冠状动脉钙化对64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的影响

目的探讨64层螺旋CT（MSCT）诊断伴钙化斑块的冠状动脉狭窄的正确性。方法60例患者同期行64层MSCT冠状动脉扫描和常规冠状动脉造影（CCA）。用MSCT的平扫图像行钙化积分测定，以CCA结果为金标准，得出64层MSCT诊断有意义病变（冠状动脉狭窄率≥50％）的正确性，并分析钙化对诊断正确性的影响。结果分析797个可以诊断的冠状动脉节段，得出MSCT诊断的敏感性为96％（174／182），特异性为98％（601／615），阳性预测值为93％（174／188），阴性预测值为99％（601／609）。对于钙化积分≥100分（Agatston评分）的冠状动脉节段，MSCT诊断的特异性为63％（12／19），阳性预测值为81％（30／37）。结论对于冠状动脉无钙化或者轻度钙化者，64层MSCT可作为诊断冠心病的可靠手段应用于临床。对于严重钙化者，其诊断的特异性和阳性预测值明显下降。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的 评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉疾病的临床诊断价值.方法 59例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,并以冠状动脉造影结果作为对照,分段评价结果,冠状动脉狭窄≥50%为阳性病变.分析64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像(CTA)诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果 共评价741段冠状动脉,64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像用于诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为58.8%、97.7%、76.9%、94.8%.结论 64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像有较高的诊断准确性,可以作为评价冠状动脉狭窄的一种无创检查方法.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的初步探讨

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法：53例冠心病患者同期均行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和常规冠状动脉造影（CCA）,以CCA的诊断结果作为金标准,采用美国心脏协会冠状动脉改良分段法,分析745个冠状动脉节段MSCT图像质量及对冠状动脉狭窄的显示情况,得出有意义病变（冠状动脉狭窄率≥500%）MSCT诊断的正确性,并分析钙化对其影响。结果：587个冠状动脉节段图像可以满足诊断要求,158个节段因运动伪影（27个节段）或管壁严重钙化（131个节段）无法进行血管评价。MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度为93．4％、特异度为97．9％、阳性预测值为93．9％、阴性预测值为97．7％。钙化积分≥1000的患者,MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的特异度、敏感度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为74％、82％、68％、96％。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是一种快速、安全、无创的检查方法,与常规冠状动脉造影检查结果有较好的一致性,可以作为临床怀疑冠心病患者的首选检查方法。     

统一体位在多层螺旋CT评价冠状动脉狭窄中的应用

目的：通过建立统一的重组图像体位研究多层螺旋CT（MSCT）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性。方法：对55例临床可疑冠心病患者行16层螺旋CT心电门控增强扫描。用舒张期增强扫描图像行统一体位的最大密度投影（MIP）及容积显示技术（VRT）重组，分析应用CT血管成像（CTA）7个MIP重组体位和9个VRT重组体位评价冠状动脉狭窄≥50％的情况，将结果与常规X线冠状动脉造影作对照。结果：共分析55例患者的220个血管分支，常规X线冠状动脉造影发现62个血管分支狭窄≥50％，综合7个MIP重组体位和9个VRT重组体位，CTA发现58个血管分支狭窄≥50％（左主干5个，前降支21个，回旋支14个，右冠状动脉18个）。CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥50％的敏感性为94％（58／62），特异性为92％（146／158），准确率为93％（204／220），阳性预测值83％（58／70），阴性预测值97％（146／150）。结论：MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄有较高的敏感性和特异性；建立统一的成像体位有利于CTA与常规x线冠状动脉造影结果对照。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（64-slice CTCA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床应用价值。方法：对120例临床怀疑冠状动脉疾病及支架置入术、冠脉搭桥术后的患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像。采用回顾性心电门控扫描,并采用曲面重建、多平面重组,容积再现及最大密度投影技术显示冠状动脉主干及分支,其中30例患者近期行传统冠状动脉造影（CCA）。结果：120例患者可评价冠脉节段1377个,可满足诊断的冠脉节段1341个,占97．39％。30例患者近期行CCA检查,MSCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄节段103个与CCA相符,占88．03％,显示轻、中、重度狭窄及血管闭塞与CCA符合率分别为77．8％、93．3％、91．6％、77．8％,得出64SCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄敏感性97．52％,特异性96．02％,阳性预测值95．16％,阴性预测值96．01％。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在诊断冠状动脉疾病方面有很高的诊断价值,可以成为筛查、排除冠状动脉病变及支架、搭桥术后随访的常规检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的图像质量和诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性。方法 对120例临床可疑冠心病患者进行64层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控增强扫描，用多平面重组（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）及容积再现技术（VRT）重组图像，其中60例患者有常规X线冠状动脉成像作对照。结果 以VRT重组像评价图像质量，92例（77％）为1级，22例（18％）为2级，6例（5％）为3级。MPR、MIP及VRT重组像能显示冠状动脉的所有1级、大部分2、3级以及部分4级分支。64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉≥50％狭窄的敏感性为93％，特异性为98％。结论 64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是一种无创、快速的成像方法，对诊断冠状动脉≥50％狭窄有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

64层CT冠状动脉造影和磁共振多技术扫描联合诊断冠心病

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（CTA）和磁共振心脏多技术扫描联合诊断冠心病（CHD）的临床应用价值。材料和方法：28例拟行冠状动脉造影（CAG）的冠心病患者，于术前1周分别完成64层螺旋CTA及磁共振心脏多技术扫描，以CAG为标准分析CTA与MRI诊断冠心病的各项指标，评价平行试验和系列试验的诊断价值。结果：64层螺旋CTA判断中、重度狭窄血管（≥50％）的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为87．88％、98．73％、95．54％、96．67％、95．12％。磁共振多技术扫描左室增大8例，室壁明显变薄7例。在476个节段中，29个节段（6．09％）运动减弱或不运动，9个节段（1．89％）出现矛盾运动或室壁瘤。左心功能改变，与正常值相比有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。MRI间接推断中、重度狭窄血管（≥50％）的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为93．75％、86．54％、89．29％、81．08％、95．74％。两种方法联合平行试验和系列试验总的敏感度、特异度分别为99．24％、85．44％，82．39％、99．83％。结论：64层螺旋CTA和磁共振心脏多技术扫描诊断冠心病各有优势，两者互相补充，联合使用可方便、全面、准确、无创地对冠心病患者进行评估。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像和传统冠状动脉血管造影的对比研究

目的评估16层螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）判断冠状动脉血液动力学相关性狭窄（≥50％）的价值。方法对同时接受16层CT冠状动脉成像和传统冠状动脉血管造影检查的26例患者进行回顾性分析。扫描时采用16排探测器，机架转速为2周／s，使用后心电门控进行横断面影像重建，结合三维重建影像评估冠状动脉狭窄程度。结果以冠状动脉血管造影为金标准，冠状动脉CTA影像判断血液动力学相关性冠状动脉狭窄（≥150％）的敏感度为90．0％，特异度为95．5％，准确度为94．7％，阳性预测值为77．6％，阴性预测值为98．2％。结论16层CTA判断冠状动脉血液动力学相关性狭窄（≥150％）有较高的临床诊断价值，对临床冠心病的诊断有较大指导意义。     

64层CTA诊断房颤患者冠状动脉狭窄准确性的临床分析

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像（comPuterizedtomographi。angiograPhy ，CTA）在诊断房颤患者冠状动脉狭窄的准确性及其应用价值。方法选取我院确诊为房颤冠状动脉狭窄88例患者，分别实施了C A G检查和CTA检查，分别分析两组患者的敏感性、特异性、准确度和符合率等指标。结果本组病例中，CTA的可评估率为95．0％，C T A诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度＜50％、50％～70％和≥70％狭窄性病变敏感性分别为69．4％（50/72）、95．4％（188/197）和84．5％（142/168），特异性分别为87．8％（750/854）、98．5％（742/754）和98．0％（741/756），准确度分别为85．7％（950/1109）、96．8％（1123/1160）和96．3％（1120/1160），阳性预测值分别为45．3％（66/146）、90．3％（177/196）和80．3％（125/156），阴性预测值分别为98．0％（877/895）、98．2％（870/886）和96．7％（869/898）。结论64层螺旋CTA显示冠状动脉狭窄敏感度高、特异性强、准确度高，在指导患者个体化治疗方案的选择和疗效评价中具有越来越广泛的应用价值。     

64排128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠脉造影比较分析

目的 探讨64排1 28层螺旋CT在冠状动脉病变中的应用价值.方法 选择2011年6月～2012年10月间在我院影像中心接受螺旋CTA检查的冠心病患者100例为研究对象,所有患者均于入院3d内完成冠状动脉螺旋CTA检查及冠脉造影.观察冠状动脉螺旋CTA图像特征,以冠脉造影为金标准,分析64排128层螺旋CTA对冠脉狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率及阴性预测率.结果 100例患者64排128层螺旋CT冠脉成像均取得满意的检查图像.以冠脉造影为金标准,64排128层螺旋CT冠脉成像显示轻度冠脉狭窄数量多于冠脉造影,中度及重度冠脉狭窄数量少于冠脉造影,经卡方检验,无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.64排128层螺旋CT冠脉成像共显示146处冠状动脉狭窄（≥50％）.以冠脉造影为金标准,64排128层螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄（≥50％）诊断的敏感性为96.4％（137/142）,特异性为96.8％（274/283）,阳性预测率为93.8％（137/146）,阴性预测率为98.2％（274/279）.结论 64排128层螺旋CT冠脉成像可以与冠脉造影相媲美,具有很高的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率及阴性预测率,值得临床推广应用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.