支气管闭合器在肺叶肺段切除手术支气管残端结扎中的应用

目的分析支气管闭合器在肺叶肺段切除手术支气管残端结扎中的应用。方法选取2006年4月—2013年3月我院需要进行肺叶肺段切除手术的患者312例,将其随机分为对照组和治疗组,各156例。对照组采用涤纶线缝扎法进行支气管残端结扎,治疗组采用支气管闭合器进行支气管残端结扎,观察两组并发症发生情况。结果术后治疗组支气管胸膜瘘、胸腔感染、刺激性咳嗽、脓胸及呛咳发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论支气管闭合器用于肺叶肺段切除手术支气管残端结扎可以减少胸腔污染,避免血液反流,结扎闭合可靠,操作简便。     

34例支气管袖状肺叶切除治疗中心型肺癌的临床分析

目的:探讨支气管袖状肺叶切除术治疗34例中心型肺癌的临床疗效。方法:我科自2003年1月至2010年12月,进行了34例支气管袖状肺叶切除术,右肺上叶袖状切除14例,右中下肺叶袖状切除4例,左肺上叶袖状切除10例,左肺下叶袖状切除6例。结果:全组无死亡病例,并发症肺部感染14.7%(5/34),心律失常11.8%(4/34)。结论:支气管袖状肺叶除术提高了中心型肺癌的手术切除率,最大限度保留健康肺组织,提高了肺癌的治愈率和长期生存率,且不合并严重术后并发症。     

支气管、隆凸及肺血管成形术治疗中央型肺癌92例

目的总结支气管袖状、隆凸切除及支气管肺动脉双袖状成形术等手术方式治疗中央型肺癌的临床经验。方法对我院1996年1月~2010年5月间92例中央型肺癌患者施行以支气管袖状成形术为主的多种切除重建手术。其中右肺上叶支气管袖状切除术49例,左肺上叶袖状切除术14例,右肺中叶袖状切除术3例,左肺下叶袖状切除术4例,左肺支气管肺动脉双袖状成形肺叶切除术8例,右肺上叶切除合并器官隆凸切除重建3例,全肺切除合并气管隆凸切除重建术7例,主气管袖状切除4例。结果无围手术期死亡病例,平均手术时间2 h 43分,平均失血415 ml,术后肺不张7例（7/92）,声音嘶哑4例（4/92）,机械通气支持3例（3/92）。1、3、5年生存率分别为80.7%,59.6%,31.5%。结论隆凸切除、支气管袖状成形术、支气管肺动脉双袖状成形术等术式既能最大限度地切除肿瘤,又能最大限度保护了肺功能,且隆凸切除气道重建术能进一步扩大手术适应证,提高了中央型肺癌的手术切除率。     

58例结核性毁损肺的外科治疗

目的总结结核性毁损肺手术治疗经验。方法回顾分析我科1991～2010年58例结核性毁损肺行胸膜肺全切除术36例,全肺切除22例。结果手术失血350～5500 ml,平均1200 ml,合并呼衰5例,无死亡病例,合并支气管胸膜瘘3例。结论积极手术治疗结核性毁损肺,注意风险,防范手术并发症。     

70岁以上老年人肺癌的外科治疗体会

目的 分析70岁以上老年人肺癌手术适应证、肺功能保护、围手术期处理以及影响预后的因素。方法 全组273例，年龄70～85岁，平均77．5岁。Ⅰ期85例，Ⅱ期137例，Ⅲ期51例。肺段和楔形切除17例，单纯肺叶切除（包括双叶切除）158例，支气管袖式肺叶切除21例，肺动脉加支气管袖式肺叶切除6例，全肺切除65例，右肺上叶切除加隆突切除重建4例，右肺上、中叶加隆突切除重建2例。结果 并发症发生率43．6％，病死率4．3％，围术期死亡9例（3．3％），其中循环衰竭5例，呼吸衰竭4例，总5年生存率44．2％，Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者5年生存率分别为73．2％、32．6％、15．0％，预后危险因素为：长期大量吸烟（P=0．004）、肺癌Ⅲ期（P=0．013）及慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（P=0．042）。结论 70岁以上老年人肺癌的侵袭与转移发生较慢，在严格选择手术适应证的前提下，结合术中肺功能保护及周密的隔术期处理，患者术后可获得相对良好的远期预后。     

支气管与肺动脉成形肺叶切除术治疗肺癌

作者行支气管与肺动脉同时切除成形术治疗5例中心型肺癌,讨论了手术方法及适应症等。认为本术式可最大限度地切除肿瘤,并保留了健康的肺组织,避免了传统的全肺切除,使部分病人获得手术机会,提高了疗效。     

完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术诊治肺良性疾病50例分析

目的探讨完全电视胸腔镜(VATS)肺叶切除术在肺良性疾病诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法我科行肺良性疾病胸腔镜肺叶切除术50例。其中辅助小切口2例,全胸腔镜肺叶切除48例,术中送冰冻切片病理检查。结果全组无围手术期死亡,围手术期并发症3例(6%)。手术平均时间109 min;术中平均出血量89 ml;术后胸液平均268 ml;术后平均置管时间4.9天;术后平均住院时间6.7天。术后病理:炎性假瘤11例,肺结核球13例,肺囊肿7例,错构瘤2例,支气管扩张5例,硬化性血管瘤3例,曲霉菌病2例,肺隔离症3例,肺脓肿2例,腺瘤2例。结论胸腔镜肺叶切除手术可同时达到诊断和治疗肺良性疾病的目的,且具有创伤小,恢复快,切口美观等优点。     

结核性气管支气管狭窄的外科治疗

目的报告结核性气管、支气管狭窄的外科治疗经验。方法分析的３５例中气管狭窄２例，支气管狭窄３３例。全肺切除１４例，肺叶切除１３例，肺叶切除支气管成形３例，右全肺切除加气管下段部分切除２例，主支气管节段切除１例，右全肺切除加气管成形术１例，气管切开、气管下段肉芽肿摘除术１例。结果术后效果良好，无支气管胸膜瘘、支气管再狭窄和手术死亡。结论对气管、支气管结核性狭窄，将狭窄之气管、支气管连同受累肺叶一并切除并加气管或支气管成形术为首选方式。     

全胸腔镜下肺叶切除60例体会

目的探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的可行性、安全性。方法我院共施行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除60例,其中施行右肺上叶切除15例,右肺中叶3例,右肺下叶16例,左肺上叶10例,左肺下叶16例,肺癌同时行纵隔及肺门淋巴结清扫。结果全组60例患者中57例在全胸腔镜下顺利完成肺叶切除,3例因肺门血管解剖困难,术中出血中转开胸手术。术后病理诊断为肺癌38例,结核瘤10例,炎性假瘤4例,支气管扩张8例。手术时间65～320 min(218±42 min),术中出血量150～800 ml(260±285 ml),无严重并发症发生,无手术死亡。术后发生肺不张2例,经纤维支气管镜吸痰后好转;肺断面持续漏气3例,予延长胸腔闭式引流2周后,无漏气后拔管。术后住院时间10±14 d(10.6±3.2)。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除是一种安全、有效的微创手术方式,主要适用于周围性肺癌和肺部良性疾病。     

手术治疗突入主支气管腔的中心型肺癌(附9例报告)

目的 总结突入主支气管腔的中心型肺癌的手术治疗经验.方法 9例突入主支气管腔的中心型肺癌患者,术中均在病变所在肺叶支气管或左右主支气管根部5 mm处环支气管一周切开支气管(暂命名为环支气管肺切除术);左全肺切除2例,右全肺切除1例,左肺上、下叶切除各1例,右肺中下叶切除1例,右肺上叶切除3例.结果 本组无手术死亡.所有患者术后复查胸部CT片见余肺膨胀良好,经纤维支气管镜或胸部CT气管支气管三维重建检查见支气管通畅、无狭窄;术后1例发生喉返神经可逆性损伤,于术后3周完全恢复.经长期随访,1例于术后3周发生脑梗死而死亡,1例于术后半年发生意外事件死亡,1例于术后5 a失访;余6例中存活1a1例,4a1例,5a2例,6a1例,8a1例.结论 对突入主支气管腔的中心型肺癌可行环支气管肺叶切除术或环支气管全肺切除术,既能完整地切除肺肿瘤又能最大限度地保留健康的肺组织,疗效满意.     

高龄肺切除患者术后肺部并发症的分析

目的探讨高龄肺切除患者手术后肺部并发症的发生与预防。方法回顾性分析我院2000年6月～2009年8月63例70岁以上高龄患者肺切除术后发生肺部并发症的25例临床资料。结果本组手术后发生肺部并发症,发生率39.7%,其中肺部感染发生率最高,占52%。手术后死亡3例,围手术期死亡率4.8%。结论高龄肺切除患者术后肺部并发症发生率较高,但是充分的术前准备与评估,操作细致,术后加强监护管理等,都是预防术后肺部并发症的重要措施。     

Prolonged survival after repeat resection of pulmonary metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

We report a patient in whom two pulmonary resections were performed for lung metastasis after hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A 56‐year‐old Japanese man with an 8‐year history of chronic liver disease was admitted with elevated serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and a liver tumor that had been detected by ultrasonography. Computed tomography showed a 6‐cm tumor in the medial segment of the liver, and partial resection of the medial segment was performed. Thirty‐six months after the first operation, pulmonary resection was performed for a solitary metastasis in the left lung. Fifty‐one months after the second operation, a solitary metastatic tumor was detected in the right lung, without any evidence of recurrence or other metastatic foci, and thoracoscopic partial resection of the right lung was performed as the third operation. The patient is alive 36 months after the second pulmonary resection, has a normal AFP value, and shows no signs of recurrent or metastatic foci. Repeat pulmonary resection for metastasis from HCC resulted in long‐term survival in this patient.     

VATS肺楔形切除外科治疗60例

目的：观察电视胸腔镜（下称VATS）术在肺楔形切除中的临床应用。方法：60例肺部周围型肿瘤行VATS楔形切除。结果：60例在VATS下完成手术。平均手术时间75min，平均住院日9．62日，无手术死亡，无严重并发症发生；结论：VATS技术是对肺周围型肿瘤具有极大发展前途的微创外科技术。     

Surgical management of a patient with combined heart pathologies and lung cancer. A simultaneous coronary artery bypass surgery,aortic valve replacement,tricuspid valve repair and pulmonary resection

Coexisting coronary artery disease and significant heart valve disease represent a considerable risk factor in patients undergoing pulmonary resection. The possibility to perform concomitant (simultaneous) heart and lung surgery could be a good option for many patients.In the presented case report, the intervention was performed on two valves, triple coronary artery bypass and pulmonary resection, which has not been published in literature to date.A 68-year-old woman with coronary artery disease, aortic valve stenosis, tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary disease (malignant pathology) presented with triple vessel disease, moderate aortic valve stenosis, severe tricuspid regurgitation and tumorous infiltration in the upper lobe of the left lung. She underwent combined heart and pulmonary surgery-left upper lobectomy, aortic valve replacement, tricuspid valve repair and coronary artery bypass surgery. On the eight day of surgery, she was discharged. She continues to do well on follow-up.Simultaneous cardiac surgery and pulmonary resection for malignancy become almost standard treatment of patients who require heart and lung surgery. The most often approach is midline sternotomy that enables a comfortable cardiac intervention as well as an acceptable access to lungs. The left lower lobectomy remains an exception, in which pulmonary resection during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is more often an option of left thoracotomy. If the use of ECC is inevitable, some authors prefer pulmonary resection before starting up ECC if the location of the neoplasm does not require resection during ECC.     

肺切除术围手术期加速康复效果分析

目的探讨快速康复外科（FTS）护理措施在肺切除术围手术期应用的可行性和有效性。方法对2008年8～12月40例肺切除患者（对照组）和2009年1～5月41例肺切除患者（FTS组）分别采用常规护理和FTS护理（加强宣教、术前2h禁食、术后4h进食和早期活动）,比较两组舒适度、引流量、拔管时间、排便时间、术后住院日和并发症发生率。结果FTS护理措施显著降低了患者术前的口渴、饥饿感,FTS组术后首次排便时间、术后住院日短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论FTS护理措施应用于肺切除术患者是安全可行的,促进了患者的康复,提高患者舒适度。     

Results of Aggressive Resection of Lung Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma Detected by Intensive Follow-Up

PURPOSE: Although outcome of resection for colorectal carcinoma has improved, about 30 percent of patients develop metastatic lesions. Small pulmonary metastases 1 cm or less in diameter now can be detected by diagnostic tests including chest radiography and computed tomography. We evaluated results of our strategy for intensive follow-up after resection of colorectal cancer and aggressive resection of lung metastases disclosed by these periodic examinations. METHODS: Our follow-up program for lung metastasis includes a serum carcinoembryonic antigen assay every two months and chest radiography every six months. Surgical resection of lung metastases was performed if the primary and any nonpulmonary metastases had been controlled, lung metastases numbered four or fewer, and pulmonary functional reserve was adequate. Standard operation for lung metastasis was lobectomy, and lymph node dissection was added in cases of tumor size over 3 cm. Forty-two patients underwent 50 lung resections for metastatic colorectal cancer between 1992 and 1999. Long-term survival was assessed in terms of clinical variables. RESULTS: Overall five-year survival rate after resection of lung metastases from colorectal cancer was 63.7 percent. Variables significantly affecting postthoracotomy survival were primary tumor histology, number of nodules, and disease-free interval up to appearance of the lung metastases, and primary tumor histology was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Intensive follow-up for lung metastases after resection of colorectal cancer and aggressive resection improved postoperative survival rate. Patients with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of primary tumor, a solitary metastatic nodule, and disease-free interval of at least two years after initial surgery are likely to be long-term survivors.     

舒芬太尼治疗肺叶切除62例临床观察

目的探讨舒芬太尼在肺叶切除治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选取肺部肿瘤行肺叶切除的患者62例,随机分为两组,其中A组30例,B组32例。在手术结束前30 min两组患者分别给予布托啡诺及舒芬太尼,并分别应用这两种药物于术后进行静脉自控镇痛。比较两组患者麻醉效果。结果术后48 h以内两组患者心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压以及脉搏氧饱和度差别不大,无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者在术后(6～24)h疼痛评分均明显低于术后1 h,且B组患者术后(6～24)h得分明显低于同时刻A组(P<0.05),其余指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论对肺叶切除患者于术后实施舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛在保证良好的安全性的同时,镇痛效果更好。     

Comparison of the outcomes between anatomical resection and limited resection for single hepatocellular carcinomas no larger than 5 cm in diameter: a single-center study

Background/Purpose

Liver resection is a widely preferred treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). This study aimed to compare the survival impact of anatomical resection with that of limited resection, in patients with single HCCs no larger than 5 cm in diameter.

Methods

A cohort study was carried out on 209 consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection for a single HCC no larger than 5 cm in diameter between January 1994 and March 2007 at Osaka City General Hospital.

Results

The cumulative 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates in the anatomical resection group (n = 111) were 71 and 40%, respectively, both of which were significantly better than the 48 and 25% seen in the limited resection group (n = 98) (P = 0.0043 and P = 0.0232, respectively). Better effects of the anatomical resection on both overall and disease-free survival were seen in patients having HCC larger than 2 cm in diameter and in patients with moderately or poorly differentiated HCC. But no significant difference in either overall or disease-free survival was seen between the groups in patients with a HCC 2 cm or less in diameter or in the patients with well-differentiated HCC. Using Cox’s regression model, anatomical resection was confirmed to be an independent favorable factor for both overall and disease-free survival.

Conclusions

Anatomical resection is therefore recommended for histologically advanced single HCCs ranging from 2 to 5 cm in diameter.     

Simultaneous colorectal and parenchymal-sparing liver resection for advanced colorectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases: Between conventional and mini-invasive approaches

The optimal timing of surgery in case of synchronous presentation of colorectal cancer and liver metastases is still under debate. Staged approach, with initial colorectal resection followed by liver resection (LR), or even the reverse, liver-first approach in specific situations, is traditionally preferred. Simultaneous resections, however, represent an appealing strategy, because may have perioperative risks comparable to staged resections in appropriately selected patients, while avoiding a second surgical procedure. In patients with larger or multiple synchronous presentation of colorectal cancer and liver metastases, simultaneous major hepatectomies may determine worse perioperative outcomes, so that parenchymal-sparing LR should represent the most appropriate option whenever feasible. Mini-invasive colorectal surgery has experienced rapid spread in the last decades, while laparoscopic LR has progressed much slower, and is usually reserved for limited tumours in favourable locations. Moreover, mini-invasive parenchymal-sparing LR is more complex, especially for larger or multiple tumours in difficult locations. It remains to be established if simultaneous resections are presently feasible with mini-invasive approaches or if we need further technological advances and surgical expertise, at least for more complex procedures. This review aims to critically analyze the current status and future perspectives of simultaneous resections, and the present role of the available mini-invasive techniques.     

Case of Gastric Lymphoma Diagnosed by Laparoscopic Excision Biopsy

Primary gastric lymphoma is a relatively uncommon disease and sometimes forms submucosal growth causing difficulty of diagnosis. We have reported a case of primary gastric lymphoma successfully diagnosed by laparoscopic wedge resection, after repeatedly performing endoscopic forcep biopsies. Diagnostic laparoscopy for obtaining definite histological diagnosis can be regarded as minimally invasive, accurate and safe.