冠状动脉中度狭窄病变的血管内超声显像特征及价值

目的 通过血管内超声显像(IVUS)研究,了解冠状动脉造影(CAG),提示冠状动脉中度狭窄病变的性质及狭窄程度,为临床治疗方案的选择提供决策依据.方法 对经CAG发现冠状动脉存在中度狭窄的36例患者47处病变进行IVUS检查,观察病变斑块性质、特征和血管最大狭窄程度,并对CAG和IVUS两种检查结果 进行比较.结果 CAG不能显示管腔形态及斑块特点,CAG发现偏心性狭窄13处,向心性狭窄34处,病变最窄处血管直径狭窄率为(45.24±12.1)%;IVUS检测发现偏心性斑块38处,向心性斑块9处,不稳定斑块29处.IVUS所测病变最窄处直径狭窄率为(56.37±11.2)%(CAG,P<0.05),血管面积狭窄率为(79.51±15.5)%,行冠脉内支架植入31处.结论 中度狭窄病变多为不稳定易损斑块,IVUS可准确地判定冠状动脉的病变性质和狭窄程度,更好地指导临床确定治疗策略.     

冠脉造影轻度病变的血管内超声研究

目的　评价血管内超声 (IVUS)对冠脉造影提示冠状动脉轻度狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法　对经冠脉造影发现冠状动脉存在轻度狭窄的 17例患者 6 2处病变进行IVUS检查 ,通过IVUS检查了解病变斑块性质与特征及计算病变血管最大狭窄程度 ,并对这两种检查结果进行比较。结果　CAG检测发现偏心性狭窄 2 4处 ,向心性狭窄 34处 ;IVUS检测发现偏心性斑块 4 8处 ,向心性斑块 13处。CAG不能显示管腔形态及斑块特点 ,而IVUS能清楚显示。病变最窄处血管面积狭窄率IVUS所测值显著高于CAG ,分别为 (4 6± 2 1) %与 (14± 2 2 ) % ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　对于CAG显示的轻度狭窄病变 ,IVUS能更准确地判定管腔形态、病变性质及狭窄程度。     

双源CT对冠状动脉斑块特征的评价研究

目的探讨双源CT(DSCT)对冠状动脉斑块特征的评价作用。方法选取2013年5月至2015年5月在北京市昌平区中医医院心内科诊治的拟诊为冠心病的患者91例,均于入院3 d内行DSCT冠状动脉成像及冠状动脉血管内超声(IVUS)检查。观察DSCT对冠状动脉狭窄的显示情况,比较DSCT冠状动脉成像与IVUS的斑块成分、外弹力膜截面积、血管腔截面积、斑块负荷以及血管狭窄程度的差异。结果 DSCT共显示冠状动脉狭窄173处,以左前降支多发,中度及重度狭窄多见。DSCT冠状动脉成像共显示脂质斑块、纤维斑块及钙化斑块各52处、56处和46处,以IVUS为标准,DSCT冠状动脉成像对脂质斑块、纤维斑块及钙化斑块的诊断准确率为86.7%、91.8%、95.8%。DSCT冠状动脉成像与IVUS的外弹力膜截面积、血管腔截面积、斑块负荷以及血管狭窄程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DSCT冠状动脉成像可以准确地显示冠状动脉狭窄、斑块特征。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉重构的研究

目的:通过血管内超声明确合并2型糖尿病冠心病患者的冠状动脉重构特征,以及这一重构特征对管腔狭窄程度的影响。方法:62例冠状动脉造影显示单支局限性冠状动脉病变(管径狭窄>50%)的患者行病变血管的血管内超声(IVUS)检查,按有无2型糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组。定性分析斑块性质,区分软斑块和硬斑块,定量测量病变处外弹力膜横截面积(EEMCSA)、管腔横截面积(lumenCSA),计算斑块面积(EEMCSA-lumenCSA)、斑块负担,测量近端参考段EEM面积,计算重构指数,确定重构方向。结果:两组病人斑块性质无显著性差异(P>0.05)。糖尿病组病变血管EEMCSA显著小于非糖尿病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病组重构指数显著小于非糖尿病组(P<0.05)。两组均以负性重构为主,但糖尿病组负性重构更为常见。结论:合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者病变血管以负性重构为主,并且较未合并糖尿病的冠心病患者负性重构更为常见,而且更严重。提示合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者,其冠状动脉粥样硬化病变进展迅速,血管狭窄程度更严重。     

血管内超声在急性心肌梗死患者支架置入术中的应用

目的探讨血管内超声在急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉成形术和支架置入术中的应用。方法所有患者行冠状动脉造影期间同时行血管内超声检查。血管内超声对病变血管分别进行测量外弹力膜内横截面积（EEMCSA）、最小管腔面积（MLA）、斑块面积（EEMCSA-MLA）、斑块负荷（斑块面积／EEMCSA）、纤维帽的厚度、脂核大小、脂核比例、重塑指数（RI）、夹层和血栓的比例等指标。所有患者在支架置入的前后均进行血管内超声的检查。结果所有患者均进行冠状动脉造影和IVUS检查，并成功地进行了随后的球囊扩张，并在基础IVUS检查后成功地在狭窄病变部位进行了支架置入术。病变血管段的支架经冠脉造影结果较理想，但是血管内超声评价部分病变却未能达到理想的置入标准。对该病变随后进行了进一步的高压球囊扩张和血管内超声评价，均达到了理想的置入标准。患者的病变术后的前向血流均为TIMI3级，在支架置入后均获得满意的冠状动脉造影结果残余狭窄〈10％，没有出现冠状动脉造影可见的夹层，未出现与IVUS相关的严重并发症。住院期间均未发生主要心血管事件。结论血管内超声在指导急性心肌梗死患者急诊支架置入术中安全有效，可以指导改善支架置入后病变的覆盖率、支架小梁的贴壁和增加血管腔的急性获益，从而可以降低再狭窄率和再次血管形成率。从远期疗效评价而且并没有增加患者的医疗费用。     

双源64层CT与IVUS评估冠心病患者冠脉斑块性质的价值对比

目的 探究双源64层CT(64-DSCT)与血管内超声(IVUS)评估冠心病患者冠脉斑块性质的价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年10月～2019年10月收治80例疑为冠心病患者的临床资料,所有患者先行64-DSCT检查,后行冠状动脉造影(CAG)下确认病变血管后行IVUS检查。以IVUS检查结果作为标准,分析64-DSCT的检测效能。结果 以IVUS检查结果为标准,IVUS检查结果显示其中128个血管节段出现病变存在斑块,64-DSCT检查诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性和阴性预测值分别为95.87%、89.09%、92.64%、90.63%、95.15%;IVUS检查结果显示80例患者的96个血管节段中包括软斑块26块,纤维斑块12块,混合斑块40块,钙化斑块18块;而64-DSCT检查结果(准确率)为28块(92.86%),纤维斑块10块(83.33%),混合斑块41块(97.56%),钙化斑块17块(94.44%);两种检查方法检测狭窄程度、血管横截面积、管腔面积、EI、PA、RI比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 64-DSCT对斑块性质的检测效...     

血管内超声在冠状动脉临界病变治疗中的指导作用

目的 探讨血管内超声(IVUS)对冠状动脉造影(CAG)临界病变治疗的指导意义.方法 对经选择性CAG提示冠状动脉临界病变的150例150处病变进行IVUS检查,分析动脉粥样硬化斑块类型、性质及其狭窄程度.结果 150处病变中,软斑块98例(65.3%),硬斑块33例(22.0%);偏心斑块85例(56.7%),向心斑块46例(30.7%);4例检测结果正常.斑块面积平均狭窄率为(59.4±10.7)%.对IVUS示斑块面积狭窄大于70%的62例、小于70%的16例但有典型临床症状者,以及15例有斑块破裂或夹层者行进一步介入治疗.4例患者在IVUS检查过程中出现冠状动脉痉挛现象,经处理后不良反应立即消失.所有患者随访6个月以上,未出现严重心脏缺血事件.结论 IVUS能进一步明确冠状动脉临界病变的性质和狭窄程度并能指导临床治疗,安全性高.     

冠状动脉不同性质斑块的血管内超声研究

【摘要】目的研究冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者的临床表现与冠状动脉（冠脉）病变血管斑块性质的关系及冠脉不同性质斑块的血管内超声（IVUS）表现。方法 在行冠脉介入治疗前，应用IVUS观察152例冠心病患者病变血管，测量血管外弹力膜面积（EEMCSA）、最小管腔面积（MLA）、斑块面积、斑块负荷、脂核大小、脂核负荷、斑块纤维帽厚度、重构指数、斑块破裂情况，夹层和血栓形成等。结果急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者全部表现为破裂斑块和不稳定斑块，80％的不稳定心绞痛（uA）患者表现为破裂斑块和不稳定斑块，而稳定性心绞痛（SA）患者主要表现为稳定斑块；破裂斑块和小稳定斑块表现为EEMCSA、斑块面积、斑块负荷、脂核而积和脂核负荷增大，MLA更小，纤维帽更薄，正性重构、夹层和血栓较多，而稳定斑块主要表现为负性重构，无央层和血栓发生。结论冠心病患者临床表现与冠脉病变血管斑块性质关系密切，不同性质斑块的IVUS表现各不相同。     

冠心病患者中血管内超声与冠状动脉造影术的差异

目的 观察在冠心病患者中血管内超声与冠状动脉造影术的差异.方法 对44例冠心病患者的58处冠脉血管段行冠状动脉造影(CAG)及血管内超声(IVUS)检查.结果 对58处冠脉血管段进行IVUS检测和CAG检测.58处血管CAG检测显示均未达到手术干预指征,而IVUS检测显示34处需要进行手术干预治疗.病变血管的直径及直径...     

可疑冠心病冠状动脉造影和血管内超声的对比研究

目的　探讨血管内超声 (IVUS)对冠心病的诊断价值。方法　对临床拟诊可疑冠心病 (CAD)、经冠状动脉造影 (CAG)发现无明显狭窄或有轻度狭窄 (直径狭窄率 <5 0 %)者行IVUS检查 ,分析比较两种方法对可疑CAD的诊断价值。结果　 2 2例中 ,CAG显示 7例无狭窄 ,15例轻度狭窄 ,而IVUS显示均有显著的各种性质的粥样斑块病变。CAG对冠状动脉狭窄程度的测定值包括直径狭窄率 (2 1.17± 10 .93) %和面积狭窄率(37.0 5± 19.14) %,显著低于IVUS测得的 (37.87± 10 .0 7) %和 (5 7.87± 13.93) %(P值分别为 0 .0 0 6和0 .0 0 1)。IVUS对离心性、钙化、左主干、分叉部位和弥漫性病变的检出率显著高于CAG(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CAG明显低估了冠状动脉病变的严重程度 ,IVUS对可疑冠心病的诊断具有重要的临床价值 ,为选择治疗方案提供了临床客观依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.