经导管主动脉瓣植入术研究现状及进展

重度主动脉瓣狭窄是老年人中发病率及病死率较高的疾病,尽管该病的首选治疗手段为手术,但高龄、左心功能不全、体质差或合并多系统严重疾病的患者不能接受手术治疗.经导管主动脉瓣植入术已成为具有手术禁忌及高风险患者的替代疗法.历经10余年的发展,众多的临床研究证实了经导管主动脉瓣植入术的安全性及有效性,欧洲心脏病学会和美国心脏病学会也都相继发布了该技术的适应证、并发症及排除标准.介入治疗经验的积累和瓣膜装置的改进都将推进经导管主动脉瓣植入术的应用.     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术最新研究进展

经导管主动脉瓣植入术（transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI）是一种对于伴有严重主动脉瓣狭窄和行传统开胸手术并发症发生率高、风险大的患者的新型治疗手段,现在国外一些发达国家已经广泛地使用于临床,并收到良好的效果.由于TAVI在这类患者中取得了较好的疗效,因此,受到人们很大的关注.国外许多文献也证明TAVI的1年死亡率、再入院率及并发症发生率都低于传统开胸手术,现就近年TAVI的瓣膜系统、临床应用优势、并发症和进展做简要综述.     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣疾病患者的经验总结

目的 回顾性评估广东省人民医院采用经导管主动脉瓣植入术(transcatheter aortic vavle implantion,TAVI)治疗主动脉瓣相关疾病患者的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析广东省人民医院于2017年6月到2019年12月行TAVI手术患者86例的临床资料,其中男52例(60.5％),女34例(2％...     

心房颤动患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术后1年随访结果

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣植入（TAVI）术前合并心房颤动（房颤）是否会对患者的预后产生影响。方法:本研究为单中心回顾性研究。入选2016年5月至2020年11月于北部战区总医院住院并成功接受TAVI治疗且顺利出院的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者115例。根据入选患者是否合并房颤将其分为房颤组（21例）及非房颤组（94例）。随访纳...     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的初步经验

目的分享经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的经验。方法分析已完成TAVI患者的基线特征、术后血流动力学变化情况及临床结果。结果 2012年4月至2014年3月共36例患者于四川大学华西医院进行TAVI,平均年龄（73.9±7.2）岁,其中男24例（66.7%）,平均欧洲心脏手术风险回归评分为（20.6±9.9）%。25例（69.4%）患者主动脉瓣叶形态呈二叶式畸形。TAVI成功35例（97.2%）,4例（11.1%）需植入第2枚瓣膜。术后主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差下降至（10.5±5.7）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,2例残余瓣周漏接近中度。术后30 d内死亡1例（2.8%）,脑卒中2例（5.6%）。10例（27.8%）患者因出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞而植入了永久起搏器。中位随访时间323 d,除2例患者分别于术后374 d和680 d死于恶性肿瘤外,其余患者均保持无症状生存。结论对于不适合进行外科手术的二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者,TAVI是可行、安全和有效的。     

超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的作用。方法3例重度主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄患者接受经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术。使用PhilipS iE33型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,配备经胸探头S5—1和经食道探头S7—2,X7—2t。超声观察内容包括明确主动脉瓣膜病变范围和程度,测量主动脉瓣环前后径,人工瓣膜植入术后瓣膜功能等。结果3例患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术均取得了成功,人工瓣膜位置稳定,常规超声心动图3例患者术前经胸超声心动图与术中经食管超声心动图诊断相符,跨瓣压差较术前明显下降,主动脉瓣瓣上流速明显下降,瓣周漏瞬时反流量平均约1．2mL。结论经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术在治疗严重主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄中方法可行,效果良好;超声心动图在这项工作中具有重要的辅助作用。     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术后左束支起搏的临床应用初探

目的:探讨左束支区域起搏（LBBP）运用于经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）后患者的可行性和安全性。方法:本研究为回顾性研究。连续入选2018年1月至2020年12月在中国医学院科学院阜外医院接受TAVI治疗、术后置入永久起搏器的患者35例。根据心室电极放置位置,分为LBBP组（12例）和右心室心尖部起搏（RVAP）组（...     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术后抗血栓治疗中国专家共识

经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)现已成为治疗有症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的有效措施,且适用人群也从老年高风险患者逐步扩展到中、低风险及较年轻患者,但其术后缺血性及出血性并发症仍不少见,并有一定的致死率和致残率。该专家共识复习了相关资料及研究进展,结合我国具体情况及国际指南,给出了TAVI术后抗血栓治疗的建议,以期提高我国TAVI术后患者生存率及生存质量,减少缺血及出血并发症。该共识从TAVI术后血栓形成及出血的危险因素和机制、缺血及出血风险评估、抗凝与抗血小板治疗的选择、抗血小板治疗的方案、抗血栓时程、瓣叶血栓及出血并发症的处理等方面进行了详尽的阐述。强调TAVI术后应综合评估患者缺血及出血事件发生的风险,方案的制定应个体化,进而改善患者预后。     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术后抗血栓治疗中国专家共识

经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)现已成为治疗有症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的有效措施,且适用人群也从老年高风险患者逐步扩展到中、低风险及较年轻患者,但其术后缺血性及出血性并发症仍不少见,并有一定的致死率和致残率。该专家共识复习了相关资料及研究进展,结合我国具体情况及国际指南,给出了TAVI术后抗血栓治疗的建议,以期提高我国TAVI术后患者生存率及生存质量,减少缺血及出血并发症。该共识从TAVI术后血栓形成及出血的危险因素和机制、缺血及出血风险评估、抗凝与抗血小板治疗的选择、抗血小板治疗的方案、抗血栓时程、瓣叶血栓及出血并发症的处理等方面进行了详尽的阐述。强调TAVI术后应综合评估患者缺血及出血事件发生的风险,方案的制定应个体化,进而改善患者预后。     

经导管主动脉瓣膜植入术的临床治疗及应用进展

重症主动脉瓣狭窄(aortic stenosis,AS)的保守治疗效果欠佳,2年病死率达到60％[1].AS传统的治疗方式是外科主动脉瓣置换术(surgical aortic valve replacement,SAVR)[2].然而,对于存在手术禁忌或高危的患者来说,有手术的机会少,预后极差.自2002年法国Alai...     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Aortic stenosis is the most important valvular heart disease affecting the elderly population. Surgical aortic valve replacement is the mainstay of treatment, although a substantial number of patients are considered high risk for surgery. Many of these patients do not undergo surgery and have poor outcomes from medically treated symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) provides a promising treatment option for some of these patients. Several devices are under investigation. The Edwards Sapien valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) and the CoreValve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) have the largest human experience to date. Initial data suggest that these devices have an acceptable safety profile and provide excellent hemodynamic relief of aortic stenosis. The Edwards Sapien valve is currently under investigation in the United States in the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) trial in high-risk surgical or inoperable patients; TAVI is available for clinical use in both Canada and Europe. TAVI is not used in low- or intermediate-risk surgical patients; however, future studies may prove its applicability in these subsets. The major complications of TAVI include access site-related problems and device malpositioning/migration. There are several new-generation prosthetic valves and delivery systems designed to be low profile and repositionable. Technical advances and refinement of the implantation methods may make TAVI even safer and ultimately a better treatment option, not only for patients with high surgical risk but also for those with moderate or low risk.     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Background : Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rapidly evolving strategy for therapy of aortic stenosis. We describe the effect of the learning curve from the first 270 high‐risk patients in Vancouver, Canada. Methods : Patients underwent TAVI by transfemoral (63%) or transapical (37%) routes using balloon expandable valves. The experience was divided into the first half (FH, patients 1–135) and second half (SH, patients 136–270). Results : The mean age was 83.2 ± 8 years (FH 83 ± 12 vs. SH 81 ± 7 years, P = 0.12). The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Score (STS) was 9.5% ± 5.2%‐ FH 10.5 vs. SH 8.5% (P = 0.01). The overall procedural success rate in the FH was 92.6%, improving to 97.8% in the SH (P = 0.05). The transfemoral procedural success improved—FH 89.3% to SH 98.8% (P = 0.01). The transapical procedural success remained high—FH 98.0% to SH 96.1% (P = 0.53). The overall 30‐day mortality was 9.6%, improving from FH 13.3% to SH 5.9% (P = 0.04). In the transfemoral cases, 30‐day mortality decreased by 56% [10.7–4.7%, P = 0.14], and similarly in transapical cases [17.6–7.8%, P = 0.14]. In‐hospital stroke occurred in 3.3% (FH 3.7% vs. SH 2.9%, P = 0.74). The overall need for a new permanent pacemaker was 5.9% (FH 5.9% vs. SH 5.9%, P = 1). The overall major vascular injury rate was 6.7% (FH 8.1% vs. SH 5.2%, P = 0.33). The overall incidence of coronary vessel occlusion was 1.1% (FH 1.5 % vs. SH 0.7%, P = 0.56). Device embolization or failure to cross the valve was rare and largely seen in the FH only. Procedural experience (>135 procedures) was an independent predictor of 30‐day survival (HR: 6.7, 95% CI: 1.2–18.1, P = 0.03). Conclusion : TAVI outcomes improve with experience and device development. While overall complication rates are low, scope remains to further reduce procedural adverse events.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter aortic valve in valve implantation with bioprosthetic valve fracture

Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) has emerged as a preferable option for high surgical risk patients requiring redo aortic valve replacement. However, VIV TAVR may restrict flow, especially in small native aortic valves. To remedy this, bioprosthetic valve fracture has been utilized to increase the effective orifice area and improve hemodynamics. We present three cases in which bioprosthetic valve fracture was used to increase hemodynamic flow in VIV TAVR procedures.     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis

• In Preprocedural CT, patients with BAV have larger aortic annulus perimeters, and more calcified valves compared with TAV.
• In patients with BAV, self‐expandable valves were under‐expand and balloon‐expandable valves have a trend toward increased rates of postimplantation AR grade.
• Self‐expandable valves have higher postprocedural gradient in BAV compared with TAV.

     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 2015

Aortic valve; Echocardiography; Risk factor; Surgery     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with a mechanical mitral valve

Many patients with severe aortic stenosis never undergo surgical treatment for various reasons. Apart from the standard risks, some patients face an additional problem: their carrying of a mechanical mitral valve. In these patients, transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a therapeutic option. The literature contains only few reports of this procedure being performed (usually transapically) in such patients. This paper reports the cases of 3 patients with severe aortic stenosis, all carrying a mechanical mitral valve and at high surgical risk, all of whom were implanted by transcatheter aortic valve implantation with an Edwards aortic valve prosthesis. All procedures were successful with no complications encountered.Full English text available from: www.revespcardiol.org     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation without balloon predilatation

Balloon predilatation has been regarded as an essential step before implanting the self‐expandable prosthesis during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Recent evidence showed that without balloon predilatation, an implantation success rate of >95% could be achieved. We report two cases in which balloon predilatation was not performed initially during TAVI but eventually required it to facilitate device crossing and implantation. They illustrated the importance of case selection and alerted us the potential limitation in performing TAVI without balloon predilatation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.