多种miRNA影响流感病毒复制和宿主的抗病毒反应,这类miRNA及其靶点有望成为基因药物和减毒活疫苗研发的重要突破口。除此之外,植物来源的miRNA和主动设计的人工miRNA也体现出抗流感作用。本文就miRNA在抗流感病毒方面的研究进展做一综述。     

微小RNA与胃癌

胃癌的发生是基因和环境共同作用的结果。微小RNA(miRNA)分子可以调控细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等过程,并对胃癌的发生、发展发挥重要的调节作用。近年来,miRNA与胃癌的相关性研究不断深入,从miRNA表达谱研究、miRNA与表观遗传相互调控及幽门螺杆菌感染相关miRNA等方面揭示了miRNA在胃癌发生发展中的作用。miRNA在血液中有高稳定性,循环miRNA无创诊断胃癌有着广阔的临床应用前景。     

miRNA对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响

miRNA具有调控基因表达的作用,目前关于miRNA的发育和作用机制已经有了相对深入的研究。近些年来miRNA对寿命的影响正逐渐被人们所重视,对其作用靶点的进一步研究有利于治疗衰老相关疾病。     

miRNA在心血管疾病中的作用

微RNA(miRNA)是一类长度为21²5个核苷酸的小分子RNA。miRNA参与调控心血管系统的生长发育,对细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等有重要作用。目前对miRNA的发现及其生物功能的研究一直是医学领域的热点之一,已有一些研究证实miRNA是参与心血管疾病发生、发展的重要调控分子,在心脏发育、基因表达和调控中发挥重要的作用。该文将miRNA对心脏发育及其在心血管疾病中的作用予以综述,期望对深入了解miRNA的功能提供新的思路,为临床应用提供依据。     

微小RNA对骨重塑和炎症性骨吸收调控的研究进展

微小RNA(miRNA)是一种通过沉默转录后基因表达发挥功能的重要调控因子,可调控成骨细胞介导的骨形成及破骨细胞相关的骨重塑过程。随着miRNA作用机制研究的不断深入,已经证明其为炎性骨病和代谢性骨病的重要发病因素。因此以miRNA为靶点治疗此类疾病将具有重要意义。本文阐述了miRNA的生成过程和作用机制,并对骨重塑的直接调控作用及炎症条件下miRNA间接调控骨重塑的功能和机制进行探讨。     

靶向微小RNA的病毒感染疾病治疗新策略

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是真核生物细胞的一类长度约为19～25个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,在生物体发育和基因表达过程发挥重要的调控作用。miRNA分子通过与靶mRNA的互补配对,在转录后水平上对基因的表达进行负调控。近来研究表明miRNA在病毒感染宿主过程中发挥重要作用。通过设计抗miRNA反义寡核苷酸促进或阻断特定miRNA的表达可以实现抑制病毒复制的目标。本文综述了抗miRNA反义寡核苷酸研究现状和面临的挑战。     

MicroRNA在肝胆细胞内的表达与相关性的研究进展

<正>近年来,miRNA以其特有的基因、生物学特性及潜在的生物医学应用价值,在治疗各项难治性疾病中越来越引人注意,研究miRNA在胆管上皮细胞再生修复中的调控作用机制,从而解决胆道并发症——"阿格硫斯之踵"医学难题。1993年,LEE等在秀丽新小杆线虫发育调控研究中发现了第一个miRNA[1],7年后Pasquinelli在对线虫发育调控中发现了let-7[2]。目前已有500余个miRNA在人体内发现。miRNA在肝     

迈向二十一世纪的药用植物生物技术

本文阐述了当今涉及到基因工程，细胞工程，组织、器官培养等几个层次上所进行的药用植物生物技术。同时对细胞培养与活性成分生产，转基因器官培养，转基植物，药用植物有效成分的调控技术等当前药用植物生物技术的研究热点进行了讨论。     

bZIP转录因子的生物学功能及其在中药材品质改良中的应用前景

植物来源中药材的品质与药用植物的生长及次生代谢密切相关。bZIP转录因子作为基因表达的关键调控因子,在植物生长发育、生物及非生物胁迫应答、次生代谢过程中发挥重要作用,对提高药用植物抗性、促进有效成分积累具有重要意义和价值。已证实通过调控bZIP转录因子的表达可有效提高青蒿、人参、丹参等中药材的品质。在阐明bZIP转录因子生物学功能的基础上,探讨其对药用植物品质(形态特征、抗逆反应、次生代谢)的影响,展望其在中药材品质改良中的应用前景,为深入探究bZIP转录因子在药用植物生长发育及有效成分积累中的作用提供参考,为优质中药材的培育和生产提供依据。     

基因调控技术提高药用植物细胞有效成分产量的研究进展

利用植物细胞培养技术生产具有重要经济价值的药用植物次生代谢产物为中药可持续发展提供了一条新的途径。然而,药用植物细胞培养过程中目的次生代谢产物的低产问题一直困扰着该技术的发展与应用,传统的克服这一问题的方法主要有优化培养条件、筛选高产细胞株等,大量的研究结果表明,通过上述途径无法从根本上解决植物细胞次生代谢产物的低产问题。近年来,随着基因工程等现代生物技术的发展,人们尝试利用基因调控手段来调节植物细胞的次生代谢,如采用关键酶基因调控技术、转录因子调控技术等从分子水平上解决药用植物细胞次生代谢产物的低产…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.