150例肺癌化疗过程中不同止吐方案的效果对比

目的探讨研究肺癌化疗过程中不同止吐方案的效果。方法将150例化疗患者随机分为格拉司琼组50例;恩丹西酮组50例;胃复安组50例,进行治疗并对疗效对比分析。结果格拉司琼组与恩丹西酮组两组药物止恶心、呕吐有效率比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;格拉司琼组、恩丹西酮组与胃复安组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论格拉司琼组与恩丹西酮组总有效率明显优于胃复安组,说明格拉司琼、恩丹西酮在治疗化疗药物致恶心呕吐疗效确切,且毒副作用轻微,无锥体外系症状,安全有效。     

格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗中恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的　观察格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防紫杉醇与顺铂联合化疗晚期非小细胞肺癌引起恶心呕吐的作用及毒副反应。方法　将 92例接受紫杉醇与顺铂联合化疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为格拉司琼组 (n=4 6 )和恩丹西酮组 (n=4 6 ) ,均接受相同方案的化疗。格拉司琼组于每日化疗前后 10 m in静脉注入格拉司琼 3m g,恩丹西酮组于每日化疗前后 10 m in静脉注入恩丹西酮 8mg。观察化疗后第 1d(急性 )至第 7d(延迟性 )恶心呕吐发生的情况。结果　在化疗后第 1d、第 3d、第 7d格拉司琼对恶心呕吐的有效率 (5 9% ,5 2 % ,35 % ) ,优于恩丹西酮(4 8% ,33% ,2 2 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　格拉司琼能较好控制用紫杉醇与顺铂联合化疗晚期非小细胞肺癌所致的恶心呕吐 ,但并没有增加毒副反应     

肿瘤化疗相关性恶心、呕吐的临床研究

目的 探讨三组方案对恶心、呕吐等肿瘤化疗副反应的预防与治疗疗效。方法 选取一程或多程化疗患者136例，随机分为3组，即心理干预组：在化疗前1～3d给予心理治疗，化疗前、后30min分别给予复方氯丙嗪1Hd、地塞米松10mg、胃复安10mg；恩丹西酮组：在化疗前30min给予恩丹西酮8mg；格拉司琼组：在化疗前30min给予格拉司琼3mg。结果 三组止吐效果总有效率分别为86．9％、77．0％,77．7％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但心理干预组完全控制率为69．5％，较其余二组为优（P〈0．05），不良反应轻微。结论 加强对化疗患者的心理干预治疗，具有其积极的现实意义和临床价值。     

妇科硬膜外手术后格拉司琼和恩丹西酮预防自控镇痛恶心呕吐临床研究

目的 :探讨格拉司琼和恩丹西酮预防妇科手术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛恶心呕吐的效果。方法 :15 0例择期行妇科手术的病人 ,采用硬膜外病人自控镇痛治疗术后疼痛 ,随机分为 3组 :A组 (n =5 0 ) :在手术结束前静脉注射 0 .9%生理盐水 10ml;B组 (格拉司琼组 ,n =5 0 ) :在手术结束前静脉给予格拉司琼 3mg ;C组 (恩丹西酮组 ,n =5 0 ) :在手术结束前静脉给予恩丹西酮 8mg。每一病人观察手术后 12h和 2 4h的恶心、呕吐发生率及2 4h视觉模拟评分。结果 :术后 12h和 2 4h内格拉司琼组和恩丹西酮组恶心呕吐发生率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :格拉司琼和恩丹西酮能安全、有效的预防妇科手术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛恶心呕吐的发生。     

儿童急性白血病化疗中防治胃肠道反应几种方案的比较

目的比较几种治疗方案在儿童急性白血病化疗中防治胃肠道反应的效果。方法①化疗前用恩丹西酮联合异丙嗪静脉滴注;②化疗前用格拉司琼静脉滴注;③化疗前用胃复安静脉滴注;④化疗前后用恩丹西酮各静脉滴注一次。用药后以恩丹西酮联合异丙嗪为对照观察各方案预防恶心及止吐效果。结果恩丹西酮联合异丙嗪静注预防恶心有效率为83.33%,止吐有效率为88.10%,与格拉司琼或恩丹西酮化疗前后各静脉滴注一次疗效相当(P均>0.05),明显优于胃复安(P<0.01)。在副作用方面,恩丹西酮联合异丙嗪组静脉滴注与格拉司琼或恩丹西酮组均未见明显副作用,无锥体外系反应。结论恩丹西酮联合异丙嗪静脉滴注在儿童急性白血病化疗中防治胃肠道反应效果较好,可减轻患儿的经济负担,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

格拉司琼联合地塞米松防治晚期乳腺癌化疗消化道反应

目的观察格拉司琼与地塞米松联合防治晚期乳腺癌患者环磷酰胺化疗所致消化道反应的疗效。方法196例晚期乳腺癌患者随机分为三组,化疗前I组静注格拉司琼3mg,II组静注地塞米松10mg,Ⅲ组静注格拉司琼3mg加地塞米松10mg,观察比较化疗后24h内患者恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果三组呕吐有效控制率（0～2次呕吐）分别为92．4％、89．1％和95．5％。结论格拉司琼和地塞米松单用均能有效防止化疗时的恶心、呕吐,而格拉司琼与地塞米松联合防治化疗所致的恶心、呕吐优于格拉司琼或地塞米松单用。     

格拉司琼与恩丹西酮在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的应用

目的探讨和研究格拉司琼与恩丹西酮用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者恶心呕吐的预防效果对比。方法研究对象选取为2011年1月-2013年1月间276例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者,随机分为对照组、恩丹西酮组和格拉司琼组各92例,观察各组的PONV发生情况及不良反应情况。结果恩丹西酮组和格拉司琼组患者术后8 h内的PONV发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,恩丹西酮组和格拉司琼组患者比较则无显著差异（P〉0.05）;术后8~24 h内恩丹西酮组PONV发生率明显低于格拉司琼组和对照组（P〈0.05）。结论恩丹西酮在预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期PONV的出现优于格拉司琼。     

恩丹西酮联合维生素B6防治儿童化疗呕吐的疗效观察

目的观察恩丹西酮联合维生素比对儿童实体瘤化疗所致呕吐的疗效。方法42例化疗患者采用自身随机对照,分为AB组与BA组。AB组第一疗程为A方案,止吐治疗为每天化疗前静脉注射恩丹西酮5mg／m2配合维生素B6 4mg／kg静脉滴注;第Z-疗程为B方案,化疗前单纯静脉注射恩丹西酮5mg／m2。BA组则相反。均使用含顺铂方案化疗,A、B两疗程化疗方案一致。结果A方案化疗后控制急性呕吐和延迟性呕吐的有效率分别为90．5％,92．9％。B方案化疗后控制急性呕吐和延迟性呕吐的有效率分别为69．0％,73．8％。A方案止吐疗效明显优于B方案（P〈0．05）。副作用主要为便秘,两组发生率相似。结论恩丹西酮配合维生素民对儿童实体瘤化疗所致呕吐有协同防治的作用。     

四类新药盐酸格拉司琼注射液预防抗肿瘤药物所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床观察

目的在肿瘤的治疗中化疗药物所引起的恶心、呕吐是极为常见的,通过对盐酸格拉司琼注射液预防肿瘤化疗所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床研究,探讨该药的止吐疗效及毒性反应.方法对31例病人的观察,采用自身对照新药盐酸格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防抗肿瘤药物(DDP及蒽环类药物)所致呕吐进行比较.结果格拉司琼对强致吐剂顺铂所引起的呕吐其总的缓解率＞90%,恩丹西酮对顺铂引起的呕吐其缓解率＞85%.两止吐药毒性反应主要为便秘,恩丹西酮致便秘发生率高达41%,而格拉司琼所致便秘发生率为16%.结论两药预防呕吐的疗效相当,但格拉司琼的副反应明显低于恩丹西酮     

四类新药盐酸栈拉司琼注射液预防抗肿瘤药物所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床观察

目的在肿瘤的治疗中化疗药物所引起的恶心、呕吐是极为常见的,通过对盐酸格拉司琼注射液预防肿瘤化疗所致呕吐的Ⅱ期临床研究,探讨该药的止吐疗效及毒性反应.方法对31例病人的观察,采用自身对照新药盐酸格拉司琼与恩丹西酮预防抗肿瘤药物(DDP及蒽环类药物)所致呕吐进行比较.结果格拉司琼对强致吐剂顺铂所引起的呕吐其总的缓解率＞90%,恩丹西酮对顺铂引起的呕吐其缓解率＞85%.两止吐药毒性反应主要为便秘,恩丹西酮致便秘发生率高达41%,而格拉司琼所致便秘发生率为16%.结论两药预防呕吐的疗效相当,但格拉司琼的副反应明显低于恩丹西酮     

Ondansetron versus granisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Effect of ondansetron and granisetron were evaluated in sixty (60) children (age 4-11 years) irrespective of sex, diagnosed case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received high dose methotrexate and did not receive any antiemetic 24 hours prior to HDMTX. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single center study. Of 60 children, 30 received oral ondansetron (4mg) and rest 30 granisetron (1mg) half an hour before therapy. Drugs were randomly allocated with appropriate code. The patients were followed up from day 1 to day 5 of therapy. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded and scorings was done every 24 hours following chemotherapy. No significant difference was found between two groups according to acute emesis (Day-1) (p=0.053). In day two and day three it was significant (p<0.05). In day four it was significant (p=0.002). Early chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were controlled 90% in children who received granisetron and 70% in children who received ondansetron. Delayed (Day 2-4) CINV were controlled in 80% of children who received granisetron and 43.4% who received ondansetron (p<0.05). Granisetron group required additional doses only 3.3% cases and ondanseton group 30% cases on the second day (p<0.05). Result was significant between two groups. About 36.7% patients had episodes of nausea on day four of chemotherapy in ondansetron group and it was only 3.3% in granisetron group due to adverse effects of antiemetic drug itself (p=0.001). Maximum episodes of vomiting were found on the second day in ondansetron group 33.3% and in granisetron group 3.3% (p=0.003). Though adverse effects like headache, constipation, abdominal pain and loose motion were common in both group of children but their number was much less in children who received granisetron. On second day of therapy score of nausea and vomiting was maximum in ondansetron and minimum in granisetron treated on day 4 and the result was significant. So, to prevent acute and delayed CINV in children with ALL, oral graniseteron can be considered as more effective and well tolerated with minimum adverse effects compared with ondansetrons.     

恩丹西酮、格拉司琼、托烷司琼预防化疗呕吐的比较

目的:观察不同国产止吐药预防头颈部癌含顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)方案化疗引起的恶心、呕吐的临床疗效和不良反应.方法:63例患者采用含DDP方案化疗90周期,随机分为3组,各化疗30周期,分别给予国产恩丹西酮(欧贝)、格拉司琼(琼沙奥或君凯)、托烷司琼(赛格恩)预防恶心、呕吐反应.结果:防治恶心、呕吐的有效率格拉司琼组为93.3%,托烷司琼组为86.7%,恩丹西酮组为83.3%,3组之间疗效比较差异无显著性;3种止吐药毒副反应相似,以便秘、倦怠及头痛多见,但程度较轻.结论:国产恩丹西酮、格拉司琼、托烷司琼均为头颈部癌含DDP方案化疗的有效止吐药,其疗效相似,不良反应轻,病人可耐受.     

昂丹司琼、托烷司琼和格拉司琼预防全身麻醉术后恶心呕吐的随机双盲研究

目的比较5羟色胺3(5HT3)受体拮抗剂昂丹司琼、托烷司琼和格拉司琼预防全身麻醉手术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法360例择期接受气管插管全身麻醉手术的患者,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格情况分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄18~75岁。根据随机双盲原则分为3组,每组120例,于麻醉诱导前分别给3组患者缓慢静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg、托烷司琼5mg或格拉司琼3mg,观察术后24h内恶心呕吐发生情况并作比较。结果昂丹司琼组、托烷司琼组和格拉司琼组术后24h内完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率分别为70.0%、68.6%和72.9%,术后恶心发生率分别为22.5%、25.4%和20.3%,术后呕吐发生率分别为10.0%、13.6%和8.5%,3组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后24h内均未观察到与抗呕吐药相关的明显不良反应。结论麻醉诱导前缓慢静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg、托烷司琼5mg或格拉司琼3mg,能同样安全有效地预防手术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

康泉合用地塞米松控制化疗所致的胃肠道反应

目的：比较康泉及康泉合用地塞米松预防急性白血病化疗所致的胃肠道反应的效果。方法：在同一方案的不同疗程，分别单用康泉或康泉合用地塞米松，随机对照，共观察１１０疗程。结果：康泉及康泉合用地塞米松对预防化疗所致急性呕吐有效率分别为６９．５％和９５．１％，有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对于迟发性呕吐两组的有效率分别为７４．５５５％和９１．８３％，亦有明显差异。结论：康泉和地塞米松合用对控制急性和迟发性恶性呕吐优于康泉单用     

Comparison of palanosetron, granisetron and ondansetron as anti-emetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery

The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of palanosetron (0.25 mg), granisetron (3.0 mg) and ondansetron (8.0 mg) used as anti-emetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea/vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. The study was done among 75 adult patients (age group 30-45 years) of which 50 were males and rest (25) females, all of ASA I and ASA II. The patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups: Group I (n = 25) received injection palanosetron (0.25 mg) IV, group II (n = 25) received injection granisetron (3 mg) IV and group III (n = 25) received injection ondansetron (8.0 mg) IV at the end of the surgical procedure. A standard general anaesthesia technique was employed. Emetic episodes and safety assessments were performed during two periods of 0-6 hours in the postanaesthesia care unit and 6-24 hours in the ward after anaesthesia. The incidence of emesis-free patients during the 0-6 hours period was 100% for group I; 72% for group II and 56% for group III. During the 6-24 hours period incidence of emesis-free patients were 96% for group I; 56% for group II and 32% for group III. So to conclude, a single dose of palanosetron (0.25 mg) is a superior anti-emetic to granisetron (3.0 mg) or ondansetron (8.0 mg) in complete prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery during the first 24 hours period.     

格拉司琼口服剂型与针剂控制放化疗所致恶心呕吐的效果比较

目的:比较格拉司琼口服剂型与针剂控制放化疗所引起的恶心呕吐副反应的疗效.方法:将99例接受放化疗的恶性肿瘤患者按2:1的比例随机分为两组,口服剂组62例,格拉司琼口服剂型胶囊止吐;针剂组37例,静脉用格拉司琼针剂止吐.结果:口服剂组和针剂组的止吐有效率分别为80.6%和78.4%,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).两组对急性消化道反应的控制有效率均略高于延迟性反应.不良反应轻微、可耐受.结论:格拉司琼口服剂型防治放化疗所引起的恶心呕吐副反应,疗效与格拉司琼针剂相仿,它是针对放化疗患者的安全、有效、相对便宜的预防止吐药.     

阿瑞匹坦治疗顺铂方案化疗引起的呕吐临床分析

目的 探讨阿瑞匹坦用于以顺铂为基础的化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床疗效.方法 选取中山大学附属汕头医院2014年12月1日至2016年12月1日采用含顺铂(80 mg/m2)化疗方案的肿瘤患者,使用格拉司琼和地塞米松常规止吐后仍有呕吐的患者61例,进一步止吐采用阿瑞匹坦和地塞米松的患者为阿瑞匹坦组,采用格拉司琼和地塞米松的患者为格拉司琼组,观察两组患者小于24 h、24~72 h、>72~144 h的完全有效率(CR).结果 阿瑞匹坦组与格拉司琼组的24 h内CR率分别为66.67% 和51.61%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.232);24~72 h CR率分别为80.00% 和54.84%,阿瑞匹坦组显著优于格拉司琼组(P=0.036).>72~144 h CR率分别为86.67% 和64.52%,阿瑞匹坦组优于格拉司琼组(P=0.045).两种止吐药物的不良反应发现便秘、腹泻、荨麻疹、疲乏、焦虑差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阿瑞匹坦组总的不良反应发生率在23.33%,而格拉司琼组为25.81%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 阿瑞匹坦联合地塞米松用于高致吐性化疗药物顺铂化疗所致恶心呕吐的疗效较好,耐受性良好.     

恩丹西酮与胃复安联合应用预防化疗呕吐临床疗效观察

目的 :探讨恩丹西酮与胃复安联用预防化疗呕吐的疗效。方法 :采用自身对照的方法 ,观察 1 1 2例恶性肿瘤患者以顺铂 (4 0 mg/ d× 3d)为主的联合化疗 ,于第 1、2周期分别用恩丹西酮、恩丹西酮与胃复安联合应用 ,预防化疗恶心呕吐反应。结果 :有效率分别为 86 .6 1 %、97.32 % ,二者有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且恩丹西酮与胃复安联合使恩丹西酮用量减少 1 / 2 ,未出现锥体外系反应患者 ,其便秘、腹胀发生率较低 ,二者比较有差异性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :恩丹西酮与胃复安联用预防化疗引起的恶心、呕吐效果较好     

恩丹西酮联用地塞米松治疗化疗后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的：观察恩丹西酮和胃复安分别联用地塞米松控制化疗所致的胃肠道反应的疗效。方法：对６８例接受阿霉素、顺铂化疗患者随机分组,恩丹西酮组,联合化疗前静点地塞米松１０ｍｇ,静注恩丹西酮８ｍｇ;胃复安组联合化疗前地塞米松１０ｍｇ静点,胃复安３０ｍｇ化疗前后肌注。结果：恩丹西酮联用地塞米松对化疗所致的急性呕吐及恶心的有效率分别为８５．３％、８８．２４％,明显优于胃复安联用地塞米松组。（Ｐ＜０．００１,Ｐ＜０