常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的实验研究

目的　为了探讨常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的机理。方法　１５ 条犬随机分成三组,在体外循环下分别灌注三种不同的心停搏液,对三种不同的心肌保护方法进行对比观察。结果　温血心停搏液灌注液（Ｃ组） 的ＣＫ－ ＭＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＡ 及钙离子含量在心脏再灌注３０ｍｉｎ 时均明显低于冷晶体（Ａ 组） 及冷血心停搏液灌注组（Ｂ组）（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）;而ＡＴＰ 含量则明显高于Ａ、Ｂ 两组（ Ｐ＜０－０５）。心肌超微结构检查也显示Ｃ组心肌无明显缺血损伤。结论　常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的效果良好。     

改良超滤在重症瓣膜病体外循环中的临床应用

目的总结重症心脏瓣膜病体外循环中使用改良超滤的临床经验,探讨提高早期生存率的措施。方法自2005年6月至2008年7月,对78例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术体外循环中加用改良超滤,其中单纯二尖瓣置换12例,二尖瓣置换十三尖瓣成形22例,单纯主动脉瓣置换8例,二尖瓣＋主动脉瓣置换＋三尖瓣成形35例,二尖瓣置换＋冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。复温开始超滤,在血液动力学基本稳定时,开始改良超滤,超滤时间和超滤量以红细胞压积来决定,根据患者的血容量、胶体渗透压、红细胞压积,选择超滤速度和滤出量。结果死亡6例,其中术后并发低心排血量5例,心室颤动治疗无效死亡1例,死亡率7．69％。随访53例,平均随访2．5年,死亡5例。结论改良超滤能高效超滤多余水分减少机体水肿和滤出炎症介质减少炎性反应,提高了左心室收缩功能及舒张顺应性,明显提高术后心指数、左室每搏功指数和每搏指数,减少术后早期尿量,缩短呼吸机辅助通气时间和重症监护时间,重症瓣膜病手术患者应用改良超滤会有效提高术后早期的预后。     

温血诱导心脏停搏和主动脉开放前温血灌注的心肌保护作用

将１５只犬随机分为低温心脏停搏（下简称停搏）、主动脉开放前温血灌注、常温停搏十主动脉开放前温血灌注３组。结果发现低温诱导停搏对心肌代谢、心脏收缩及舒张功能的保护均不理想，主动脉开放前温血灌注能改善低温停搏的保护效果，但对冠状循环及舒张功能的保护仍不完善，常温停搏十主动脉开放前温血灌注能较完善的保护心肌代谢、心脏收缩及舒张功能。     

大剂量糖皮质激素在体外循环心脏手术中的应用

将９４年８月至９５年７月施行的１０３例体外循环心脏直视手术随机分成两组，实验组５２例，使用甲基强的松龙；对照组５１例。观察结果显示：实验组在术后循环和呼吸功能的恢复及术后有关并发症等方面均得到明显改善。     

del Nido停搏液在常温体外循环下心脏手术中的应用：一项回顾性观察研究

目的 回顾性分析常温体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）与低温CPB使用del Nido停搏液在成人心脏瓣膜手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月在广东省人民医院行心肺转流下心脏直视手术的77例成人患者的临床资料。入选患者均在CPB中使用del Nido停搏液进行心肌保护,按照CPB温度管理分成两组,常温组（≥35℃）39例,低温组（31～32℃）38例。观察两组患者手术时间、CPB时间及主动脉阻断时间;同时收集患者心肌损伤标志物及患者预后情况进行比较。结果 常温组患者的手术时间、CPB时间及主动脉阻断时间明显低于低温组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。与低温组患者相比,常温组患者在手术方式、除颤情况、术后机械通气时间、重症监护时间、术后正性肌力药物评分（vasoactive inotropic score,VIS）、术后24 h的左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、术后住院时间、围术期死亡、术后恶性心律失常、术后低心排血量综合征等均差异无统计学意义（P>...     

直视微创心脏外科手术体外循环建立的经验

目的：讨论直视微创心脏外科手术体外循环建立方法及建立量化学习曲线并减少学习所需例数。方法：选取我院2010年4月至2012年12月,行直视微创心脏外科患者217例,其中包括瓣膜病145例（66.8%）,先天性心脏病（先心病）71例（32.7%）,外伤1例（0.5%）。体外循环建立方法均为经股动静脉及右侧颈静脉插管,食道超声术中引导并调整插管位置至上下腔静脉开口处。双腔气管插管。经右侧胸骨第3或4肋间经胸腔入路,左侧肺单侧呼吸情况下,以Chitwood钳经胸阻断升主动脉的情况下,升主动脉根部灌注晶体或HTK停跳液,心脏停跳行心脏手术,或者不灌注停跳液行体外循环下不停跳心脏手术。体外循环结束后,拔除股动静脉置管,6-0prolene线缝合股动脉重建通路,股静脉荷包打结止血,颈静脉压迫止血。结果：此种体外循环建立方式较之常规体外循环的建立方法有很大不同,有操作例数经验的学习曲线,体外循环建立和撤销时间在经过50例左右的操作经验后,可以安全快速的完成。结论：在跨越学习曲线后,直视微创心脏外科手术体外循环是安全、有效、易于操作的手术技术。     

体外循环心脏不停搏心内手术对肝功能的影响

目的研究体外循环心脏不停搏及停跳手术对肝功能影响的差异。方法检测体外循环心脏不停搏心内直视手术患者及体外循环心脏停搏心内直视手术患者各50例手术前,转机30min,术后2h,1d,3d和7d的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanineaminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartateaminotransferase,AST)、AST/ALT、碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)、γ谷氨酰转移酶(gammaglutamyltransferase,GGT)变化。结果体外循环心脏手术后患者的ALT、AST、AST/ALT、ALP、GGT均升高,不停搏手术患者的恢复较快。结论体外循环心脏手术对肝功能有影响,不停搏手术的影响较小。     

体外循环不停搏下冠脉搭桥手术治疗高危冠心病的临床疗效

目的探讨体外循环下心脏不停搏冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)在高危冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法行体外循环下OPCABG术患者41例,比较术前及术后心功能变化。结果术后早期临床效果良好,平均远端吻合口数目(2.7±0.8)个,呼吸机辅助时间(30.1±16)h、监护时间(3.5±2.4)d、院内死亡率5%。结论体外循环下OPCABG术在高危冠心病患者是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

再次瓣膜置换术的体外循环管理

在体外循环下行再次瓣膜置换术96例,手术过程均顺利。认为充分的术前准备、膜式氧合器的应用、良好的心肌保护、抑肽酶术后止血、应用超滤或改良超滤是再次瓣膜置换术体外循环管理的关键。     

Levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among older people in Queensland

Objectives: The current study was conducted to determine levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in older people in Queensland, Australia. Methods: A telephone survey of 4490 Queensland adults examined respondents’ knowledge of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, knowledge of heart attack symptoms, knowledge of the local emergency telephone number, as well as respondents’ rates and recency of training in CPR. Results: Older participants, aged 60 years and over, were approximately one and a half times more likely than the 30–39 year‐old reference group to have limited knowledge of heart disease risk factors (OR = 1.53), and low knowledge of heart attack symptoms (OR = 1.60). Knowledge of the local emergency telephone number also decreased with age. Older participants had significantly lower rates of training in CPR, with almost three quarters (71.7%) reporting that they had never been trained. Older people who had completed CPR training were significantly less likely to have done so recently. Conclusions: Cardiac knowledge levels and CPR training rates in older Queensland persons were lower than those found in the younger population.     

老年人心肺复苏的特点及临床分析

目的了解6年来我院老年人心肺复苏（CPR）现状,分析其临床特点,研究防治对策。方法对本院2002年6月至2008年6月发生的335例心跳骤停（CA）的患者资料进行分析,按年龄分为老年组（年龄≥60岁）和非老年组（年龄〈60岁）,比较2组自主循环恢复（ROSC）成功率、脑复苏成功率; 分析2组CPR开始时间、人工气道开始建立时间、CPR持续时间、除颤次数、肾上腺素用量,组间进行比较。结果非老年组ROSC成功率为32.42%,脑复苏率为3.85%,老年组ROSC成功率为20.92%,脑复苏成功率为0.65%。2组之间CPR开始时间、人工气道开始建立时间方面无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,肾上腺素用量上有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论老年人CA患者CPR成功率相当低,重视老年人基础疾病的救治,完善急救医疗体系建设,是提高老年人CPR成功率的关键措施。     

心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中呼气末二氧化碳分压的比较

目的探讨心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)的变化情况。方法选取本院2011年10月~2013年12月诊治的心搏骤停患者86例,均行心肺复苏治疗和PETCO2监测。根据复苏效果分为两组,34例患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)为观察组,52例患者复苏未成功为对照组,比较两组患者不同时间点PETCO2的变化情况。根据存活时间,将观察组分为两组,19例患者于24h内死亡为A组,15例患者存活大于24h为B组,比较两组患者不同时间点PETCO2的变化情况。结果对照组患者PETCO2先升高后降低,观察组患者PETCO2持续升高,观察组患者PETCO2在多个时相点均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);A组与B组患者PETCO2均持续升高,B组患者PETCO2在多个时相点均明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中,PETCO2与患者预后密切相关,可作为心肺复苏预后的有效监测指标。     

Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts in a Greek tertiary hospital

Abstract

Introduction: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death and despite recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the survival to hospital discharge is poor. The aim of our study was to evaluate the success of resuscitation efforts in a tertiary hospital.

Patients and Methods: We retrospectively collected and analysed data on all patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted after in-hospital cardiac arrest in one-year period.

Results: 96 cardiac arrest victims were studied. Sustained return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 15 (15.6%) patients, while all of them survived for 24 h. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, initiation of resuscitation efforts in less than 5 min, and intubation time < 1 min after team arrival were predictive factors associated with restoration of spontaneous circulation. Non-certified residents resuscitated 87 (90.6%) patients with 6 (6.8%) of them achieving return of spontaneous circulation and surviving for 24 h. On the contrary, certified ward residents resuscitated nine (9.3%) patients with 100% immediate and 24-h survival.

Conclusion: In our hospital, certified providers had remarkably higher successful resuscitation rates for in-hospital cardiac arrest than non-certified providers. This finding suggests that training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, continuing medical education, and implementation of the existing legislation will result in increased survival.     

Application of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to summarize the clinical experience of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in the treatment of adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest.MethodsThe clinical data of 12 cases of adult patients with cardiac arrest hospitalized between June 2015 and September 2019 who were unable to achieve return of spontaneous circulation effectively with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) and were treated with ECPR technology were retrospectively analyzed. The group included six males and six females aged between 18 and 69 years. All the patients underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) support with the adoption of femoral artery and vein catheterization.ResultsThe duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the 12 patients was 32–125 min, and the ECMO duration was 2–190 h. Four patients were successfully weaned from ECMO and survived until hospital discharge. The other eight patients died in hospital; hemodynamic collapse (four patients) in the early stage of ECMO and severe neurological complications (three patients) were the main causes of death.ConclusionsSingle-center data showed that ECPR provided a new rescue alternative for some patients with reversible refractory cardiac arrest. We have demonstrated that the success rate of treatment could be improved by selecting suitable patients and reducing the CPR duration as much as possible.     

Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden.

AIM: To describe possible factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival among patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: A national survey in Sweden among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitative efforts were attempted. Sixty per cent of ambulance organizations were included. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation. Survival was defined as survival 1 month after cardiac arrest. RESULTS: In all, 14065 reports were included in the evaluation. Of these, resuscitation efforts were attempted in 10966 cases, of which 1089 were witnessed by ambulance crews. The report deals with the remaining 9877 patients, of whom bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted in 36%. Survival to 1 month was 8.2% among patients who received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs 2.5% among patients who did not receive it (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 2.9-4.3). The effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival was related to: (1) the interval between collapse and the start of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (effect more marked in patients who experienced a short delay); (2) the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (effect more marked if both chest compressions and ventilation were performed than if either of them was performed alone); (3) the category of bystander (effect more marked if bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed by a non-layperson); (4) interval between collapse and arrival of the ambulance (effect more marked if this interval was prolonged); (5) age (effect more marked in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the elderly); and (6) the location of the arrest (effect more marked if the arrest took place outside the home). CONCLUSION: The effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can be modified by various factors. Factors that were associated with the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were the interval between the collapse and the start of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, whether or not the bystander was a layperson, the interval between collapse and the arrival of the ambulance, age and the place of arrest.     

居家心脏康复和中心心脏康复对冠心病患者心肺适能的影响

目的 探索居家心脏康复(HBCR)和中心心脏康复(CBCR)对冠心病(CHD)患者心肺适能的影响.方法 选取2018年11月至2019年10月在解放军总医院心脏康复中心门诊就诊的18～80岁的CHD患者,采用随机数表和信封法将患者分为HBCR组和CBCR组,分别以HBCR或CBCR干预3个月.对比2组患者干预前后的峰值...     

完全胸腔镜下体外循环心脏瓣膜手术279例

目的 探讨经胸腔镜体外循环心脏瓣膜手术的疗效和安全性.方法 于2012年1月至2014年6月在广东省人民医院经胸腔镜体外循环施行心脏瓣膜手术279例.包括二尖瓣换瓣201例,二尖瓣整形78例.合并三尖瓣整形98例,三尖瓣换瓣3例,清除左心房血栓19例,合并先天性心脏病房间隔修补5例,卵圆孔封闭术3例.使用30°胸腔镜及配套手术器械,股动脉插供血管,股静脉和（或）上腔静脉插引流管行体外循环,胸腔内操作均在胸腔镜下进行,以30°胸腔镜显示屏为手术野.结果 本组279例患者手术成功276例,成功率98.9％,术中转为正中开胸2例,术后行正中开胸止血1例.体外循环时间（144.3±44.4）min,升主动脉阻断时间（92.4±30.7） min,术后呼吸机辅助时间11（2～88）h,术后住院时间（8.2±4.6）d,术后24 h胸腔闭式引流量100（20～800） mL.全部患者无死亡.38例发生并发症,发生率13.6％;包括术中转正中开胸2例,术后二次止血14例,右侧气胸2例,肺炎9例,泌尿系统感染2例,消化道出血1例,心脏骤停1例,术后低心排血量综合征3例,伤口感染1例,伤口愈合不良2例,出现股静脉穿刺处血栓1例.术后随访复查心脏B超,时间为2～25个月,57例出现轻度二尖瓣反流（反流面积＜4 cm2）,5例出现中度二尖瓣反流（4 cm2≤反流面积＜8 cm2）,其中1例伴有二尖瓣中度梗阻.结论 完全胸腔镜下二尖瓣换瓣或整形术及三尖瓣换瓣或整形术是安全可行的.