中下段直肠癌血管内皮生长因子表达与直肠系膜转移的关系

目的分析中下段直肠癌血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达与临床病理特征的关系。初步探讨中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移的分子机制。方法采用病理大切片前瞻性研究56例中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移情况，采用免疫组织化学技术检测肿瘤组织VEGF表达。结果57．1％（32／56）中下段直肠癌VEGF表达阳性；T3直肠癌VEGF表达阳性率为74．1％。明显高于配和T1直肠癌的43．5％和33．3％（P〈0．05）；淋巴结转移阳性的中下段直肠癌VEGF表达阳性率为72．4％明显高于淋巴结转移阴性的40．7％（P〈0．05）；中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移率为64．3％（36／56）。36例系膜转移阳性直肠癌25例（69．4％）VEGF表达阳性，而20例系膜转移阴性直肠癌仅7例（35％）VEGF表达阳性，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中下段直肠癌VEGF表达与浸润深度和淋巴结转移密切相关。VEGF可能参与中下殷盲肠癌盲肠系膊转移的发生．     

中下段直肠癌基质金属蛋白酶-2表达与直肠系膜转移的关系

目的分析基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）在中下段直肠癌的表达及与直肠系膜转移的关系。方法采用病理大切片技术前瞻性研究56例中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移的情况，免疫组织化学技术检测肿瘤组织MMP-2的表达。结果75％（42／56）的中下段直肠癌MMP-2表达阳性；T2、T3期直肠癌MMP-2表达阳性率分别为69．6％和88．9％，明显高于T1期直肠癌的33．3％（P=0．013）。Ming分型中，浸润型直肠癌MMP-2表达阳性率为91．2％，明显高于膨胀型直肠癌的40．0％（P=0．001）。中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移率为64．3％（36／56）。系膜转移阳性的36例中有31例（86．1％）MMP-2表达阳性，而系膜转移阴性的20例中仅11例（55．0％）MMP-2表达阳性（P=0．01）。结论中下段直肠癌MMP-2表达与浸润深度和Ming分型密切相关。MMP-2可能参与中下段直肠癌直肠系膜转移的发生。     

中下段直肠癌VEGF表达状况与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的 分析中下段直肠癌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达状况与临床病理特征的关系,初步探讨中下段直肠癌淋巴结微转移的分子机制.方法 应用CK-20免疫组化技术对56例中下段直肠癌患者共计661枚淋巴结检测微转移,同时检测肿瘤组织中VEGF表达情况.结果 57.1%(32/56)中下段直肠癌VEGF表达阳性;T3直肠癌VEGF表达阳性率为74.1%,明显高于T2和T1直肠癌的43.5%和33.3%(P＝0.043);淋巴结转移阳性的中下段直肠癌VEGF表达阳性率为72.4%,明显高于淋巴结转移阴性的40.7%(P＝0.017);20例(35.7%)中下段直肠癌患者67枚(10.1%)淋巴结检出微转移,该20例检测出淋巴结微转移的癌组织中15例(75%)VEGF表达阳性,而36例未检测出淋巴结微转移的癌组织中仅有17例(47.2%)VEGF表达阳性,(P＝0.044).结论 中下段直肠癌VEGF表达状况与浸润深度和淋巴结转移密切相关,VEGF可能参与中下段直肠癌淋巴结微转移的发生.     

胃癌组织中MMP-2和E-cadherin的表达及意义

目的检测胃癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和E-钙黏附素（E-cadherin）的表达，探讨其与胃癌侵袭转移的关系。方法对我科2003年12月至2004年4月30例胃癌手术患者，采用免疫组化染色检测胃癌组织中MMP-2和E-cadherin的表达情况。结果70％（21／30）的胃癌组织中MMP-2表达阳性。MMP-2表达阳性与浸润深度（P=0．022）、淋巴结转移（P=0．030）和肿瘤分化程度（P=0．043）密切相关，但与性别、年龄、肿瘤位置和直径、Lauren分型及淋巴管侵袭无关（P〉0．05）。46．7％（14／30）的胃癌组织中E-cadherin表达阴性。E-cadherin表达阴性与Lauren分型（P=0．026）、肿瘤分化程度（P=0．011）、淋巴结转移（P=0．038）和淋巴管侵袭（P：0．001）密切相关。结论胃癌组织中MMP-2表达上调和E-cadherin表达下移可能参与肿瘤侵袭转移的发生。     

中期因子、VEGF及MMP-2在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨中期因子(MK)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法选取2013年2月至2016年2月89例结直肠癌患者癌组织,同时选取癌旁组织作为对照,采用免疫组织化学检测MK、VEGF和MMP-2表达。数据分析采用SPSS 19.0软件,两种组织中MK、VEGF及MMP-2阳性表达率以及与临床特征关系比较使用χ2检验,三者的表达相关性采用Spearman秩相关分析。P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果结直肠癌组织MK、VEGF及MMP-2阳性表达率分别为80.9%、83.2%和89.9%,明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05);Duke分期C-D期患者MK、VEGF及MMP-2阳性表达率分别为93.4%、93.4%和96.7%,明显高于A-B期患者(P0.05);有淋巴结转移患者MK、VEGF及MMP-2阳性表达率分别为93.6%、93.6%和97.9%,明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P0.05);MK、VEGF及MMP-2阳性表达与结直肠癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、部位及组织分化无关(P0.05);结直肠癌组织MK表达与MMP-2和VEGF表达呈正相关(r=0.774和0.406,P0.05)。结论 MK、VEGF及MMP-2在结直肠癌组织中的高表达,与Dukes分期和淋巴结转移有一定关系。     

中下段直肠癌E-钙黏附素表达与淋巴结微转移的关系研究

目的:分析中下段直肠癌E-钙黏附素(E-cadherin)表达与淋巴结微转移的关系。方法:应用CK-20免疫组化技术,对56例中下段直肠癌中661枚淋巴结微转移状况进行检测,同时观察肿瘤组织中E-钙黏附素的表达情况。结果:HE染色检测出29例中的190枚淋巴结呈转移,其CK-20免疫组化检测均呈阳性,后者在该29例中另检出12例55枚淋巴结呈阳性;在27例HE染色未检出淋巴结转移者中,有8例12枚淋巴结免疫组化检测呈阳性。20例(36%)67枚(10%)淋巴结检出微转移。中下段直肠癌E-钙黏附素表达阴性率为44.6%(25/56)。中下段直肠癌E-钙黏附素表达阴性与浸润深度(P=0.028)、分化程度(P=0.012)和淋巴结转移(P=0.007)密切相关。20例检测出淋巴结微转移的癌组织中14例(70%)E-钙黏附素表达阴性,而36例未检测出淋巴结微转移的癌组织中仅有11例(30.6%)E-钙黏附素表达阴性;二者差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论:中下段直肠癌E-钙黏附素表达下调参与了淋巴结微转移的发生。     

中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘的临床研究

目的探讨中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘与直肠癌预后的相关性,分析环周切缘与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用病理大切片技术,前瞻性研究56例中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘侵犯情况。结果中下段直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发率为13%（7/56）,远处复发率为25% （14/56）;中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘阳性率为21%（12/56）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌局部复发率为33%（4/12）,明显高于环周切缘阴性的7%（3/44）（χ^2=6.061,P=0.014）;前者远处复发率为50%（6/12）,后者为18%（8/44）（χ^2=5.091,P=0.024）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,环周切缘与生存时间密切相关（log-rank,P=0.011）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌患者3年生存率为41.7%,明显低于环周切缘阴性者的70.4%。T3直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为37%（10/27）,明显高于T1和T2的0/6和9%（2/23）（χ^2=7.758,P=0.021）。肿瘤直径≥5 cm直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为39%（7/18）,明显高于肿瘤直径〈5 cm的13%（5/38）（χ^2=4.803,P=0.028）。结论环周切缘侵犯与浸润深度和肿瘤直径密切相关,是影响中下段直肠癌预后的重要因素。     

肿瘤转移抑制蛋白1和E-钙黏蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的探讨结直肠癌中肿瘤转移抑制蛋白1（MTSS1）和E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）表达的差异性及其临床意义。 方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2017年10月中山大学附属第五医院223例结直肠癌病例资料,采用免疫组织化学技术检测MTSS1和E-cadherin在结直肠癌组织中的蛋白表达情况,比较其表达差异性与其临床病理特征的相关性。 结果MTSS1、E-cadherin蛋白在癌组织的阳性表达率明显低于正常肠组织和癌旁组织（P<0.001）,其蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度、局部浸润深度、侵犯脉管、临床分期、淋巴结转移和肝转移方面显著相关（均P<0.05）。癌组织中MTSS1和E-cadherin的蛋白表达呈正相关关系（r=0.417,P<0.001）。MTSS1、E-cadherin单阴性组比阳性组预后差（χ2=8.764、4.771,P=0.003、0.029）,MTSS1和E-cadherin双阴性表达的患者预后更差（χ2=13.940,P=0.005）。 结论MTSS1和E-cadherin在结直肠癌中的表达呈正相关,且在低分化程度、深浸润、晚期、局部或肝转移病例中均为低表达,在结直肠癌侵袭转移中可能起协同作用,联合检测对预测肝转移和判断预后有一定临床价值。     

生长抑制因子2和基质金属蛋白酶-13在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨生长抑制因子2（ING2）、基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例结直肠癌组织及20例癌旁正常黏膜组织中ING2和MMP-13蛋白的表达.结果 ING2和MMP-13在结直肠癌组织中阳性表达率分别为 71.7％和78.3％,显著高于癌旁正常黏膜组织中的表达（χ2=13.611,P=0.000;χ2=20.138,P=0.000）.ING2、MMP-13的阳性表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移、Duke’s分期相关（P＜0.05 ）,浸润程度越深,两者的表达率越高;淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组;Duke’s分期C、D期显著高于A、B期.Spearman等级相关分析ING2与MMP-13阳性表达之间有显著正相关性（r=0.477,P＜0.05）.结论 联合检测ING2和MMP-13蛋白的表达可作为判断结直肠癌恶性程度和评估预后的参考指标.     

细胞角蛋白20在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌淋巴结微转移患者中的表达及意义

目的通过免疫组化方法检测Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者细胞角蛋白20（CK20）的表达对淋巴结微转移及预后的影响。 方法选择2010年1月至2011年12月中山市人民医院收治的137例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者,获取根治性手术切除的淋巴结组织学标本945枚,采用免疫组织化学SP法和单克隆抗体检测淋巴结标本中CK20表达情况,结合临床和随访资料进行生存分析。 结果（1）10例（7.3%）结直肠癌的15枚（1.6%）淋巴结出现微转移,CK20表达阳性。（2）淋巴结CK20的表达情况与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、部位、手术方式、原发灶CEA表达情况、组织学类型、有无脉管神经浸润无相关性。（3）5年内复发转移的患者淋巴结CK20的阳性率为16.7%（4/24）,远高于未发生复发转移患者的5.3%（6/113）,但差异无统计学意义（χ²=2.282,P=0.131）。生存分析发现,CK20表达阴性组5年生存率高于表达阳性组（84.3% vs 60.0%,P=0.025）。（4）COX回归分析结果显示性别（P=0.359）、年龄（P=0.917）、肿瘤大小（P=0.547）、组织学类型（P=0.106）、原发灶CEA表达情况（P=0.069）、肿瘤位置（P=0.760）、分期（P=0.069）、手术方式（P=0.350）与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者预后无明显的相关性;而CK20表达与患者预后密切相关（P=0.033）,存在淋巴结微转移的患者死亡的风险是无转移的3.224倍（95% CI=1.100~9.451）。 结论CK20检测结直肠癌淋巴结微转移可以改善结直肠癌患者的临床分期,影响治疗方案,且与患者预后相关。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。