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1.
Yasuko Hososaka Hideaki Hanaki Harumi Endo Yumiko Suzuki Zenzo Nagasawa Yoshihito Otsuka Taiji Nakae Keisuke Sunakawa 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(2):79-86
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been defined as S. aureus having the mecA gene or showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin higher than 4 mg/l. However, some clinical isolates are mecA-positive and oxacillin-susceptible. Therefore, we surveyed the occurrence of S. aureus having the mecA gene and an MIC of oxacillin of less than 2 mg/l (oxacillin-susceptible MRSA; OS-MRSA) in a total of 480 strains of S. aureus collected from 11 hospitals in different location in Japan isolated from 2003 through 2005. We found 6 strains matching the criteria for OS-MRSA. All 6 strains were staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec-positive, without exception, and 4 strains showed the SCCmec type III-variant, which is unique in Japan. These OS-MRSAs were least resistant to oxacillin among the MRSAs tested and they were within the susceptible range to seven other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. Thus, OS-MRSA may become a high-resistant MRSA upon the treatment of patients with beta-lactam antibiotics. To characterize whether these OS-MRSAs were hospital-acquired or community-acquired MRSAs, we tested for the presence of the genes encoding toxins. Genes encoding hemolysin, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin were found in 6, 4, 0, 0, and 0 strains, respectively. These results revealed that OS-MRSAs could be classified as a new type of MRSA that exhibits properties distinguishable from either hospital- or community-acquired MRSA. Coagulase typing of the OS-MRSAs supported the above conclusion. In this study, the occurrence of OS-MRSA at a certain frequency was noted; precautions are called for in the classification of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus and in the treatment of OS-MRSA infection. 相似文献
2.
Ana Santos Rosa Cremades Juan Carlos Rodriguez Eduardo Garcia-Pachon Montserrat Ruiz Gloria Royo 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(3):262-263
Mycobacterium peregrinum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is occasionally associated with disease at different locations. At present, little information is available on antibiotic activity against this microorganism. For this reason, we have carried out a study on the in vitro activity of 15 antibiotics, alone and in combination, against M. peregrinum. Our study shows that the new fluoroquinolones with a C8-methoxy group, especially moxifloxacin, exhibit greater activity against this species. These data should be evaluated in clinical assays or animal models in order to confirm their clinical significance. 相似文献
3.
Successful treatment with faropenem and clarithromycin of pulmonary <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycobacterium abscessus</Emphasis> infection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eisaku Tanaka Terumi Kimoto Kazunari Tsuyuguchi Katsuhiro Suzuki Ryoichi Amitani 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2002,8(3):252-255
Mycobacterium abscessus accounts for 80% of rapidly growing mycobacterial pulmonary infections and can be lethal. Treatment is difficult because
of the paucity of effective drugs. We describe a patient with pulmonary M. abscessus infection who was treated with a regimen that included faropenem, a novel oral penem, and clarithromycin. He showed favorable
responses to the treatment for more than 12 months. In vitro, faropenem had considerable inhibitory activities against 56 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria, including M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus (stated in order of increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations). Thus, faropenem has the potential to be used as an adjunctive
drug with clarithromycin for the treatment of infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria, including M. abscessus.
Received: December 10, 2001 / Accepted: March 18, 2002 相似文献
4.
Pannika R. Niumsup Uttapoln Tansawai Nitsara Boonkerd Pitimon Polwichai Surang Dejsirilert 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(6):404-408
Fifty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, collected from 11 hospitals in Thailand, were studied. All
isolates were found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as judged by double-disk synergy and combination disk
methods. Most ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (94%) and aztreonam (90%). In contrast, most ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (95%) and cefotaxime (74%). Plasmid DNA was isolated and β-lactamase genes were identified
by PCR and sequencing. We found that SHV-12 and CTX-M-14 were the main ESBLs responsible for resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. SHV-27, SHV-28, and CTX-M-14 were detected in three, two, and four K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. A high genetic diversity among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates was observed. In addition, the finding of a few isolates that produced identical restriction patterns on pulsed
field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) suggests the clonal spread of resistant bacteria within the hospital. 相似文献
5.
Shingo Yamamoto 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(2):68-73
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of complicated as well as uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most of these uropathogenic
E. coli (UPEC) strains exhibit certain virulence factors (VFs), including adhesins, iron uptake systems, synthesis of cytotoxins,
and specific O:K:H serotypes. Molecular epidemiological studies of UPEC have contributed to the discovery of uropathogenic
VFs, to an understanding of the pathogenesis of UTIs as ascending infections, and to the clarification of genetic linkages
between different virulence genes such as pathogenicity islands (PAIs), which are one of the mechanisms for horizontal VF
gene transfers between the same or related species. Uropathogenic VFs not only play an important role individually but also
work cooperatively in a fine-tuned manner with coordinated regulation and expression. 相似文献
6.
Hideaki Hanaki Yasuko Hososaka Chie Yanagisawa Yoshihito Otsuka Zenzo Nagasawa Taiji Nakae Keisuke Sunakawa 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(2):118-121
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) amended the criteria for vancomycin susceptibility and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in 2006. The earlier criteria had established that S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin of < or =4 microg/ml, 8 to 16 microg/ml, and > or =32 microg/ml were vancomycin-susceptible, -intermediate-resistant and -resistant, respectively. The revised recommendation states that bacteria showing vancomycin MICs of < or =2 microg/ml, 4 to 8 microg/ml, and > or =16 microg/ml are -susceptible, -intermediate-resistant, and -resistant, respectively. We examined, based on these new criteria, the vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in Japan from 1978 through 2005 at 17 general hospitals. The results showed that, among 2446 MRSA isolates tested, 8 were classified as intermediate-vancomycin-resistant (VISA). Re-examination of vancomycin susceptibility in these 8 strains in 2006 revealed that 6 strains showed a vancomycin MIC of 4 microg/ml, as tested by the agar dilution method, broth dilution methods, and E-test; the 2 other strains had lost the vancomycin resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the chromosomal DNA of these strains exhibited five unique profiles; 2 strains isolated from the same hospital were identical. These results revealed that at least five different types of VISA strains could be identified in Japan so far according to the new CLSI criteria. All these VISA strains had type II staphylococcal cassette chromosome, mec. This study revealed, for the first time in Japan, the presence of intermediate vancomycin-resistant MRSA in this country. 相似文献
7.
Shuntaro Kouda Ryuichi Kuwahara Masaru Ohara Masanobu Shigeta Tamaki Fujiwara Hitoshi Komatsuzawa Tsuguru Usui Motoyuki Sugai 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(4):276-277
We report here the first isolation in Japan of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that carries the metallo-β-lactamase gene bla
IMP-7. This isolate revealed high-level resistance to all of the tested antibiotics except for piperacillin, showing a multidrug-resistant
phenotype. 相似文献
8.
Yasunori Sawayama Maki Hamada Shigeru Otaguro Shinji Maeda Hachiro Ohnishi Yayoi Fujimoto Yuji Taira Jun Hayashi 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(3):250-254
It is reported that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with coronary atherosclerosis both epidemiologically and pathogenetically, but no conclusions have yet been reached. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between H. pylori infection and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Sixty-nine patients with PAD attending Harasanshin General Hospital (Fukuoka, Japan) were compared with 143 controls (age-matched asymptomatic outpatients with hyperlipidemia). H. pylori infection was diagnosed by the detection of IgG antibodies, the (13)C-urea breath test, and histological examination. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the data. The 69 PAD patients and 143 controls were aged from 50 to 92 years. According to the Fontaine classification, 43/69 PAD patients (62.3%) were grade I, 25 (36.2%) were grade II, and 1 (0.14%) was grade III. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in the PAD patients than in the controls (79.7% versus 44.8%; P < 0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that H. pylori infection and hypertension had a significant influence on the occurrence of PAD. Our results suggest that chronic H. pylori infection may be one of the risk factors for PAD. 相似文献
9.
Atsushi Harimaya Shin-ichi Yokota Kiyoshi Sato Tetsuo Himi Nobuhiro Fujii 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(3):223-227
Recently, the frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains of Haemophilus influenzae in Japanese children has been increasing rapidly. Drug resistance in BLNAR strains is associated with mutations of the fts I gene, which encodes penicillin-binding protein 3. In the otolaryngological field, only a few reports have been available concerning fts I gene mutations in BLNAR. We investigated the prevalence of fts I gene mutations, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, in H. influenzae isolates from the upper respiratory tracts of children in the Sapporo district, Japan. When the isolates were classified according to PCR genotyping, 34 (44.2%) of 77 isolates were beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-sensitive (g-BLNAS), 8 (10.4%) were g-low-BLNAR, 30 (39.0%) were g-high-BLNAR, 2 (2.6%) were beta-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant (g-BLPAR), and 3 (3.9%) were beta-lactamase-positive ampicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant (g-high-BLPACR). Mutations in the fts I gene were generally parallel to ampicillin susceptibility, and were frequently observed in children who were 7 years or younger. Of the beta-lactams tested, cefditoren showed the strongest inhibition of H. influenzae isolates, and it inhibited g-BLNAR and g-BLPACR. This study revealed a remarkably high prevalence of fts I gene mutations (g-BLNAR and g-BLPACR) in our district. Furthermore, a regional difference in the prevalence of fts I gene mutations was observed even at the district level. 相似文献
10.
Katy M. Venisnik Tove Olafsen Sanjiv S. Gambhir Anna M. Wu 《Molecular imaging and biology》2007,9(5):267-277
The bioluminescent protein Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) was fused to an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody fragment, the diabody, for in vivo optical tumor imaging. A 15-amino acid N-terminal truncation (GLΔ15) resulted in a brighter protein. Fusions of the anti-CEA
diabody to full-length GLuc and GLΔ15 retained high affinity for the antigen, emitted light, and exhibited excellent enzymatic
stability. In vivo optical imaging of tumor-bearing mice demonstrated specific targeting of diabody-GLΔ15 to CEA-positive xenografts, with a
tumor/background ratio of 3.8 ± 0.4 at four hours after tail-vein injection, compared to antigen-negative tumors at 1.3 ± 0.1
(p = 0.001). MicroPET imaging using 124I-diabody-GLΔ15 demonstrated specific uptake in the CEA-positive tumor (2.6% ID [injected dose]/g) compared to the CEA-negative
tumor (0.4% ID/g) at 21 hours. Although further optimization of this fusion protein may be needed to improve in vivo performance, the diabody-GLΔ15 is a promising optical imaging probe for tumor detection in vivo. 相似文献
11.
Akira Ohno Yoshikazu Ishii Intetsu Kobayashi Keizo Yamaguchi 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(5):296-301
The suitability of ceftriaxone for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) and ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (especially β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) H. influenzae) and the relationship between in vitro antimicrobial activities and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. The values
for percentage of time above the MIC (%T>MIC) for ceftriaxone, cefotiam, flomoxef, sulbactam/cefoperazone, sulbactam/ampicillin,
and meropenem, using 400 S. pneumoniae isolates and 430 H. influenzae isolates from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from more than 100 geographically diverse medical centers
during January to July of 2005, were calculated by measuring the MIC for each isolate and by using patameters of pharmacokinetics.
A broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC, using the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute (CLSI). Meropenem showed the lowest MIC against penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae, followed by sulbactam/cefoperazone and ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone had the best activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and β-lactamase-negative and β-lactamase–producing ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. Ceftriaxone was unique, showing a long elimination half-life and low MIC values where its serum level duration time was
above the MIC for longer than other cephalosporins. Accordingly, the %T>MIC of ceftriaxone for a once-daily administration
greatly exceeded the efficacy levels of those for the other antibacterial agents tested. Ceftriaxone has an excellent balance
between in vitro antimicrobial activities and pharmacokinetic profiles; and therefore remains effective as a therapeutic agent
against PRSP and BLNAR H. influenzae in CAP. 相似文献
12.
Goro Nagashima Noriyoshi Okamoto Muneo Okuda Koji Nakashima Masayuki Noda Hiroshi Itokawa Ryuta Suzuki Tsukasa Fujimoto Kenji Marumo 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(2):147-150
A 67-year-old man who had twice previously undergone operations for a tuberculum sellae meningioma was admitted to hospital
for further treatment. After the third surgical intervention, the patient developed persistent low-grade fever and impaired
consciousness. Computed tomography, 1 week after surgery, showed postsurgical hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies
revealed high intracranial pressure (above 30 cm H2O), and increased cell count (1232/3). One week after the ventricular drainage, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis was recovered from his CSF, and antimicrobial susceptibility results indicated that the organism was methicillin-resistant.
After 14 days of intravenous vancomycin (VCM) administration failed, linezolid (LZD) was initialized intravenously, resulting
in a resolution of the meningitis. After a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure was performed, LZD was continued orally, which
resulted in a cure. CSF penetration by VCM is reported to be poor, i.e., approximately 10% of serum concentration, which may
explain its lack of efficacy. In this case, the penetration of LZD into the CSF was 58.9% of the peak value and 133% of the
trough value of serum concentrations. LZD must be considered one of the first-line treatments against surgical-site infection
in neurosurgery caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. 相似文献
13.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Because trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
(TMP-SMX) remains the most effective drug for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections, desensitization should be considered in patients with hypersensitivity to TMP-SMX. 相似文献
14.
We studied the clinical characteristics of nine patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease occurring in association with corticosteroid drugs collected from our associated hospitals during the past
6 years. The average age of the nine patients was 62.2 years and the male/female ratio was 3 : 6. Regarding underlying disease,
respiratory diseases existed in four of the patients and nonrespiratory diseases in the other five patients. The duration
of corticosteroid treatment ranged from 5 months to 5 years, and the total dose of corticosteroid drugs ranged from 1.78 to
43.20 g. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease was detected by clinical symptoms during corticosteroid treatment in six patients, and purified protein derivative
was positive in three of eight patients tested. Radiological findings showed an infiltration shadow without cavity and bronchiectasis
in the lower lung field. Microbiological examination was smear-positive in three patients, and the isolated mycobacterium
was Mycobacterium intracellulare in five patients and Mycobacterium avium in four. Tolerance was shown to all antituberculous drugs, except for clarithromycin, in all patients. Although treatment
including clarithromycin was performed for seven patients, the sputum conversion rate was 33% and an improved clinical effect
was noted in only one patient. No change occurred in four and worsening occurred in four. Attention should be paid to the
clinical symptoms and radiological findings of patients who have received corticosteroid drugs over a long period of time,
because pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex is characterized by atypical radiographic findings with no relationship to the total dose or duration of the administered
corticosteroid drugs.
Received: August 22, 2002 / Accepted: October 21, 2002 相似文献
15.
Splenic abscess in an infant caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus intermedius</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tadashi Matsubayashi Rie Matsubayashi Isamu Saito Shigeo Tobayama Hiromichi Machida 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(6):423-425
We report a 20-month-old girl with splenic abscess. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of persistent high fever
and abdominal pain. Laboratory data showed leucocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Abdominal computed tomography
showed multiple low-density lesions in the spleen. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of splenic abscess. She
was successfully treated with ultrasonographically guided percutaneous drainage for 11 days and intravenous antibiotic for
17 days. On culture, aspirated fluid from the abscess grew Streptococcus intermedius. This case illustrates that the differential diagnosis of unknown-focus infection in infants should include splenic abscess.
We recommend conservative therapy (antibiotics and drainage) as first-line therapy for splenic abscess in pediatric patients,
based on the importance of the immunological functions of the spleen. 相似文献
16.
Katsushi Nagamori Toshiko Katayama Masahiro Kumagai 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(4):255-257
We report the 34th imported case of cutaneous myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Japan, which is not a habitat of the fly. A 41-year-old Japanese man noticed an insect-sting-like papule on his left upper
back during his stay in Ecuador in March 2004. After his return home, the lesion gradually increased to become a red subcutaneous
nodule with a central pore from which serosanguineous fluid drained. Because antimicrobial treatment under a diagnosis of
inflammatory atheroma was ineffective, the lesion was incised and a 3rd instar larva of D. hominis was then found and removed. We checked the literature on D. hominis myiasis reported from Japan, and noted the fact, which nobody had previously pointed out, that in Japan only one case of
D. hominis myiasis had been diagnosed correctly before a larva was found, and most of the cases were misdiagnosed and inappropriately
treated, including 11 cases given unnecessary resection of the nodules. Doctors in Japan should be aware of myiasis so that
patients are neither anxious about the disease nor suffer pain, and doctors avoid performing unnecessary resections of the
lesions. 相似文献
17.
Hiromi Kikkawa Kazunori Miyamoto Noriaki Takiguchi Tsukasa Kondo Shigemi Hitomi 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(1):59-61
To date, few cases of extraintestinal infection with Clostridium difficile have been reported. We describe a case of surgical-site infection with C. difficile following a colonic operation. Administration of metronidazole was considered to be effective for treatment of the infection.
The isolate was a toxin A-nonproducing and toxin B-producing strain. 相似文献
18.
Mandana Rafeey Reza Ghotaslou Solmaz Nikvash Asghar Ashrafy Hafez 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(5):291-295
Helicobacter pylori-associated infection is extre-mely common in Iran, as in other developing countries, but few data exist on the susceptibility
of H. pylori to antimicrobials commonly used in the eradication schedules in this country. This study was performed to determine the resistance
rate to six antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic Iranian children and to recommend an updated anti-H. pylori treatment regimen to use in children. All H. pylori isolated from children who were undergoing gastroscopy were prospectively collected and subcultured to yield their susceptibility
to six antimicrobial agents, by E test and disk diffusion methods. Demographic data and presenting symptoms were also collected.
A prospective study was carried out from January 2003 to January 2005 with 100 strains of H. pylori isolated from children (40 girls and 60 boys; age range, 1.5 to 16 years [mean, 9.22 ± 3.25 years]); the strains had been
successfully subcultured to yield antimicrobial sensitivity. Overall the H. pylori resistance rate was 95% to metronidazole, 59% to amoxicillin, 16% to clarithromycin, 9% to furazolidone, 7% to ciprofloxacin,
and 5% to tetracycline. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. There were no statistically significant differences
in antimicrobial resistance rates related to age, sex, or clinical presentation. In the Iranian children, the prevalence of
H. pylori resistance was very high to metronidazole and amoxicillin, moderate to clarithromycin, and low to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. 相似文献
19.
Yuichi Kodama Nobuaki Maeno Junichiro Nishi Naoko Imuta Hiroshi Oda Satoru Tanaka Yukiharu Kono Yoshifumi Kawano 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(5):350-352
We describe a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with osteomyelitis of the vertebrae and right femur due to Bartonella henselae. Her only symptom was prolonged fever without focal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nested polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) were useful for the diagnosis. Osteomyelitis due to B. henselae should be considered in cases of prolonged fever of unknown origin. 相似文献
20.
Akiyoshi Nariai 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(6):396-399
The prevalence of strains with ampicillin (ABPC) resistance among Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of children with lower respiratory tract infections has increased significantly during
the 6 years from 2000, when it was 41.9%, to 2005, when it reached 60.1%. From 2002, the prevalence exceeded 50%, and the
prevalence of β-lactamase-nonproducing ABPC-resistant (BLNAR) strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ABPC
of over 4 μg/ml doubled, from 28.2% in 2002 to 54.7% in 2005. In H. influenzae strains obtained from the nasopharynx of children with lower respiratory tract infections between April 2004 and March 2006,
identification of serotype b was defined, using the slide agglutination method. The frequency of isolation of H. influenzae type b (Hib) strains was then measured and the ABPC resistance conditions of the Hib strains were also evaluated. The frequency
of the Hib strains was found to be 30 out of 479 strains, 6.3%. Of these 30 strains, BLNAR accounted for 53.3% (16 strains),
approximately the same frequency of isolation as that of the BLNAR isolated from all H. influenzae strains during the same period. In Japan, the prevalence of BLNAR strains among clinically isolated H. influenzae strains has continued to increase, and the frequency of isolation of BLNAR strains among Hib strains has also continued to
rise. As a countermeasure, attempts at improving resistance have been made through judicious antibiotic use, but concern that
the choice of antibiotics for Hib meningitis may become complicated has sparked a keen interest in the introduction of Hib
conjugate vaccine.
Part of this report was presented at the fifty-fourth general meeting of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (Kyoto, May
2006). 相似文献