Evaluation of PET and MR datasets in integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI: A comparison of different MR sequences for whole-body restaging of breast cancer patients

ObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic value of different MR sequences and 18F-FDG PET data for whole-body restaging of breast cancer patients utilizing PET/MRI.MethodsA total of 36 patients with suspected tumor recurrence of breast cancer based on clinical follow-up or abnormal findings in follow-up examinations (e.g. CT, MRI) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a PET/CT and subsequently an additional PET/MR scan. Two readers were instructed to identify the occurrence of a tumor relapse in subsequent MR and PET/MR readings, utilizing different MR sequence constellations for each session. The diagnostic confidence for the determination of a malignant or benign lesion was qualitatively rated (3-point ordinal scale) for each lesion in the different reading sessions and the lesion conspicuity (4-point ordinal scale) for the three different MR sequences was additionally evaluated.ResultsTumor recurrence was present in 25/36 (69%) patients. All three PET/MRI readings showed a significantly higher accuracy as well as higher confidence levels for the detection of recurrent breast cancer lesions when compared to MRI alone (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all three PET/MR sequence constellations showed comparable diagnostic accuracy for the identification of a breast cancer recurrence (p > 0.05), yet the highest confidence levels were obtained, when all three MR sequences were used for image interpretation. Moreover, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted VIBE imaging showed significantly higher values for the delineation of malignant and benign lesions when compared to T2 w HASTE and diffusion-weighted imaging.ConclusionIntegrated PET/MRI provides superior restaging of breast cancer patients over MRI alone. Facing the need for appropriate and efficient whole-body PET/MR protocols, our results show the feasibility of fast and morphologically adequate PET/MR protocols. However, considering an equivalent accuracy for the detection of breast cancer recurrences in the three PET/MR readings, the application of contrast-agent and the inclusion of DWI in the study protocol seems to be debatable.     

18F-FDG PET显像在肺癌预后评价中的应用

目的 探讨^18F-FDG PET显像评价新诊断肺癌患者的预后价值。方法 回顾性分析201例新诊断肺癌患者资料，以肺部原发病灶的SUV为显像的预后评价指标，采用SPSS11．5软件行单因素和多因素生存分析。结果 单因素分析显示：TNM分期、原发病灶大小及SUV均为影响预后的重要因素（P〈0．05），而性别、年龄与预后无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。SUV对不同分期患者的预后价值不同，对Ⅲ期患者预后评价的价值最大。Cox比例风险模型分析显示：TNM分期及原发病灶的SUV是影响预后的最重要的因素（P〈0．05）。SUV〉8患者的死亡风险是SUV≤8患者的2．19倍。SUV每升高“1”，患者死亡风险升高7％。结论 肺癌原发病灶的SUV是独立于TNM分期外的另一个重要的预后因子。分期相同的肺癌患者根据SUV的不同可以划分为不同危险组，制定个性化的治疗方案。     

18F-FDG hPET/CT显像在非小细胞肺癌临床分期中的应用

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖hPET/CT（^18F-FDG hPET/CT）显像在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）临床分期中的应用价值。方法72例NSCLC患者于放疗前行^18F-FDG hPET/CT显像检查,进行FDG分期,并将FDG分期和CT分期结果进行比较分析。结果^18F-FDG hPET/CT显像使27例NSCLC患者分期改变,其中分期升级20例,分期降级7例。14例分期升级者^18F-FDG hPET/CT显像检查发现了远处转移灶,其治疗方案由根治性治疗改为姑息性治疗。FDG显像较CT多发现了47个转移淋巴结,并对其进行了放疗;多发现了26个远处转移灶,并对其进行了姑息性放疗。结论^18F-FDG hPET/CT显像改变了37．5％（27／72）NSCLC患者的临床分期,影响了其治疗策略及放疗计划,使得治疗更加合理。     

PET/CT using 18F-FDG in suspected lung cancer recurrence: diagnostic value and impact on patient management.

The goal of this study was to assess the value of hybrid imaging using a combined PET/CT device with 18F-FDG in the diagnosis and clinical management of suspected recurrent lung cancer. METHODS: Forty-two patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with suspected recurrence due to new clinical, biochemical, and radiologic findings were prospectively evaluated. PET/CT results were compared with PET interpreted with side-by-side CT data. A final diagnosis of recurrence was confirmed by histologic tissue sampling during surgery or biopsy or by further clinical and radiologic work-up. The impact of PET/CT on patient management was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 27 positive PET/CT studies (89%) were proven to have recurrent disease. Fourteen of 15 negative PET/CT studies (93%) had no evidence of disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of PET/CT for diagnosis of recurrence were 96%, 82%, 89%, and 93% compared with 96%, 53%, 75%, and 90%, respectively, for PET. PET/CT changed the PET lesion classification in 22 patients (52%), by determining the precise localization of sites of increased 18F-FDG uptake. PET/CT changed the management of 12 patients (29%) by eliminating previously planned diagnostic procedures (5 patients), by initiating a previously unplanned treatment option (4 patients), or by inducing a change in the planned therapeutic approach (3 patients). CONCLUSION: In patients with a suspected recurrence of NSCLC, PET/CT provides a better anatomic localization of suspicious lesions compared with PET interpreted with side-by-side CT data. This improved diagnostic performance of PET/CT has a further impact on the clinical management and treatment planning of the patients.     

Imaging of proliferation with 18F-FLT PET/CT versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in non-small-cell lung cancer

Purpose  

To compare the diagnostic efficacies of ¹⁸F-FLT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on the correlation between FLT and FDG tumour uptake and tumour cell proliferation as indicated by the cyclin D1 labelling index.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌术前T及N分期的价值

目的 比较^18F—FDG PET／CT与CT在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）原发灶（T）及淋巴结（N）分期中的价值。方法 以术后病理诊断为标准，比较30例NSCLC患者^18F-FDG PET／CT与CT在T及N分期中的诊断效能。结果 ^18F—FDG PET／CT和CT在T分期中准确性分别为86．7％，73．3％（P〉0．05）；对115站胸内淋巴结的诊断灵敏度、特异性及准确性分别为68．8％，95．2％，87．8％和43．8％，88．0％，75．7％，2种方法准确性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；对65站纵隔淋巴结诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为90．5％，97．7％，95．4％和57．1％，81．8％，73．8％，2种方法准确性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；在N分期中准确性分别为76．7％，66．7％（P〉0．05）。结论 ^18F—FDG PET／CT融合图像较CT更有助于NSCLC术前T和N分期，尤其在纵隔淋巴结的诊断中明显优于CT。     

Consistency and prognostic value of preoperative staging and postoperative pathological staging using 18 F-FDG PET/MRI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Annals of Nuclear Medicine - In recent years, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has been clinically used as a method to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)....     

PET/CT在肺癌分期中的应用

肺癌的TNM分期对病人的治疗计划有重要的指导作用，影像学检查是肺癌术前分期的主要方法。PET／CT作为目前最先进的分子影像检查设备，实现了功能和形态影像的有机融合，在肺癌的术前分期中得到越来越广泛的应用。主要综述PET／CT在肺癌TNM分期中的作用。     

PET/CT在肺癌分期中的应用

肺癌的TNM分期对病人的治疗计划有重要的指导作用,影像学检查是肺癌术前分期的主要方法。PET/CT作为目前最先进的分子影像检查设备,实现了功能和形态影像的有机融合,在肺癌的术前分期中得到越来越广泛的应用。主要综述PET/CT在肺癌TNM分期中的作用。     

18F-FDG PET延迟显像鉴别诊断原发性肺癌

目的　探讨18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET延迟显像对原发性肺癌和肺结核的鉴别诊断价值。方法　 70例受检者分为原发性肺癌组 (2 5例 )、肺结核组 (16例 )和正常对照组 (2 9例 ) ,分别行18F FDGPET早期头部～盆腔显像和注射后 4h胸部延迟显像。计算 2次显像肺部病灶感兴趣区 (ROI)与同一平面对侧正常组织的放射性比值 (T/B)。结果　18F FDGPET显像示 2 5例原发性肺癌早期显像阳性 2 2例 ,阴性 3例 ,灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值分别为 88 0 %、87 5 %和 91 7% ;延迟显像阳性2 3例 ,阴性 2例 ,灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值分别为 92 0 %、93 8%和 95 8%。T/B与原发性肺癌不同组织学类型存在明显关系。肺结核组早期显像T/B为 3 6 7± 2 17,其中 2例发现FDG高摄取灶 ,假阳性率为 12 5 % ,延迟显像 1例FDG阳性 ,假阳性率为 6 3%。早期显像原发性肺癌组T/B (4 33± 3 0 0 )和肺结核组差异无显著性 (t=0 94 5 ,P =0 347) ,延迟显像原发性肺癌组T/B (7 91± 7 0 8)较早期显像增高 3 4 9± 2 6 6 ,明显高于肺结核组 (3 6 7± 1 86 ,t=4 173,P =0 0 0 0 )。肺结核组和对照组T/B (1 15± 0 31,1 0 5± 0 13)延迟与早期显像差异无显著性 (t=0 0 4 9、1 5 6 4 ,P =0 96 6、0 199)。结论延迟显像比早期显像更     

Regional nodal staging with 18F-FDG PET-CT in non-small cell lung cancer: Additional diagnostic value of CT attenuation and dual-time-point imaging

Background

[Fluorine-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET–CT) is widely performed in the regional nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG by tubercular granulomatous tissues may lead to false-positive diagnosis. This is of special concern in China, where tubercular granulomatous disease is epidemic. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of an additional CT attenuation and a dual-time-point scan in determining the status of lymph nodes.

Methods

Eighty NSCLC patients underwent curative surgical resection after ¹⁸F-FDG PET–CT and separate breath-hold CT examinations. The initial images were analyzed by two methods. In method 1, nodal status was determined by ¹⁸F-FDG uptake only. In Method 2, nodal status was determined by ¹⁸F-FDG uptake associated with CT attenuation. For dual-time-point imaging, the retention index (RI) of benign and malignant nodal groups with positive uptake in the initial scan was examined.

Results

A total of 265 nodal groups were documented. On a per-nodal-group basis, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Method 1 were 66.7%, 89.7%, and 85.3%, respectively, whereas those of Method 2 were 64.7%, 96.7%, and 90.6%, respectively. The improvement in diagnostic specificity and accuracy associated with the addition of CT attenuation in Method 2 as compared to Method 1 was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Thirty-nine nodal groups with positive uptake in the initial scan underwent dual-time-point imaging and the difference in the RI between benign and malignant groups showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

¹⁸F-FDG PET–CT has high diagnostic value for preoperative lymph-node (N) staging of NSCLC patients. We show that ¹⁸F-FDG uptake combined with CT attenuation improves the diagnostic specificity and accuracy of nodal diagnosis in NSCLC. For the lymph nodes with positive uptake in the initial scan, dual-time-point imaging has limited effect in differentiation.     

18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of penile cancer.

The value of PET or PET/CT with (18)F-FDG for the staging of penile cancer has yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of (18)F-FDG uptake in the primary malignancy and its metastases and to determine the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the staging and restaging of penile cancer. METHODS: Thirteen patients (mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 14.0 y) with suspected penile cancer or suspected recurrent disease were examined with a Gemini PET/CT system (200 MBq of (18)F-FDG). The reference standard was based on histopathologic findings obtained at biopsy or during surgery. RESULTS: Both the primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases exhibited a pattern of (18)F-FDG uptake typical for malignancy. Sensitivity in the detection of primary lesions was 75% (6/8), and specificity was 75% (3/4). On a per-patient basis, sensitivity in the detection of lymph node metastases was 80% (4/5), and specificity was 100% (8/8). On a nodal-group basis, PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 89% (8/9) in the detection of metastases in the superficial inguinal lymph node basins and a sensitivity of 100% (7/7) in the deep inguinal and obturator lymph node basins. The mean +/- SD maximum standardized uptake value for the 8 primary lesions was 5.3 +/- 3.7, and that for the 16 lymph node metastases was 4.6 +/- 2.0. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the main indication for (18)F-FDG PET in the primary staging or follow-up of penile cancer patients may be the prognostically crucial search for lymph node metastases. With the use of a PET/CT unit, the additional information provided by CT may be especially useful for planning surgery. Implementing (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in future staging algorithms may lead to a more precise and stage-appropriate therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, invasive procedures with a high morbidity rate, such as general bilateral lymphadenectomy, may be avoided.     

Evaluation of gross tumor size using CT, 18F-FDG PET, integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT and pathological analysis in non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose

The correlation of gross tumor sizes between combined ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images and macroscopic surgical samples has not yet been studied in detail. In the present study, we compared CT, ¹⁸F-FDG PET and combined ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for the delineation of gross tumor volume (GTV) and validated the results through examination of the macroscopic surgical specimen.

Methods

Fifty-two operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients had integrated ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans preoperatively and pathological examination post-operation. Four separate maximal tumor sizes at X (lateral direction), Y (ventro-dorsal direction) and Z (cranio-caudal direction) axis were measured on ¹⁸F-FDG PET, CT, combined ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and surgical specimen, respectively. Linear regression was calculated for each of the three imaging measurements versus pathological measurement.

Results

No significant differences were observed among the tumor sizes measured by three images and pathological method. Compared with pathological measurement, CT size at X, Y, Z axis was larger, whereas combined ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET size were smaller. Combined ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT size was more similar to the pathological size than that of ¹⁸F-FDG PET or CT. Results of linear regressions showed that integrated ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was the most accurate modality in measuring the size of cancer.

Conclusions

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT correlates more faithfully with pathological findings than ¹⁸F-FDG PET or CT. Integrated ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is an effective tool to define the target of GTV in radiotherapy.     

肺癌脊椎骨转移（18）F-FDG PET/CT与MRI的对比分析

目的：比较分析18 F-FDG PET/CT与MRI在肺癌脊椎骨转移诊断方面的敏感性、特异性。方法：28例肺癌PET/CT疑脊椎转移患者行MRI检查,比较两种方法对脊椎转移的显示征象。统计学方法采用配对四格表资料2检验,P〈0.05被认为差异有显著性。结果：经病理或随访确诊脊椎骨转移22例。以受累椎体病灶个数为统计单位,脊椎范围内共700个椎体,153个为真阳性,574个为真阴性。PET/CT诊断正确143个病灶,假阴性10个,假阳性24个,其敏感性93.4%,特异性95.6%。MRI诊断正确145个病灶,假阴性8个,无假阳性,其敏感性94.7%,特异性100%。结论：在显示脊椎骨转移方面,MRI较PET/CT具有更高的敏感性、特异性。     

肺癌术前18F-FDG PET/CT对纵隔淋巴结外科分期的临床价值

目的 探讨肺癌术前18F-FDG PET/CT对纵隔淋巴结转移外科分期的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析68例肺癌患者术前18F-FDG PET/CT及CT对纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断及分期结果,并与术后病理结果对照.统计学分析采用x2检验和t检验.结果 68例患者共切除纵隔淋巴结222枚,其中84枚(37.8％)病理检查证实为转移.18F-FDG PET/CT与CT诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性及阴性预测值分别为71.4％(60/84)、66.7％(92/138)、68.5％(152/222)、56.6％(60/106)、79.3％(92/116)与48.8％(41/84)、49.3％(68/138)、49.1％(109/222)、36.9％(41/111)、61.3％(68/111),差异均有统计学意义(x2=8.96、8.57、17.19、8.43及8.88,P均＜0.05);18F-FDG PET/CT与CT对纵隔淋巴结的分期与病理分期的一致率分别为73.5％(50/68)及41.2％(28/68),差异有统计学意义(x2=14.55,P＜0.01);其中18F-FDG PET/CT对N1及N2期淋巴结诊断的准确性分别为66.7％ (10/15)和79.2％ (19/24),明显高于CT的13.3％ (2/15)和45.8％(11/24)x2=8.89和5.69,P均＜0.05.淋巴结短径≥10 mm组SUVmax明显高于短径＜10 mm组(5.5±2.8与2.2±0.9,t=5.17,P＜0.05).结论 术前18F-FDG PET/CT对肺癌纵隔淋巴结的诊断和分期优于CT,其对适宜手术病例优化治疗决策具有临床指导意义.