Ecological study of hantavirus infection in wild rodents in an endemic area in Brazil

A 3-year ecological study of small mammals was carried out in an endemic area for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the state of Santa Catarina in Southern Brazil. A total of 994 rodents of 14 different species corresponding to the subfamilies of Sigmodontinae, Murinae, Eumysopinae, and Caviinae were captured during 2004–2006. Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon montensis were the most abundant species and showed a clear seasonal pattern with higher population sizes during the winter. Rodent population outbreaks, associated within bamboo mast seeding events, were detected predominantly in areas where hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases were notified in the state. Antibody reactivity to Hantavirus was detected in five sigmodontine species: O. nigripes (39/435), A. montensis (15/318), Akodon paranaensis (4/37), Thaptomys nigrita (1/86) and Sooretamys angouya (1/12). The highest hantavirus antibody prevalence occurred during the period of highest population size in A. montensis. For O. nigripes, hantavirus prevalence was higher in late spring, when reproduction was more frequent. Co-circulation of Juquitiba (JUQV) and Jabora (JABV) viruses was observed – JABV in A. paranaensis and A. montensis; JUQV in O. nigripes and T. nigrita. JABV occurrence was associated to gender and population size of the rodent while JUQV was related to gender, season, temperature, and locality.     

Rickettsia typhi infection in wild rodents from central Spain

When sera from 218 rodents captured in two provinces of central Spain were tested, by indirect immunofluorescence, for antibodies to Rickettsia typhi, 46 (21.1%) were found to be positive, at titres between 1:20 and 1:320. The seropositives included rodents of each of the five species collected: Mus musculus, Mus spretus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Rickettsia typhi infection appears to be common and widespread among the rodents of central Spain.     

我国东北部分地区宿主动物感染汉坦病毒的分子流行病学调查

目的了解我国东北部分地区宿主动物携带汉坦病毒状况及其型别。方法采用夹夜法捕鼠，针对不同型别汉坦病毒M片段设计引物，应用RT—PCR检测带毒状况，阳性标本测序，对M片段变异大的标本再进行S片段的扩增测序，获得序列用clustalX（1．83）和Phylip3．63进行分析。结果共捕获鼠类宿主220只，平均阳性率为3．64％，不同鼠种间阳性率差别有统计学意义。其中从棕背鼠平鼠Jilin-54、Jilin-59检测到汉滩型汉坦病毒，从褐家鼠Jilin-99、Ji—lin-106标本中检测到汉城型汉坦病毒。而从大林姬鼠HU-32、Jilin—AP10和HLJ-47中得到的汉坦病毒M片段均与HTNV原型株76-118同源性最高（95．35％～97．42％）；来源吉林（毗邻俄罗斯远东地区）大林姬鼠的Jilin-AP06的汉坦病毒M片段与我国病人分离株B78、H5同源性最高（97.25％～95.33％），与来源俄罗斯远东地区大林姬鼠的Amur类汉坦病毒AP111株同源性为93．48％，与来自吉林大林姬鼠的Jilin93同源性为80．80％，与76-118同源性为80.80％，与朝鲜大林姬鼠分离株Soochong-1同源性为88.24％。Jilin-AP06S片段同其他株的同源性与M片段的结果一致。结论我国东北部分地区宿主动物携带汉坦病毒的型别多样，我国大林姬鼠中存在Amur类病毒感染。     

Capillaria hepatica infection of wild rodents in Peninsular Malaysia

Capillaria hepatica infection in wild rodents collected from the States of Kelantan, Selangor and Johore in Peninsular Malaysia since 1973 is reported. A total of 1,258 rodents consisting of 20 species of house, field and forest rats, and 7 species of squirrels were examined for the parasite and 17 species consisting of 111 murids and 1 flying squirrel were found infected. The house rat, Rattus norvegicus had the highest prevalence rate, followed by 3 species of field rats, R. tiomanicus, R. argentiventer and Bandicota indica. The prevalence of infection was low among forest rats with the exception of Lenothrix canus. Only 1 flying squirrel, Hylopetes spadiceus was found with the parasite. The prevalence of infection in relation to the host behaviour and habitats was discussed. C. hepatica appears to be widespread throughout Malaysia with a wide range of hosts among rodent species. Some new host records are presented herein.     

Identification of wild rodents as hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricencis in southern Brazil

Increasing number of human cases of abdominal angiostrongyliasis has been diagnosed in the south of Brazil. The main definitive host of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in Central America is the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) that does not occur in South America, except in the north of Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Rodents were captured in the endemic area in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and definitive hosts were identified for the first time in Brazil: Oryzomys nigripes and Oryzomys ratticeps. O. nigripes is a small wild rodent and it appears to be the main definitive host of A. costaricensis in the highlands of RS, Brazil's southernmost State.     

北京昌平鼠间汉坦病毒感染时间动态变化的调查

目的 了解鼠类自然感染汉坦病毒（HV）时间动态变化。方法 选取北京昌平南口镇某部驻地，从2002年8月至2004年5月采用夹夜法捕获鼠形动物。针对汉坦病毒M基因部分片段设计SEOV和HTNV型特异性引物，应用RT-PCR法检测宿主肺组织中携带HV-RNA及其型别情况；应用ELISA法和IFAT接IFAT检测IgG抗体。利用SPSS软件分析宿主动物HV感染的时间动态特征。结果 共捕获啮齿动物296只，平均感染率11％。整个调查周期总体宿主种群密度波动不大，局部小生境（养殖场）种群波动明显。优势宿主褐家鼠平均种群密度与其感染率变化之间具相关性（r=0．594，P=0．023），养殖场褐家鼠密度与HV感染率之间相关性极显著（r=0．746。P=0．008）。褐家鼠性比和阳性率变化之间不具统计学意义相关性（r=0．541，P=0．086）。成幼比和阳性率变化之间则具显著相关性（r=0．697,P=0．046）。结论 北京昌平鼠间汉坦病毒感染长期持续存在，其感染率与种群密度随时问呈现动态变化，两者之间具有相关性，并因生境而异。优势宿主种群结构特征及其动态变化与HV感染也存在较为复杂的关系。     

Molecular and serological evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in wild rodents in the Czech Republic

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and spatial distribution of the Borrelia species in wild rodents in the Czech Republic. In total, 293 muscle tissue samples and 106 sera from 293 wild rodents captured in North Bohemia and North-East and South Moravia were examined for the presence of Borrelia spp. and antibodies. Muscle samples were investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a recA primer set, with DNA quantification and melting curve analysis, and with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was found in 16.4% of the muscle samples. The most abundant genospecies was Borrelia afzelii (11.3%), followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (4.8%) and Borrelia garinii (0.7%). Borrelia infection was more frequently observed in Clethrionomys glareolus than in Apodemus spp. Sera were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, yielding the total seropositivity rates of 24.5% for anti-Borrelia IgM antibodies and 25.5% for IgG antibodies. Total seroprevalence was higher in Apodemus spp. than in C. glareolus. In conclusion, our data indicate that in the Czech Republic small wild rodents can serve as hosts for B. burgdorferi s. s. as well as for B. afzelii.     

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yugoslavia: detection of hantaviral antigen and antibody in wild rodents and serological diagnosis of human disease

Lung tissues from 547 rodents and 26 insectivores captured between 1981 and 1984 in central Bosnia (Fojnica) and central Serbia (Cacak), 2 regions known to be endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), were examined for hantaviral antigen by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Antigen was detected in 17/231 Apodemus flavicollis, 3/187 A. sylvaticus, 1/46 A. agrarius, 4/32 Mus musculus, and 3/28 Clethrionomys glareolus. In addition, antibodies against Hantaan and Puumala viruses were found in serum pooled from 2 C. glareolus captured in Fojnica and 6 Pitimys subterraneus caught in Cacak. Sera of 27 HFRS patients from different parts of Yugoslavia were tested against 3 serotypes of hantavirus. Patients from Bosnia and Serbia had highest titers against Hantaan virus, while patients from Croatia had highest titers against Puumula virus, the agent of nephropathia epidemica.     

Susceptibility of laboratory rats to isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi from different geographic areas

One week old LEW/N rats were inoculated with 15 different isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi from 3 major North American (Northeast, Midwest, and Pacific) and 1 European endemic areas. At 30 days after inoculation, several tissues were cultured for B. burgdorferi and examined for histopathological changes. Sera were tested for IgM and IgG antibody to B. burgdorferi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One or more isolates from each geographic region was recovered by culture and caused arthritis in the rats. No differences in pattern or severity of disease were apparent among pathogenic isolates. Several recovered isolates failed to infect rats, or did not cause disease. Rats that were actively infected seroconverted but uninfected rats did not. Infectivity and pathogenicity of B. burgdorferi isolates could not be correlated with molecular weights or expression of outer surface proteins based on agar gel electrophoresis.     

江西省部分地区鼠形动物中巴尔通体分布及基因组序列研究

目的 了解江西省鼠形动物中巴尔通体的携带状况和基因型特征,为巴尔通体感染的疾病预防控制提供科学依据.方法 2018-2019年在南城县、广信区、横峰县、广丰区、铜鼓县5个鼠传疾病监测项目点,采集130只鼠形动物的肝、脾组织标本进行巴尔通体分离培养,挑取形态疑似巴尔通体的菌落纯培养后提取核酸,PCR检测巴尔通体属特异性基...     

5株鼠样品中分离汉坦病毒毒株S基因序列比较与分析

目的 了解近年来从宁波口岸捕获的鼠类样品中分离的5个汉坦病毒株遗传学差异。方法 利用RT-PCR方法,对5个汉坦病毒株S基因全长进行扩增、克隆和测序,并将这5个毒株的S基因序列分别与GenBank登录的20个汉坦病毒感毒株进行比较分析。结果 DX1507株和DX1408株S基因核苷酸序列长度为1766 bp与汉城型(SEOV)病毒株 Rn-DH27同源性最为接近,LJ1112株S基因核苷酸序列长度为1772 bp与汉城型(SEOV)病毒株Cherwell同源性最为接近,DX0903株和BL1402株S基因核苷酸序列长度为1725 bp与大别山型(DABV)病毒株 Yongjia-Nc-95和Yongjia-Nc-38同源性最为接近。结论 宁波口岸分离到的汉坦病毒株分别为汉城型和大别山型,对宁波口岸开展汉坦病毒传播防控有重要意义。     

福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的物种多样性调查

目的 调查福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的分布情况及物种多样性,为恙虫病防制提供参考依据.方法 笼日法捕鼠,检获鼠体恙螨,对其鉴定、计数.用带螨率、带螨指数及优势种反映恙螨的种群构成及密度;采用丰富度、Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Simpson优势度指数分析恙螨的物种多样性.结果...     

A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions.

DNA from one biopsy sample of invasive cancer of the cervix contained sequences hybridizing with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 DNA only under nonstringent conditions. This DNA was molecularly cloned in lambda phage. Under stringent conditions of hybridization it cross-hybridized to a minor extent (less than 0.1%) with HPV types 10, 14, and 15 and showed no homology with DNA of other human HPV types. We therefore propose to designate it tentatively as HPV 16. HPV 16 DNA was used as a probe to test additional cancer biopsy samples from cervical, vulval, and penile cancer, as well as benign genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and cervical dysplasias for the presence of homologous sequences. In 61.1% (11/18) of cervical cancer samples from German patients sequences were found hybridizing with HPV 16 DNA under conditions of high stringency. In contrast, only 34.8% (8/23) of cancer biopsy samples from Kenya and Brazil revealed this DNA. Vulval and penile cancer biopsy samples hybridized to 28.6% (2/7) or 25% (1/4), respectively. Only 2 out of 33 condylomata acuminata contained HPV 16 DNA. Both positive tumors harbored in addition HPV 6 or HPV 11 DNA. The data thus indicate that HPV 16 DNA prevails in malignant tumors, rendering an accidental contamination with papillomavirus DNA from adjacent papillomas rather unlikely. The rare presence in benign genital papillomas in addition to common genital papillomaviruses suggests a dependence of HPV 16 replication on helper virus.