复合麻醉用于短小手术50例临床观察

目的比较异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于短小手术麻醉的临床效果。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级短小手术患者100例,分为氯胺酮组(K组)和异丙酚复合氯胺酮组(PK组)各50例。入室后静脉注射咪唑安定0.05 mg/kg,手术开始前静脉注射氯胺酮1~2 mg/kg,术中维持:K组用氯胺酮0.5 mg/(kg.h)持续输入至术毕,PK组用异丙酚4~5 mg/(kg.h)、氯胺酮0.5 mg/(kg.h)持续输入至术毕,观察相关指标。结果K组术中及术毕至苏醒期BP、HR明显升高(P<0.05);术中需要追加氯胺酮者K组15例,PK组4例;清醒时间K组(15±7)分钟,PK组(11±5)分钟;K组有2例出现苏醒期躁动。结论异丙酚复合氯胺酮麻醉术中更平稳,苏醒时间短,不良反应少。     

雷米芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉在小儿疝气手术中的效果

目的探讨小儿疝气手术患儿使用雷米芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉的效果。方法择期行疝气手术患儿48例,年龄4～12岁,按年龄和麻醉药物分为四组,每组12例:IPK组4～7岁,氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉;IPR组4～7岁,雷米芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉;ⅡPK组8～12岁,氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉;ⅡPR组8～12岁,雷米芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉。IPK组和ⅡPK静脉注射氯胺酮2 mg/kg和异丙酚2 mg/kg麻醉诱导,静脉输注异丙酚6 mg/(kg.h)及间断静脉注射氯胺酮1～2 mg/kg维持麻醉。IPR组和ⅡPR组静脉注射雷米芬太尼1μg/kg和异丙酚2 mg/kg麻醉诱导;麻醉维持:静脉注射异丙酚6 mg/(kg.min)和雷米芬太尼0.1μg/(kg.min),雷米芬太尼每2分钟增加0.025μg/(kg.min),直至0.2μg/(kg.min)。于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后冲洗眼球时,手术开始后即刻、手术开始后15 min和出手术室时,记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、脉搏、血氧饱和度和麻醉深度指数(CSI)。记录术中和术后不良反应的发生情况,记录麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间、意识恢复时间和总镇静时间,计算雷米芬太尼平均输注速率。结果与麻醉诱导前比较,四组SBP、DBP、HR、RR和CSI均降低(P0.05);与IPK组和ⅡPK组比较,IPR组和ⅡPR组RR和CSI降低,术中体动和术后躁动发生率降低,麻醉诱导时间延长,苏醒时间和意识恢复时间缩短(P0.05);与IPR组比较,ⅡPR组麻醉诱导时间和意识恢复时间缩短(P0.05)。ⅡPK组雷米芬太尼平均输注速率小于IPK组(P0.05)。结论雷米芬太尼复合异丙酚用于小儿疝气手术患儿麻醉可产生良好的麻醉效果,且血流动力学平稳,不良反应少,术后苏醒迅速,而不同年龄患儿雷米芬太尼用量不同。     

瑞芬太尼-异丙酚复合麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的探讨瑞芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用效果、血流动力学变化及并发症情况。方法选择ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级标准、年龄1～5岁、行气管异物取出术患儿30例,随机分为两组,每组15例。瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组(RP组)氯胺酮5～8 mg/kg肌肉注射,异丙酚2 mg/kg静脉诱导,术中持续泵注异丙酚1～2 mg/(kg.h)及瑞芬太尼0.03～0.08μg/(kg.min),异物取出后停止给药。γ-羟基丁酸钠复合氯胺酮组(γk组)氯胺酮5～8 mg/kg肌肉注射,静脉注射γ-羟丁酸钠60～80 mg/kg诱导麻醉,术中麻醉深度不足时分次静脉滴注氯胺酮1.5 mg/kg至麻醉满意,并根据手术需要分次追加氯胺酮1 mg/kg。记录麻醉前、诱导、下镜、探查、取出、术毕各时间平均动脉压、心率及动脉血氧饱和度。观察两组苏醒时间,对比两组患儿拔管后上呼吸道梗阻或屏气、苏醒期躁动、术后恶心呕吐的发生率。结果 RP组诱导、下镜、探查、取出时平均动脉压、呼吸、心率、血氧饱和度较麻醉前均有下降(P0.05),但尚在正常范围,与γK组相比差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。瑞芬太尼起效迅速,恶心呕吐、苏醒期躁动、支气管痉挛和术后舌后坠的发生较对照组少,苏醒时间短,而且苏醒效果佳,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚复合静脉麻醉可安全有效地用于小儿气管异物取出术,并具有血流动力学稳定、手术麻醉患儿苏醒时间短和苏醒质量高的优点。     

异丙酚用于小儿静脉全麻的临床观察

异丙酚是一种短作用时间麻醉药,起效快,血浆清除率高,苏醒快且功能恢复完善,术后呕吐发生率低的特点,适合小儿手术麻醉选择。本文就异丙酚、氯胺酮与地西泮、氯胺酮用于小儿麻醉作以比较。1对象和方法1.1对象选小儿患者60例,A SAⅠ~Ⅱ组,年龄10月龄~11岁。随机分两组,每组30例。Ⅰ组异丙酚、氯胺酮组,Ⅱ组地西泮、氯胺酮组。1.2方法两组患儿术前肌内注射苯巴比妥钠2 m g/kg,阿托品0.015 m g/kg,不合作患儿术前肌内注射氯胺酮5 m g/kg,合作者开放静脉,Ⅰ组静脉注射异丙酚2 m g/kg、氯胺酮2 m g/kg,Ⅱ组静脉注射地西泮0.2 m g/kg、氯胺酮2 m g/kg。手术开始后,用微泵静脉输注:Ⅰ组为异丙酚4~6 m g/(kg·h),氯胺酮2~3m g/(kg·h);Ⅱ组为地西泮0.2~0.3 m g/(kg·h),氯胺酮2~3 m g/(kg·h),并根据麻醉深浅调节速度,手术结束前10 m in停止注药。1.3观察项目连续观测无创血压(NBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、记录术前、术中、术后各项指标的变化以及清醒时间、术后24 h恶心、呕吐率。1.4统计学处理所有...     

全凭异丙酚-氯胺酮复合麻醉在乳癌根治术中的临床应用

目的:探讨全凭异丙酚-氯胺酮复合麻醉在乳癌根治术中的效果及安全性。方法:选60例乳癌根治术患者,均先静注异丙酚1.2 mg/kg、氯胺酮0.8 mg/kg,再以异丙酚4 mg/(kg.h)、氯胺酮1.2 mg/(kg.h)维持,观察比较麻醉前、注药后2 min、注药后10 min、切皮时、手术开始0.5 h、手术开始1 h、停药时和术毕时的MAP、HR和SpO2值以及术毕清醒状况。结果:以上各时段的血流动力学和呼吸功能指标无明显差异(P<0.05),术毕苏醒满意。结论:全凭异丙酚-氯胺酮复合麻醉在乳癌根治术中的应用是可行的。     

氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉用于小儿五官科日间手术的分析

[目的]探讨氯胺酮复合异丙酚麻醉用于小儿五官科日间手术的可行性和安全性.[方法]回顾性分析358例五官科日间手术患儿的手术麻醉记录.麻醉诱导采用静注氯胺酮和异丙酚各2 mg/kg,麻醉维持以间断静注氯胺酮1 mg/kg并辅以异丙酚6 mg/(kg·h)连续静脉输注.分析诱导前(T1)、诱导后(T2)、手术开始(T3)和...     

氯胺酮复合异丙酚静脉麻醉在小儿斜疝手术中的应用

目的：观察异丙酚联合氯胺酮静脉麻醉在小儿斜疝修补手术中应用的安全性、可行性及优点。方法：选择择期行斜疝修补手术的小儿患者40例,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组（实验组）采用异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉,Ⅱ组（对照组）采用氯胺酮加地西泮静脉麻醉。麻醉过程中监测循环呼吸相关参数,同时记录麻醉效果、不良反应、氯胺酮用量及术后苏醒时间。结果：Ⅰ组的氯胺酮用量明显少于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）,术后苏醒时间明显短于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）,术后躁动等不良反应少于Ⅱ组。结论：异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于小儿斜疝修补手术比氯胺酮加地西泮具有更多优点。     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮靶控输注在小儿麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨异丙酚复合不同浓度氯胺酮靶控输注在小儿麻醉中应用的效果。方法:100例择期体表手术的小儿分为5组,每组20例。采用单纯异丙酚(P组)及异丙酚复合血药浓度分别为0.20mg/L(PK1组)、0.40mg/L(PK2组)、0.60mg/L(PK3组)和0.80mg/L(PK4组)氯胺酮全凭静脉麻醉(TIVA),手术结束前5min停药。记录各组患儿入室安静时(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、手术开始时(T3)、手术开始后5min(T4)、术毕时(T5)5个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),观察麻醉效果及术中的通气情况,记录各组手术时间、异丙酚用量、苏醒时间及苏醒期状况。结果:与P组相比,PK1、PK2、PK3和PK4组异丙酚用量呈显著递减趋势,减少约13%～28%(P<0.05)。术中P组和PK4组MAP及HR显著升高(P<0.05),PK1、PK2和PK3组无明显改变。术中P组麻醉效果评分显著低于其余各组(P<0.05),PK1、PK2和PK3通气情况评分显著优于P组和PK4组。PK4组苏醒时间显著延长(P<0.05),术后躁动率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论:...     

丙泊酚复合氯胺酮应用于小儿眼科手术的临床研究

目的观察丙泊酚复合氯胺酮应用于小儿眼科手术麻醉时对呼吸循环的影响及麻醉恢复情况,并与单纯氯胺酮作比较,探讨一种较为理想的复合用药方法。方法择期行眼科手术的患儿40例,采用随机数字表法分为2组:A组20例,肌注氯胺酮6.0～8.0mg/kg,术中酌情静脉追加氯胺酮1.0～2.0mg·kg-1/次;B组20例,肌注氯胺酮2.0～3.0mg/kg,并于手术开始前2min静脉注射丙泊酚1mg/kg,后以氯胺酮1.5～2.5mg/(kg·h)和丙泊酚6～10mg/(kg·h)持续静脉微泵输注,术毕前5min同时停用。监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、RR及SPO2的变化,并记录氯胺酮的用量、术后的清醒情况及恶心呕吐的发生率。结果A组患儿的MAP、HR在手术开始后明显高于基础值(P<0.05);B组患儿在手术开始时MAP和HR较基础值稍有增加(P<0.05),但术中渐降至术前水平或稍低,并保持平稳至术毕;两组患儿的SPO2和RR与基础值相比无显著差异。B组术中氯胺酮的用量和清醒时间明显少于A组,呼吸抑制和术后呕吐发生率亦明显低于A组(P<0.01)。结论与单纯氯胺酮相比,丙泊酚复合氯胺酮能更好的保持呼吸循环稳定,缩短术后清醒时间,减少恶心呕吐的发生,是一种较理想的小儿眼科手术麻醉方法。     

异丙酚辅助小儿骶管阻滞麻醉疗效分析

目的：探讨异丙酚辅助小儿骶管阻滞在下腹部及会阴部手术的应用效果。方法：选择下腹部及会阴部手术患儿60例。随机分成两组：异丙酚辅助骶管阻滞麻醉组[观察组（A）]和氯胺酮麻醉组[对照组（B）]。A组用0.2%罗哌卡因1 mg/kg骶管阻滞,异丙酚复合静脉麻醉。B组以肌内注射氯胺酮4 mg/kg,同时给以0.04～0.06 mg/kg咪达唑仑,根据睡眠深度及应激反应追加氯胺酮。结果：B组在术中探查时HR、RR明显优于A组（P〈0.05）,存在统计学差异。结论：异丙酚复合骶管麻醉用于小儿下腹部手术是一种镇痛完善、血流动力学稳定、苏醒快、术后镇痛的安全实用麻醉。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.