产学研携手,共创我国生物医药新体系

以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设应放在第一位,这是党中央、国务院对产、学、研相结合的创新体系的建设所给予的高度重视,是在新时期的形势下,对企业在创新体系中的主体地位的肯定,各大研究机构、各大高等院校等都应该紧紧围绕企业这一市场运作的主体,帮助企业增强科技创新的能力,协助企业提升核心竞争力。我们工作在产学研的不同岗位上,身在其位,深感义不容辞、责无旁贷。同时,生物学界、临床医学界、生物产业界也应当携手合作,投身生物医药技术创新体系的建设。     

医学本科教学中构建创新教育体系

通过“产学研一体化”教学平台的实践,分析创新教育管理体制、创新教育资源、创新教育模式及创新教育评价标准,探索创新教育体系在医学本科教学中的实践与优化。     

中医药产学研合作模式及评价指标体系的初步探讨

产学研合作,是产业、教育、研究三者的协同交流。一般认为,产学研合作是以企业为技术需求方,与以科研院所或高等学校为技术供给方之间的合作,其实质是促进技术创新所需各种生产要素的有效组合,以达资源互利、优势互补、共同发展的目的［1］。我国产学研合作始于上世纪80年代,据《2011年度国家科学技术奖励产学研结合情况分析白皮书》显示,从1989年到2011年,产学研项目成果获奖数逐年增加。1985年,产学研合作获奖项目占当年获奖项目总数的2．64％,到了2011年,达17．57％,这体现了我国科研队伍的成长壮大,整体科技实力的明显进步,以及产学研结合项目崛起的成效。此外,报告指出2011年,中医中药获奖项目有12个,产学研项目占25％。中医药产业在科技创新中不断进步,但在产学研结合方面仍表现软弱［2］。中医药产业是具有原创知识产权和巨大发展潜力的战略性新兴产业。近年来,为适应社会发展需求,中医药领域在产学研合作方面进行积极探索,利用课程创新的合作教育、建立校内外实习基地、校企合作的联合办学等方式推动中医药产学研的发展创新［3］,然而这些尝试仅停留在狭窄的“交流”层面,缺乏完善、长效的合作机制,在监管、评价等方面存在制度空白。根据党十八大以构建产业技术创新战略联盟为重点,促进产学研用紧密结合的精神及李克强总理在第十二届全国人民代表大会上作的《政府工作报告》中构建产学研协同创新联盟的意见［4‐5］。针对目前中医药产学研合作紧密度较低,合作机制还不完善的现状,本文就如何利用政策与环境优势,建立起有效、适宜的合作模式及评价体系等中医药产学研较为急需解决的关键问题进行探讨。     

医工结合背景下医学信息专业产学研协同育人体系研究

分析医学信息专业发展环境、专业发展方向,详细阐述医工结合背景下的医学信息创新人才培养路径,包括建设教学环境以及构建医工结合实践教育体系、多元化教师体系及产学研协同育人体系。     

高等院校产学研协同创新研究的文献计量学与共词分析研究——基于Citespace软件

目的探讨高等院校产学研协同创新研究的发展现状和前沿热点,为相关研究提供参考和借鉴。方法以中国知网(CNKI)为数据源,运用Citespace5.4R2对2 484篇产学研协同创新研究相关文献进行机构及作者合作网络分析、关键词共现及聚类分析、关键词时区可视化和突现探测。结果产学研合作机构尚未形成研究集群,跨机构合作水平不高;产学研协同创新研究领域的热点主题包括产学研合作、协同创新、科技创新等;“产学研用” “社会网络分析”和“产学研融合”为该领域的研究热点。结论进一步提升高等院校产学研协同创新研究水平需要强化政策扶持力度,加强核心作者培养以及研究机构之间的合作交流。     

论在高等医学教育中科学推进产学研结合

在产学研结合被再次提到我国社会主义现代化改革与建设的重要位置之际,文章通过总结我国高等教育走产学研结合道路的历史与现状,分析产学研结合在高等医学教育领域的地位与作用,进而分析了存在的主要问题,提出通过建立有效运行机制?充分发挥政府职能?创新合作模式?建立评价体系等途径促进高等医学教育领域的产学研结合?     

医学类院校发展产学研机制的探索

产学研结合是推进国家和地区科技、教育和产业资源高度整合,增强自主创新能力,提高综合竞争力的有效机制。学校和科研机构作为产学研结合的创新主体,聚集了优势的科技资源;企业作为创新的动力来源,根据市场需求引导高校和科研机构解决行业内重大关键性问题,提高竞争力。通过产学研结合的有效模式,部分企业可以点带面、促进行业健康有序的发展[1]。但医学类院校由于其行业的特殊性,发展产学研存在一些困难,本文就医学类院校发展产学研存在的困难进行了分析,并提出了相关对策。     

基于创新能力培养的工程索道类课程改革

以工程索道类课程为对象,以创新能力培养为核心,开展教学团队、精品课程、精品教材、教学方法、共享与实践平台等的综合改革与实践,构建创新人才培养的“两个体系三个平台”,包括完善基础理论教学体系和构建创新实践教学体系,搭建中国索道科学网、国家精品资源共享课网站以及福建省工程索道工程技术研究中心等创新实践实训平台,引导学生变被动为主动学习、线上线下互动研讨、产学研与工程实践相长,有效解决基础理论知识、工程实践应用和创新实践能力培养相结合的教学问题。     

基于产学研合作的医药应用型创新人才培养的探索与实践

基于产学研合作对于地方高校培养应用型创新人才的重要促进作用,提出了医药应用型创新人才培养的理念,从产学研平台构筑、合作教育模式、应用型师资队伍建设等方面开展研究与实践,走出地方医药院校产学研合作培养应用型创新人才的新路径.     

产学研循环互动创新人才培养模式的研究与实践——以温州医学院药学教育为例

产学研结合教育是高等教育改革与发展的方向,是提升学生创新能力和实践能力的重要途径,是推动我国经济建设和可持续发展的战略性举措.我们前期积极吸收国内外先进教学经验,充分发挥温州医学院现有条件,初步建立了一套产学研循环互动的教学模式,即以教学实验区为载体、产学研循环互动的教学体系,尝试将产学研相结合的思想贯彻到药学人才培养的全过程,探讨了产学研合作教育对药学人才创新能力培养的有效性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.