假体置换治疗髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎

目的：探讨髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎行人工全髋置换治疗的疗效。方法：12例（14髋）因髋臼发育不良所引起的严重骨关节炎患作了人工全髋关节置换治疗。结果：优4例，良6例，中2例。结论：对髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎行人工全髋置换术的适应证应严格掌握，只有当疼痛影响生活质量，功能障碍非常明显而保守治疗无效时方可实施。     

Current concepts in management of femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an increasingly recognized condition, which is believed to contribute to degenerative changes of the hip. This correlation has led to a great deal of interested in diagnosis and treatment of FAI. FAI can be divided into two groups: cam and pincer type impingement. FAI can lead to chondral and labral pathologies, that if left untreated, can progress rapidly to osteoarthritis. The diagnosis of FAI involves a detailed history, physical exam, and radiographs of the pelvis. Surgical treatment is indicated in anatomic variants known to cause FAI. The primary goal of surgical treatment is to increase joint clearance and decrease destructive forces being transmitted through the joint. Treatment has been evolving rapidly over the past decade and includes three primary techniques: open surgical dislocation, mini-open, and arthroscopic surgery. Open surgical dislocation is a technique for dislocating the femoral head from the acetabulum with a low risk of avascular necrosis in order to reshape the neck or acetabular rim to improve joint clearance. Mini-open treatment is performed using the distal portion of an anterior approach to the hip to visualize and to correct acetabular and femoral head and neck junction deformities. This does not involve frank dislocation. Recently, arthroscopic treatment has gained popularity. This however does have a steep learning curve and is best done by an experienced surgeon. Short- to mid-term results have shown relatively equal success with all techniques in patients with no or only mild evidence of degenerative changes. Additionally, all techniques have demonstrated low rates of complications.     

Surgical hip dislocation for treatment of cam femoroacetabular impingement

Background:

Cam femoroacetabular impingement is caused by a misshapen femoral head with a reduced head neck offset, commonly in the anterolateral quadrant. Friction in flexion, adduction and internal rotation causes limitation of the hip movements and pain progressively leading to labral and chondral damage and osteoarthritis. Surgical hip dislocation described by Ganz permits full exposure of the hip without damaging its blood supply. An osteochondroplasty removes the bump at the femoral head neck junction to recreate the offset for impingement free movement.

Materials and Methods:

Sixteen patients underwent surgery with surgical hip dislocation for the treatment of cam femoroacetabular impingement by open osteochondroplasty over last 6 years. Eight patients suffered from sequelae of avascular necrosis (AVN). Three had a painful dysplastic hip. Two had sequelae of Perthes disease. Three had combined cam and pincer impingement caused by retroversion of acetabulum. All patients were operated by the trochanteric flip osteotomy with attachments of gluteus medius and vastus lateralis, dissection was between the piriformis and gluteus minimus preserving the external rotators. Z-shaped capsular incision and dislocation of the hip was done in external rotation. Three cases also had subtrochanteric osteotomy. Two cases of AVN also had an intraarticular femoral head reshaping osteotomy.

Results:

Goals of treatment were achieved in all patients. No AVN was detected after a 6 month followup. There were no trochanteric nonunions. Hip range of motion improved in all and Harris hip score improved significantly in 15 of 16 cases. Mean alpha angle reduced from 86.13° (range 66°–108°) to 46.35° (range 39°–58°).

Conclusion:

Cam femoroacetabular Impingement causing pain and limitation of hip movements was treated by open osteochondroplasty after surgical hip dislocation. This reduced pain, improved hip motion and gave good to excellent results in the short term.     

Seasonal variation in adult hip disease secondary to osteoarthritis and developmental dysplasia of the hip

AIM To determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).METHODS The total hip registry from the author's institution for the years 1969 to 2013 was reviewed. The month of birth,age,gender,and ethnicity was recorded. Differences between number of births observed and expected in the winter months(October through February) and non-winter mo(March through September) were analyzed with the χ2 test. Detailed temporal variation was mathematically assessed using cosinor analysis.RESULTS There were 7792 OA patients and 60 DDH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. There were more births than expected in the winter months for both the DDH(P 0.0001) and OA(P = 0.0052) groups. Cosinor analyses demonstrated a peak date of birth on 1st October. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate an increased prevalence of DDH and OA in those patients born in winter.     

Dysplasia of the hip in adolescent patients successfully treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip

Background  

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether hips treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) during infancy, which were clinically and radiologically fully normalized by walking age, may become dysplastic again during later growth.     

Patients’ Characteristics Can Predict Clinical Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy by Reflecting the Patterns of Labral Tears: A Retrospective Observational Study

PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between morphological differences in labral tears and clinical features of the hip joint in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of labral tears. Hip labral tears were morphologically classified as longitudinal peripheral tears (group L), radial fibrillated tears (group FI), radial flaps (group FL), and an unstable labrum (group U). Radiographically, the center–edge angle, acetabular roof obliquity, vertical-center-anterior angle, alpha angle, femoral head-neck offset ratio, and crossover sign were evaluated and compared among the groups. The relationship between labral morphology and these radiographic findings, as well as clinical findings, such as age, gender, preoperative range of hip motion, and the clinical outcomes using modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) were also examined.ResultsThis study included fifty patients. Groups L and FI were often observed in late middle-aged patients with relatively shallow acetabular coverage. Group FL tears were frequently observed in young males with radiographic features, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), compared to the other groups. Group U comprised mostly young females with relatively shallow acetabular coverage compared to the other groups. For the postoperative mHHS, group FL showed the best score among all groups, with a significant difference between groups FL and FI (p = 0.034).ConclusionsOur study revealed that morphologically, different labral tears were associated with different clinical features and radiological findings. Especially, our study can provide predictive findings for hip arthroscopists that younger males with FAI show better clinical outcomes when compared to middle-aged females with shallow acetabulum, which is indicative of degenerative hip labral tears.Level of evidenceIV case series.     

Hip preservation surgery—Can we change the natural history of osteoarthritis?

Structural abnormalities of the hip including developmental dysplasia (DDH) and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are a predominant cause of primary osteoarthritis. While affected patients may have significant pain and functional limitations, many may remain asymptomatic and will likely incur intra-articular damage over time. The objective of this review is to explore the natural history of DDH, FAI, and the current outcomes of hip preservation surgery including peri-acetabular osteotomy, hip arthroscopy, and surgical hip dislocation.     

Juxta-acetabular mucoid cyst in a patient with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to dysplasia

Summary A marginal acetabular notch associated with a soft tissue mucoid cyst was observed in a 54 year old woman suffering from osteo-arthritis of the left hip with bilateral hip dysplasia. This condition is compared with observations made in patients suffering from osteo-arthritis of the knee with similar findings on the medial tibial condyle. The role of enthesopathic factors in the pathogenesis of such changes is postulaled.

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Résumé Chez une femme de 54 ans, étude d'un cas de dysplasie des deux hanches avec coxarthrose à gauche. Le sourcil cotyloïdien présente une encoche en regard de laquelle on découvre à l'interventation un kyste des parties molles. La nature de ce kyste est discutée à la lumière d'observations semblables concernant la tubérosité tibiale interne en regard de genoux arthrosiques. Le rôle des facteurs enthéso-pathiques dans la pathogénie de ces modifications est discuté.

     

髋臼周围旋转截骨术联合髋关节镜治疗中青年髋臼发育不良

目的评价髋臼周围旋转截骨术(rotational acetabular osteotomy,RAO)联合髋关节镜下关节清理治疗中青年髋臼发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的有效性。方法回顾分析2002年4月-2007年8月采用改良RAO联合髋关节镜下关节清理术治疗的24例29髋中青年DDH患者临床资料。男2例2髋,女22例27髋;年龄21～50岁,平均37.7岁。左髋7例,右髋12例,双髋5例。髋部疼痛时间8～216个月,中位时间30.5个月。DDH根据Crowe分型标准:Ⅰ型24髋,Ⅱ型5髋。根据T?nnis髋关节骨关节炎分级系统评定:Ⅰ期20髋,Ⅱ期9髋。结果手术时间为120～180 min,平均150 min;术中出血量为500～700 mL,平均600 mL;术后引流量为50～400 mL,平均200 mL。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。24例均获随访,随访时间3～8年,平均4.5年。末次随访时,16例跛行症状消失,8例步态改善;髋关节Harris评分由术前的(79.4±9.8)分提高至(95.1±8.6)分(t=2.467,P=0.010),疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前的(5.1±0.8)分改善至(1.1±0.6)分(t=2.118,P=0.011)。X线片检查示截骨部位于12～16周达骨性愈合,平均13.5周;末次随访时髋臼中心边缘角、Sharp角、髋臼覆盖率及头臼指数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时,20髋术前T?nnisⅠ期骨关节炎患者,均维持Ⅰ期;9髋Ⅱ期患者中,5髋改善为Ⅰ期,4例维持Ⅱ期。结论对有髋部疼痛症状的中青年DDH患者,早期通过RAO改善髋臼对股骨头的包容、匹配程度,并联合髋关节镜下关节清理术改善髋关节腔内环境,可以改善DDH临床症状和髋关节功能,延缓或阻止骨关节炎的进展。     

全髋置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良(DDH)伴髋关节骨性关节炎的手术疗效.方法 对11例(12髋)因DDH致髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术.根据Zionts分级,Ⅰ度7髋,Ⅱ度5髋.术前Harris评分28～63(48.1±9.4)分.结果 11例均获随访,时间6个月～6年.术后Harris评分为82～98(88.6±7.6)分.1例术后3年X线片示人工臼与植骨块间有透亮线,余患者人工臼位置均无移位、松动.有2例患肢轻度跛行,无疼痛,可以长距离行走.结论 全髋置换术解除患者症状,改善关节功能,提高生活质量,是一种行之有效的治疗方法.手术成功的关键在于加深髋臼、内移髋关节活动中心及适当植骨.     

成人常见髋关节疾病双侧髋关节解剖参数的研究

目的探讨行全髋关节置换术中利用对侧相对正常髋关节的解剖参数作为模板重建患侧髋关节的准确性。 方法选取2019年9月至2020年12月于大连医科大学附属第一医院关节外科行首次单侧全髋关节置换术的患者作为研究对象。纳入标准：患侧诊断为髋关节骨关节炎、股骨头坏死或髋关节发育不良Crowe Ⅰ型;对侧髋关节形态不影响测量。排除标准：患侧髋关节既往手术史;畸形严重影响测量;髋关节发育不良Crowe Ⅱ型及以上。最后共纳入82例患者,其中33例男性,49例女性,年龄范围29~74岁。根据患者X线及CT影像数据,分别测量患者患侧及对侧髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、颈干角以及股骨偏心距,并计算其各自的联合前倾角。运用t检验、Pearson相关性分析等统计学方法分析双侧髋关节解剖参数的对称性。 结果对股骨头坏死及髋关节骨关节炎患者来说,除双侧股骨偏心距患侧小于对侧外(t＝0.523,P <0.05),余双侧髋关节解剖参数包括髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角及颈干角的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示股骨头坏死及骨关节炎患者股骨偏心距的不对称性与颈干角有相关性(r＝-0.519,P<0.001),颈干角的不对称性与股骨前倾角(r＝0.303,P＝0.041)以及股骨偏心距有相关性,联合前倾角的不对称性与髋臼外展角(r＝0.311,P＝0.035)、颈干角(r＝0.049,P＝0.032)有相关性。Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者的髋臼前倾角(t＝2.081,P＝0.045)、股骨偏心距(t＝3.934,P<0.001)患侧小于对侧,颈干角患侧大于对侧(t＝3.792,P＝0.001);而双侧髋臼外展角、股骨前倾角、联合前倾角差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现股骨偏心距的不对称性与颈干角(r＝-0.709,P<0.001)、股骨前倾角(r＝-0.349,P＝0.037)有相关性。Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者的股骨偏心距小于股骨头坏死患者或髋关节骨关节炎患者,而髋臼前倾角、髋臼外展角、颈干角大于后者。 结论对于股骨头坏死患者及髋关节骨关节炎患者来说利用对侧肢体作为模板重建患侧髋关节是可行的。而Crowe Ⅰ型髋关节发育不良患者双侧髋关节解剖形态差异较大,对这类患者的全髋关节置换术需个体化。