应用颞顶筋膜瓣耳再造的显微解剖学研究

目的通过耳颞区的显微解剖学研究，阐明带蒂颞顶筋膜组织瓣一期耳再造的解剖学基础方法选用12具乳胶灌注、10％福尔马林固定的新鲜颞区标本，分层进行显微解剖观察，精确记录颞顶筋膜的血管神经分布，结果颞区筋膜分三层，颞顶筋膜组织是SMAS筋膜的一部分，帽状腱膜是颞浅筋膜的向上延伸耳颞区筋膜有颞浅动脉、耳后动脉及其丰富的吻合支形成的血管网供血。结论颞顶筋膜具有恒定的血管、感觉神经分布，一期耳再造的修复，为保证耳再造的良好覆盖，需要在颞融合线处保证颞浅筋膜与颞中筋膜的完整连续。对于全耳再造需要部分耳后筋膜的参与。     

颞肌筋膜瓣与全厚皮片移植修复下睑凹陷性畸形

目的 探讨颞筋膜瓣或颞肌筋膜瓣与自体全厚皮片移植，在下睑凹陷性瘢痕畸形修复中的应用效果。方法 设计以颞浅动脉为蒂的颞筋膜瓣，对伴眶下壁骨缺损者同时行以颞浅、深动脉为蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣，并取耳后全厚皮片移植联合矫正下睑凹陷性畸形。结果 8例患者，术后组织瓣及皮片成活良好，凹陷处填充效果满意。随访6个月至1年，睑外翻矫正，瘢痕不显，颞部供区毛发生长良好。结论 应用颞筋膜瓣或颞肌筋膜瓣与全厚皮片移植，联合矫正下睑凹陷性畸形的方法，具有操作简便。且无明显的供区损害的特点，是修复下睑凹陷性瘢痕畸形较理想的方法。     

颞浅动脉岛状筋膜瓣的临床应用

颞浅动脉岛状筋膜瓣的临床应用刘向业赵玉亭郭继华自１９９２年１月至１９９６年６月用带颞浅动脉岛状筋膜瓣修复面部软组织缺损及耳鼻再造共３６例，形成３９个筋膜瓣，均获成功，外形满意。根据需要筋膜瓣可包括皮下浅筋膜、颞筋膜浅层、颞肌肌膜表面、帽状腱膜层、颅骨...     

颞肌筋膜瓣与全厚皮片移植修复下睑凹陷性畸形

目的探讨颞筋膜瓣或颞肌筋膜瓣与自体全厚皮片移植,在下睑凹陷性瘢痕畸形修复中的应用效果。方法设计以颞浅动脉为蒂的颞筋膜瓣,对伴眶下壁骨缺损者同时行以颞浅、深动脉为蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣,并取耳后全厚皮片移植联合矫正下睑凹陷性畸形。结果8例患者,术后组织瓣及皮片成活良好,凹陷处填充效果满意。随访6个月至1年,睑外翻矫正,瘢痕不显,颞部供区毛发生长良好。结论应用颞筋膜瓣或颞肌筋膜瓣与全厚皮片移植,联合矫正下睑凹陷性畸形的方法,具有操作简便,且无明显的供区损害的特点,是修复下睑凹陷性瘢痕畸形较理想的方法。     

逆流颞顶筋膜瓣翻转修复顶额部缺损

目的 研究逆流颞顶筋膜瓣悉转移转术及临床应用效果。方法 根据颞浅动脉颞顶分支与耳后,枕动脉支,前额分支与眶上,滑车上动脉支有丰富吻合或与对侧主要血管支直接交通,构筑跨区供血的解剖学基础,设计以颞浅动脉轴型血管及其吻合支为蒂的逆流颞顶筋膜 瓣,向顶枕侧或前额顶部移转覆盖充填骨外露缺损区,表面行皮片移植术,结果,自1996年11月始,临床已应用7例,最大筋膜瓣13cm*7cm,术后筋膜瓣及植皮区完全存活,外形较为满意,癌肿病例术后3周接受放射治疗。结论 逆流供血的颞顶筋膜瓣血运可靠,是顶额枕部深度组织缺损即期,简便,有效的修复方法。     

颞浅动静脉岛状瓣修复副鼻开放性缺损

目的:探讨应用颞浅动静脉双蒂岛状组织瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤的方法.方法:对上颌窦、额窦开放性缺损12例患者,利用同侧颞浅动脉、静脉作为供养血管,形成颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣,通过皮下组织隧道将组织块移植到缺损的副鼻窦区,进行副鼻窦窦腔的充填和皮肤缺损的修复. 结果:12例患者,颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣及额支额部岛状皮瓣全部成活,切口愈合良好.随访观察9例,随访时间为6个月至3年,凹陷区填充效果满意,两侧对称性好.3例患者失访.结论:利用颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤,不需吻合血管,操作较简单,易于成活,术后外观满意,是较好的修复方法.     

颞浅动静脉岛状瓣修复副鼻窦开放性缺损

目的：探讨应用颞浅动静脉双蒂岛状组织瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤的方法。方法：对上颌窦、额窦开放性缺损12例患者,利用同侧颞浅动脉、静脉作为供养血管,形成颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣,通过皮下组织隧道将组织块移植到缺损的副鼻窦区,进行副鼻窦窦腔的充填和皮肤缺损的修复。结果：12例患者,颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣及额支额部岛状皮瓣全部成活,切口愈合良好。随访观察9例,随访时间为6个月至3年,凹陷区填充效果满意,两侧对称性好。3例患者失访。结论：利用颞浅动脉顶支颞筋膜岛状组织瓣和额支额部岛状皮瓣修复副鼻窦开放性损伤,不需吻合血管,操作较简单,易于成活,术后外观满意,是较好的修复方法。     

联合应用颞筋膜瓣和颞肌瓣修复眶周中度凹陷畸形

探讨颞筋膜瓣和颞肌瓣在眶周中度凹陷畸形修复中的联合应用效果。方法：设计以颞浅动脉为蒂的颞筋膜瓣和以颞深动脉为蒂的颞肌瓣，将二者联合应用以修复眶周中度凹陷畸形。结果：8例组织瓣成活良好，外形满意。一例面神经额支短期麻痹，3个月后恢复。结论：联合应用颞筋膜瓣和颞肌瓣是修复眶周中度凹陷畸形的一种简便易行、确切有效的方法。     

重度下睑凹陷性畸形的修复

目的 探讨颞浅筋膜瓣在重度下睑凹陷性畸形修复中的应用效果.方法 设计以颞浅动脉为蒂的颞浅筋膜瓣,转移矫正下睑凹陷性畸形.结果 9例患者,术后组织瓣成活良好,凹陷处填充效果满意.随访6个月至1年,8例下睑外形好,1例复发下睑凹陷.所有病例头、面部瘢痕不明显,颞部供区毛发生长良好.结论 应用颞浅筋膜瓣转移矫正重度下睑凹陷性畸形具有操作简便、供区隐蔽、矫形效果好等优点,是修复重度下睑凹陷性畸形的理想方法.     

颞浅筋膜预置耳后扩张皮瓣在面部较大面积创面修复中的应用

目的 探索颞浅筋膜预置耳后扩张皮瓣,在修复面部较大面积组织缺损中的应用.方法 自2007年,对10例较大面部浅表性组织缺损患者,采用颞浅筋膜预置耳后扩张皮瓣进行修复.Ⅰ期手术形成由颞浅动脉顶支供血的筋膜岛状瓣,预置于耳后乳突区皮下,同时在筋膜瓣下埋置皮肤扩张器.注水完成并保持3～5个月,动脉造影观察颞浅动脉分支在耳后的区分布.Ⅱ期手术取出扩张器,形成以颞浅动脉直接供血的耳后岛状皮瓣,经皮下隧道转移覆盖面部创面.结果 本组患者术后随访6～18个月.2例术后24h出现皮瓣远端静脉回流受阻,致浅表组织坏死,于2周内创面愈合.其余皮瓣存活良好.皮瓣切取最大面积7 cm×3.5 cm.结论 颞浅筋膜岛状瓣预置耳后扩张皮瓣,皮瓣薄,供皮区无需植皮,面部不增加额外切口,适合于面部较大面积创面的修复.     

Correction of ectropion of the lower lid by upper eyelid skin transposition

A technique for the correction of ectropion of the lower lid by transposition of a full-thickness skin flap from the ipsilateral upper eyelid to the lower lid has been used in seven patients. The technique allows great flexibility in the extent of the approximation of the lower lid to the eye globe. The pedicle is based medially to obtain close contact between the lower punctum and the eye globe. There were no complications. We believe that the eyelid skin flap transposition technique is a useful operation for the correction of moderate to severe senile and paralytic ectropion.     

睑袋整复术后下睑外翻的综合矫治

目的:探讨下睑整复术后其下睑外翻的综合矫正方法。方法:本组病例采用皮瓣和肌瓣的游离,眶隔松解,切除下睑三角形组织瓣,眼轮匝肌悬吊等综合治疗方法予以矫正。结果:本组下睑皮肤松弛和睑袋整复术后并发严重下睑外翻患者15例16侧,采用综合下睑外翻矫正术后均取得满意效果。结论:应用综合方法矫正下睑外翻是一种可行的下睑外翻的矫正方法。     

Experience in upper eyelid reconstruction with the Cutler-Beard technique

Reconstruction of full-thickness upper eyelid defects has to supply a movable lid with perfect corneal protection, good aesthetic quality, and acceptable sequelae at the donor site. The Cutler-Beard procedure, a full-thickness cutaneoconjunctival inferior eyelid advancement flap, is a reliable method for reconstruction of total or partial upper eyelid defects. Especially in older individuals, the skin of the donor site is loose and provides sufficient tissue to stretch. Color and texture of the donor matches the recipient site perfectly. Destabilization or ectropion of the donor site, the lower lid, and retraction or entropion of the recipient site, the upper lid, are the main complications. Therefore, a modification of the classic technique should be considered by implantation of an enforcing inlay in the reconstructed lid (eye bank sclera, fascia lata, ear cartilage), especially in reconstruction of extended defects of the upper lid.     

A cheek island flap for the lower eyelid

An island transposition flap for use in lower eyelid reconstruction and the treatment of ectropion is described. The flap is based on a subcutaneous pedicle 1 to 2 cm lateral to the outer canthus. Its long axis extends inferolaterally from this point, and the donor site can be closed directly. The skin of the full width of the lid can be replaced, and where skin replacement is not required the flap may be de-epithelialised and used to provide bulk and support only. The flap has also been successfully lined with a nasal muco-chondral graft. Clinical examples are described, including the treatment of cicatricial, senile and paralytic ectropion, and the repair of defects ranging from skin alone to the full thickness of the lid.     

Severe cicatrical ectropion: repair with a large advancement flap and autologous fascia sling.

We present a 35-year-old male who, 9 years ago, had his right orbit and face injured in a gun blast accident resulting in severe cicatrical ectropion of the right lower lid. A large advancement facial flap with incision at the naso-labial fold was designed to repair the skin defect, and a strip of autologous fascia lata was grafted in the lower lid to serve as a static sling. The facial flap was dissected and elevated at the subcutaneous fat layer. With adequate separation of the flap and suspension sutures at the undersurface of the flap, tension free closure of the wound was obtained and the ectropion completely corrected. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient very satisfied with the results.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣修复颜面部软组织缺损

目的探讨用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复颜面部、鼻部及下睑小面积软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法1994年～1999年设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区,皮瓣最大范围3cm×5cm.皮瓣带蒂岛状移位至颜面部创面,共修复下睑外翻、鼻部、面部瘢痕及色素痣切除后的组织缺损12例.结果术后12例皮瓣完全成活,随访2年,疗效良好.皮瓣宽在3cm以下时供区均可直接缝合,术后较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形.结论眼轮匝肌是一个多元血管供血的肌肉,以其眶部肌肉为蒂的同侧颞部无毛区岛状小皮瓣是修复颜面部小面积软组织缺损的一个可行方法.但颜面部组织缺损面积较大时,供区缝合困难,应慎用.     

Treatment of avulsion injury of three fingers with a compound thoracodorsal artery perforator flap including serratus anterior fascia

Complete degloving injury of three digits not amenable to revascularization may leave poor cosmetic and functional results. We used a compound thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap in a 34‐year‐old, right‐handed, male worker with traumatic degloving injury. The flap consisted of a thin nonbulky skin component isolated on two perforators in combination with serratus fascia, both pedicled on the thoracodorsal vessels. The mobility of the two flap components allowed the palmar and dorsal part of the fingers to be reconstructed without relying on multiple flaps or anastomoses. The skin component of the TDAP flap was transferred to the palmar defect, the serratus fascia flap to the dorsal part of the fingers and sutured loosely. Coverage of the serratus anterior fascia was done with split‐thickness skin graft. Both components of the flap survived completely. One month after the first operation, the surgical syndactyly between middle and ring finger was separated, one month later the syndactyly between the ring and little finger. Good coverage of the soft tissue defects with good function could be achieved. There were no donor‐site problems. Therefore, we consider the compound TDAP flap as a useful method that provides functional and cosmeticcoverage of severe avulsion injury of multiple digits. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.     

随意型皮筋皮瓣 修复下肢组织缺损55例报告

目的：探讨下肢软组织缺损的修复术式。方法：采用随意型筋膜皮瓣修复下肢皮肤及软组织（骨髓炎）缺损55例。结果：Ⅰ期修复52例，Ⅱ期修复3例；Ⅰ期愈合54例，延期愈合1例。结论：此类皮瓣可随意切取，不必吻合血管神经干，血供丰富；成功率高，费用低；并发症少，远期效果好。与其他岛状皮瓣比较，有不牺牲主要血管的优点，适应于深部组织损伤及溃疡所致的组织缺损。并对筋股皮瓣的临床解剖学概念及手术适应证进行讨论。