盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液在Beagle犬体内的药动学及血红蛋白结合研究

目的研究盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液在Beagle犬体内的药动学及多柔比星与血红蛋白的结合情况。方法 Beagle犬按1.0 mg·kg-1静脉滴注盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液,不同时间点采集血样。采用LC-MS/MS法分别测定全血及血浆中药物浓度,应用Win Nonlin 6.4计算分析软件计算其主要药动学参数;并采用体外方法分别研究游离多柔比星及多柔比星脂质体与血红蛋白的结合情况。结果 Beagle犬静脉滴注盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液后,全血及血浆中药物含量相近。游离多柔比星在质量浓度为0.500和10.0 mg·L-1时,犬平均血红蛋白结合率分别为66.09%和62.35%。多柔比星脂质体在质量浓度为0.500和10.0 mg·L-1时,不与血红蛋白结合。结论 Beagle犬静脉滴注盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液后,在血循环中驻留时间较长。药物主要分布在血浆中,与血红蛋白结合微弱。     

不同给药方案时阿奇霉素在Beagle犬体内药物动力学

目的考察Beagle犬体内阿奇霉素药动学行为,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 Beagle犬分别按照不同给药方式给予阿奇霉素制剂:1日给药(750 mg每日给药2次,总剂量为1.5 g)和连续给药3日,(500 mg每日给药1次,总剂量为1.5 g),采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定血浆中阿奇霉素的药物浓度。结果阿奇霉素的主要药动学参数如下:ρmax分别为(3.04±1.16)和(2.44±1.99)mg·L~(-1);tmax分别为(1.06±0.55)和(1.03±0.88)h;t1/2分别为(28.64±2.51)和(36.65±17.89)h;AUC0-t分别为(110.83±49.67)和(96.77±31.16)mg·h·L~(-1);AUC0-∞分别为(121.59±53.93)和(112.75±39.81)mg·h·L~(-1);以AUC0-t计算,阿奇霉素的相对生物利用度平均为(120.8±55.0)%。结论 2组间阿奇霉素的AUC、ρmax无统计学差异(P>0.05),可采用大剂量的给药方案。     

LC-MS/MS法测定Beagle犬血浆中美金刚的质量浓度

目的建立LC-MS/MS法测定Beagle犬血浆中美金刚的质量浓度,并将此方法应用于盐酸美金刚片在Beagle犬体内的药动学研究。方法采用蛋白沉淀法处理血浆样品,以金刚烷胺为内标物质(IS),采用Grace Altima HP C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为体积分数0.1%甲酸水溶液-体积分数0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 m L·min~(-1)。离子源为电喷雾电离(ESI)源,采用正离子化方式测定,采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式检测,用于定量分析的离子反应为m/z 179.8→m/z 162.8(美金刚),m/z 152.6→m/z 135.7(金刚烷胺,内标物质)。4只健康雄性Beagle犬单次经口给予盐酸美金刚片25 mg,用Win Nonlin 6.1软件以非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果血浆中美金刚线性范围为0.001~0.2 mg·L~(-1),定量下限为1μg·L~(-1),日内和日间精密度在2.1%~10.8%内,准确度在-3.5%~2.9%内,提取回收率在94.9%~96.8%内。Beagle犬单次经口给予盐酸美金刚片后,主要的药动学参数t_(1/2)为(11.0±4.7)h,t_(max)为(9.0±2.0)h,ρ_(max)为(0.078±0.024)mg·L~(-1),AUC_(0-t)为(1.350±0.295)mg·h·L~(-1),AUC_(0-∞)为(1.396±0.306)mg·h·L~(-1)。结论所建立的定量分析方法符合生物样品分析方法指导原则要求,适用于盐酸美金刚片的药动学研究。     

非洛地平对依那普利及依那普利拉在中国受试者体内药动学的影响

目的探讨非洛地平对依那普利及其代谢物依那普利拉在中国健康受试者体内药动学的影响。方法 12例健康受试者(男女各半)采用随机开放二重3×3拉丁方试验设计,受试者在空腹状态下分别口服依那普利片5 mg、非洛地平片5 mg或依那普利片5 mg+非洛地平片5 mg。以高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中依那普利及其代谢物依那普利拉的浓度,采用非房室模型法计算药动学参数,用SPSS 18.0软件对主要药动学进行统计学分析。结果单服依那普利片和同服依那普利片+非洛地平片血浆中依那普利的t_(1/2)分别为(1.08±0.59)和(1.17±0.72)h;ρ_(max)分别为(44.27±13.30)和(43.15±8.38)μg·L~(-1);AUC_(0-72h)分别为(84.90±19.50)和(82.70±16.50)μg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)分别为(85.80±19.80)和(83.30±16.50)μg·h·L~(-1)。依那普利拉的t_(1/2)分别为(14.73±3.29)和(17.35±5.56)h;ρ_(max)分别为(37.61±15.01)和(34.07±11.78)μg·L~(-1);AUC_(0-72) h分别为(372.60±84.60)和(361.00±90.70)μg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)分别为(400.60±84.60)和(361.00±90.70)μg·h·L~(-1)。依那普利及依那普利拉的所有参数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论本研究建立的HPLC-MS/MS法快速,灵敏度高,专属性强,测定结果准确,适用于临床试验中依那普利及依那普利拉血药浓度测定;非洛地平对依那普利及其代谢物依那普利拉的药动学无明显影响。     

含毒性药材马钱子的妇健阴道泡腾片Beagle犬阴道给药毒代动力学

目的研究含毒性药材马钱子的妇健阴道泡腾片阴道给药,在Beagle犬体内的代谢动力学特征及其在体内的蓄积。方法妇健阴道泡腾片25.47,84.90和169.80 mg·kg~(-1)Beagle犬阴道给药1个月,分别于首次给药和末次给药0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,10,12和24 h采血,并用API 5500型串联质谱仪检测血浆中士的宁浓度。结果妇健阴道泡腾片25.47,84.90和169.80 mg·kg~(-1)组Beagle犬首次给药后,平均AUC0-t值分别为2.44±0.98,7.30±0.50和(5.54±2.71)μg·L~(-1)·h;平均Cmax值分别为0.58±0.22,1.79±0.41和(1.22±0.80)μg·L~(-1);平均t1/2值分别为2.53±0.38,2.26±0.54和(2.69±1.07)h。末次给药后,妇健阴道泡腾片3个剂量组Beagle犬平均AUC0-t值分别为3.10±0.60,6.91±2.44和(9.15±4.47)μg·L~(-1)·h;平均Cmax值分别为0.80±0.14,1.68±0.60和(1.63±0.77)μg·L~(-1);平均t1/2值分别为2.26±0.47,2.36±0.30和(4.05±0.75)h。结论含毒性药材马钱子妇健阴道泡腾片连续给药1个月,随给药时间延长,在Beagle犬体内士的宁的暴露量随剂量增加不呈线性动力学关系,并可能有饱和吸收趋势,给药期内均无药物蓄积。     

盐酸非索非那定胶囊药物动力学及人体相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究国产盐酸非索非那定胶囊与进口盐酸非索非那定片药物动力学及人体相对生物利用度。方法:20例健康男性志愿者,用随机双交叉试验方法,单剂量口服盐酸非索非那定受试制剂或参比制剂120 mg,采用 HPLC-荧光法测定血浆中非索非那定浓度,进行药物动力学及相对生物利用度分析。结果:单剂量口服受试制剂和参比制剂的 T_(max)分别为(2.55±0.72)h 和(2.60±0.84)h;C_(max)分别为(370.8±84.7)μg·L~(-1)和(354.5±88.3)μg·L~(-1);t_(1/2)分别为(5.34±1.15)h 和(5.62±1.23)h;Cl 分别为(51.0±8.1)L·h 和(53.8±9.4)L·h;V_d分别为(390.6±96.8)L 和(438.4±122.4)L;MRT_(0-t)分别为(6.61±0.82)h 和(6.56±0.87)h,采用梯形法计算,AUC_(0-t)分别为(2290.1±368.1)μg·h·L~(-1)和(2159.5±372.8)μg·h·L~(-1),AUC_(0-∞)分别为(2409.8±389.5)μg·h·L~(-1)和(2290.6±382.8)μg·h·L~(-1)。结论:以 AUC_(0-t)计算,单剂量口服盐酸非索非那定胶囊后,体内相对生物利用度为(107.6±17.3)%。经方差分析和双单侧 t 检验表明2种制剂在人体内具有生物等效性。     

替格瑞洛片在中国健康志愿者空腹和进食条件下的生物等效性研究

目的评价国产替格瑞洛片与进口替格瑞洛片在中国健康志愿者空腹和进食条件下的生物等效性。方法采用开放、均衡、单剂量、双周期和随机交叉设计,分为空腹和进食2种条件,每种条件下各有36名健康志愿者随机分为2组,单剂量口服替格瑞洛片受试制剂(T)或参比制剂(R)90 mg,用经过验证的高效液质联用(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中替格瑞洛及其代谢产物AR-C124910XX的浓度,应用Phoenix Win Nonlin软件6.4版采用非房室模型计算药代动力学参数,评价生物等效性。结果空腹条件下,替格瑞洛受试制剂与参比制剂的C_(max)分别为(648±130和627±186)μg·L~(-1);T_(max)分别为(1.50[0.67,3.00])和(2.00[1.00,4.00])h;T_(1/2)分别为(8.23±1.12)和(8.20±1.25)h;AUC_(0-t)分别为(4061±1097)和(3905±1049)ng·h·m L~(-1);AUC0-∞分别为(4136±1147)和(3979±1102)ng·h·m L~(-1);2种制剂的C_(max)、AUC_(0-t)和AUC_(0-∞)经对数转换后90%可信区间分别为(99.60%～107.66%),(99.49%～107.63%)和(99.20%～113.15%),2制剂的T_(max)非参数法检验差异无统计学意义。进食条件下,替格瑞洛受试制剂与参比制剂的C_(max)分别为(527±152)和(521±156)μg·L~(-1);T_(max)分别为(4.00[1.00,6.00])和(3.00[1.00,6.00])h;t_(1/2)分别为(8.57±1.19)和(8.37±1.11)h;AUC_(0-t)分别为(4656±1474)和(4574±1261)ng·h·m L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)分别为(4775±1562)和(4686±1332)ng·h·m L~(-1);2种制剂的C_(max),AUC_(0-t)和AUC_(0-∞)经对数转换后90%可信区间分别为(94.22%～108.93%),(97.03%～104.63%)和(97.00%～104.73%),2制剂的T_(max)非参数法检验差异无统计学意义。结论国产替格瑞洛片和进口替格瑞洛片在中国健康志愿者空腹和进食条件下均具有生物等效性。     

低氧与常氧状态下罗红霉素在大鼠体内的药代动力学比较

目的研究比较在低氧和常氧条件下,常用抗生素罗红霉素在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法建立快速高效的超高效液相质谱联用法,测定大鼠血浆中罗红霉素的浓度。SD大鼠灌胃给予罗红霉素(10 mg·kg~(-1)),测定不同时间点的大鼠血浆药物浓度,分别计算低氧与常氧大鼠的主要药代动力学参数,并进行统计分析。结果在1~1 000μg·L~(-1)浓度间,罗红霉素在血浆中有良好的线性关系,定量下限为1μg·L~(-1)。罗红霉素在常氧和低氧大鼠体内主要药动学参数分别为:AUC_(0-t)7 576μg·h·L~(-1)和3 761μg·h·L~(-1);MRT_(0-t)5.6 h和7.7 h;T_(1/2)3.4 h和3.9 h;t_(max)3.1h和3.4 h;C_(max)1 116μg·L~(-1)和372μg·L~(-1);CL 1.5和3.0 L·h~(-1)·kg~(-2)。与常氧大鼠药动学参数比较,低氧状态下罗红霉素在大鼠体内的药动学参数C_(max)和AUC均有明显降低。结论低氧条件下,罗红霉素在大鼠体内的体内暴露量明显降低,结果为罗红霉素在低氧状态下的给药方案优化和调整提供了重要的实验依据。     

辅酶Q_(10)胶囊的药动学与人体相对生物利用度

目的研究水溶性辅酶Q_(10)超分子包合物灌装的辅酶Q_(10)胶囊(受试制剂)与辅酶Q*10胶囊(参比制剂)的生物利用度和生物等效性。方法 18名健康男性受试者随机分成2组,分别服用含44 mg辅酶Q_(10)的受试制剂和参比制剂,用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度,并计算药动学参数。结果受试制剂与参比制剂的ρ_(max)分别为(3.06±0.41)和(1.16±0.24)mg·L~(-1),t_(max)分别为(6.0±0.0)和(6.0±0.0)h,AUC_(0-t)分别为(114.50±15.78)和(40.48±8.90)mg·h·L~(-1),AUC_(0-∞)分别为(131.19±19.42)和(48.09±8.83)mg·h·L~(-1)。结论水溶性辅酶Q_(10)超分子包合物灌装的辅酶Q_(10)胶囊人体的相对生物利用度为(288.7±35.4)%。受试制剂的生物利用度大于参比制剂,两制剂生物不等效。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中的替加色罗及其药动学

目的建立人血浆中替加色罗LC-MS/MS测定法,进行人体药动学研究。方法测定24名健康受试者口服受试制剂(单剂量、多剂量)后血浆中替加色罗浓度。结果单剂量口服替加色罗(4、6、12mg)后药动学参数:t(1/2)β为(2.92±0.89)、(3.81±0.84)、(3.3±0.47)h;t_(max)为(1.06±0.28)、(1.00±0.26)、(1.00±0.18)h;ρ_(max)为(1.23±0.47)、(2.34±0.60)、(4.24±1.71)μg·L~(-1);AUC_(0→12)为(3.04±0.91)、(5.21±1.13)、(9.29±3.37)μg·h·L~(-1);MRT为(3.57±0.81)、(3.91±0.65)、(3.34±0.48)h;替加色罗多剂量(6mg,bid)药动学参数t_(max)为(0.96±0.10)h,ρss_(max)为(2.60±0.53)μg·L~(-1),pss_(min)为(0.07±0.01)μg·L~(-1),ρ_(av)为(0.51±0.11)μg·L~(-1),AUC_(0→12)为(6.13±1.3)μg·h·L~(-1)。结论本方法结果准确、灵敏,替加色罗在大部分人体内的过程符合二室开放模型,其主要药动学参数与国内外文献相近。     

Strategies to release doxorubicin from doxorubicin delivery vehicles

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs and has been successfully applied in clinics to treat haematological malignancies and a broad range of solid tumours. However, the clinical applications of DOX have long been limited due to severe dose-dependent toxicities. Recent advances in the development of DOX delivery vehicles have addressed some of the non-specific toxicity challenges associated with DOX. These DOX-loaded vehicles are designed to release DOX in cancer cells effectively by cutting off linkers between DOX and carriers response to stimuli. This article focuses on various strategies that serve as potential tools to release DOX from DOX-loaded vehicles efficiently to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumour tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue. With a deeper understanding of the differences between normal and tumour tissues, it might be possible to design ever more promising prodrug systems for DOX delivery and cancer therapy in the near future.     

甲基莲心碱对阿霉素药动学影响(英文)

阿霉素是一种蒽环类广谱抗肿瘤药物,用于治疗白血病、肝癌,乳腺癌等实体肿瘤。本研究的目的是探讨甲基莲心碱对阿霉素药动学影响。通过高效液相色谱法测定阿霉素的血浆和组织中的药物浓度,运用C18反相色谱柱进行分离,流动相是乙腈:磷酸水溶液比例为30:70,流速为1 m L/min,检测波长为233 nm。药代动力学研究发现给予甲基莲心碱明显影响阿霉素的药动学。与对照组比较甲基莲心碱预处理组的AUC,CL和t1/2β明显改变。组织分布表明:心脏、肝脏和肾脏中的药物浓度在0.5和2小时明显高于阿霉素单独组药物浓度。甲基莲心碱预处理组与阿霉素组比较脾脏和肺脏药物浓度轻微的增加,但没有显著性差异。因此,当阿霉素与甲基莲心碱联用时应该考虑阿霉素的给药剂量。     

Cardiovascular effects of doxorubicin

1. Doxorubicin dose-dependently increased the cardiac contractility of isolated frog heart within the dose-range of 1.0 to 10.0 x 10(-7) M and dose-dependently increased the cardiac output of frog heart in situ with a dose-range between 10(-7) and 10(-5) M. 2. The results of the in situ investigation, using cardiac output as the index of cardiac contractility, were in agreement with the in vitro results. The positive inotropic effects of doxorubicin climaxed around 10(-5) M beyond which there was a dose-dependent decreased in contractility. 3. Haloperidol (10(-6) M), a dopaminergic receptor blocker, and propranolol (10(-8) M), a beta-adrenergic blocker, did not block the positive inotropic effects of doxorubicin. 4. These results provide sufficient basis to suggest that doxorubicin is acting on the isolated amphibian heart through a mechanism which is not associated with beta-adrenergic and/or dopaminergic receptors.     

Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) has a very wide antitumour spectrum, compared with other anticancer drugs; however, except for Hodgkin's disease, it is not associated with curative chemotherapy. Doxorubicin has been in clinical use for more than 2 decades, and only recently has it been recognised that the cytotoxic effect is produced at the cellular level by multiple mechanisms which have not yet been conclusively identified. Key factors are a combination of doxorubicin-induced free radical formation due to metabolic activation, deleterious actions at the level of the membrane, and drug-intercalation into DNA. Multiple aspects of the clinical pharmacokinetics of this drug have been described. Wide interpatient variations in plasma pharmacokinetics have been noted, but without firm relation to clinical outcome. An apparent volume of distribution of approximately 25 L/kg points to extensive uptake by tissues. Up to several weeks after administration, significant concentrations of doxorubicin have been found in haematopoietic cells and in several other tissues. The maximum cellular doxorubicin concentrations reached in vivo remain significantly below those at which all clonogenic leukaemic cells are killed in vitro. Doxorubicin has been administered as frequent (weekly) low doses, single high doses, and as a continuous infusion. The optimal schedule with respect to tumour cytotoxicity and dose-limiting side effects such as myelosuppression or cardiotoxicity, has never been investigated in a prospective, randomised manner. Clinical trials large enough to study optimal, and possibly individualised, doxorubicin chemotherapy need to be performed. This review summarises pharmacological and pharmacodynamic data of doxorubicin, and discusses these in relation to possible improvement of its therapeutic index. Furthermore, drug interactions, dose-response relationships, mechanisms of action, multidrug resistance, and treatment scheduling are discussed in the perspective of the development of novel treatment strategies.     

Hepatotoxicity of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin

Doxorubicin and mitoxantrone were given to mice in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body wt (i.p.) and lipid peroxidation assays were carried out 3, 4 and 5 days after injection. Four days after injection, mitoxantrone induced an increase of 155% in liver spontaneous chemiluminescence and increases of 73% and 52% in malonaldehyde levels and hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence of liver homogenates. Three days after injection, administration of doxorubicin produced increases of 51% and 53% in liver spontaneous chemiluminescence and malonaldehyde formation respectively, but no changes in hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence of liver homogenates were observed. The hepatic levels of antioxidant enzymes were measured in mice treated with doxorubicin or mitoxantrone. Administration of mitoxantrone caused decreases of 50%, 27% and 42% in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, respectively. Doxorubicin also induced decreases in antioxidant enzyme levels but the effect was less marked. Our studies suggest that mitoxantrone might be more hepatotoxic than doxorubicin and that the mechanism of its toxicity would involve a reduction in antioxidant defenses.     

Hypersensitivity reaction to doxorubicin

A 42-year-old woman with synovial sarcoma developed a skin flare during doxorubicin therapy. With a subsequent dose, erythema, urticaria, and asthma occurred, despite pretreatment with antihistamines. Skin flares occur in about three percent of patients receiving doxorubicin. Rarely, generalized urticaria, angioneurotic edema, or anaphylaxis occur. Local reactions may represent molecular extravasation through vessels, or histamine release from mast cells or basophils. Generalized reactions may involve alternative complement-activation pathways. Pretreatment with antihistamines or corticosteroids sometimes is helpful in preventing recurrences.     

共振瑞利散射法测定多柔比星脂质体中游离多柔比星的含量

目的:建立共振瑞利散射法(RRS)测定多柔比星(DOX)脂质体中游离 DOX 含量。方法:在 pH 2.6的 Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲液中,刚果红(CR)与 DOX 通过分子间作用力形成离子缔合物,在λ_(ex)=λ_(em)=380 nm 波长时能使 RRS 信号显著增强。结果:RRS 法在1～12 μg·mL~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.05~(-1)g·mL~(-1)。对6个不同批号的 DOX 脂质体混悬液中游离 DOX 的含量测定,结果与紫外可见分光光度法相符,RSD(n=6)为1.9%～3.2%,平均回收率为94.3%。结论:此方法灵敏度较高,可以用于测定 DOX 脂质体中游离 DOX 的含量。     

Late doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.

The occurrence of late congestive heart failure (CHF) as the first clinical manifestation of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity is unusual in children and very rare in adults. However, subclinical cardiac dysfunction is commonly detected in children years after treatment with doxorubicin containing regimens. We report a 58 year old woman who developed stage IV CHF 7 years after completion of doxorubicin treatment for carcinoma of the ovary. Occult cardiac dysfunction was first demonstrated by radionuclide angiography 6 years prior to the occurrence of the clinical manifestations. This unique course of the disease and the management of the CHF are discussed.     

Biodegradable intraprostatic doxorubicin implants

Systemic chemotherapy is not effective in the treatment of prostate-confined cancer. We developed biodegradable, doxorubicin-loaded cylinders for intraprostatic implantation and evaluated the feasibility of using regional intraprostatic drug therapy to treat prostate-confined cancer. Cylinders were prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) or PLG copolymers. The in vitro and in vivo drug release, intraprostatic pharmacokinetics, and histopathology in dogs implanted with the cylinders were studied. The doxorubicin-loaded cylinders made of PLG polymers of 7.9 to 54 kDa molecular weight (MW) had a diameter of ~800 mum, drug loading of 10% to 30% (wt/wt), and even distribution of crystalline drug throughout the matrix. Burst release varied from 3% to 73%, and 7-day cumulative release from 4% to 90%. Decreasing polymer MW and increasing drug loading were associated with higher initial burst release and overall release rates. The in vivo drug release from cylinders (33-kDa PLG, 30% drug loading) in dog prostates was rapid (approximately 80% in 48 hours). Spatial drug distribution, visualized using confocal fluorescence microscopy, showed high concentrations confined to the lobule containing the implant (referred to as the implanted lobule), with steep concentration gradients over the septa separating the lobules. Concentrations in the implanted lobule were about 8 times higher than concentrations delivered by an intravenous injection. The implants caused necrotic cell death in the implanted lobule, without damage to prostatic nerve bundles or the urethra. These results indicate the feasibility of using biodegradable PLG cylinders as intraprostatic implants to selectively deliver high drug concentrations to prostate tissue.     

Simultaneous analysis of liposomal doxorubicin and doxorubicin using capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence

A method based on a capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection was developed and validated for simultaneous separation of doxorubicin (DOX) and liposomal encapsulated DOX. The separation was accomplished using a fused silica capillary (60 cm in total length, 75 μm I.D.) and potassium phosphate buffer [12.5 mM, pH 7.4] as the running buffer. The effect of sample preparation conditions on maintaining liposomal integrity was also investigated. The limit of detection for DOX was 0.1 μg/ml and the precision and accuracy of CE/LIF method was within the ranges of FDA guidelines. The validated method was successfully used to quantify DOX in human plasma using a direct injection of a 4-fold dilution of spiked liposomal DOX in human plasma.