术前裂孔不明孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术疗效观察

目的：探讨术前裂孔不明孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析21例23眼术前裂孔不明孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效。术中11眼联合全氟萘烷注入，12眼予以巩膜环1眼行视网膜切开，17眼联合硅油注入，6眼联合C3F8注入。随访6个月～22个月，平均11．5个月。结果：21例23眼术中均检出视网膜裂孔。术后19例21眼视网膜解剖复位(91．3％)；视力提高20眼，不变2眼，下降1眼。结论：术前裂孔不明孔源性视网膜脱离，首选术式为玻璃体手术，术中仔细查找裂孔是手术成功的关键所在。     

飞秒激光制瓣LASIK术前预防性视网膜光凝

目的观察低、中、高度近视飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前周边视网膜变性和裂孔进行预防性光凝的效果。方法近视1000例（2000眼）,年龄18—50岁,屈光度-1．00～-13．00D,散光-0．50～-4．00D。术前按屈光度分组：组I,-1．00～-3．00D,350例（700眼）;组Ⅱ,-3．25～-6．00D,360例（720眼）;组Ⅲ,-6．25～-13．00D,290例（580眼）。LASIK术前常规散瞳行90D前置镜眼底检查。结果发现严重周边视网膜变性和裂孔100眼,其中组I20眼,组Ⅱ44眼,组Ⅲ36眼,多发生于颞侧。组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ发生率高于组I。对此100眼进行532nm激光预防性光凝。光凝术后1个月复查,变性和裂孔区激光封闭良好,色素斑形成,遂行飞秒激光制瓣LASIK。术后6个月-1年随访,未发现孔源性视网膜脱离。结论LASIK术前眼底检查,对明确有严重视网膜变性或有裂孔者预防性激光光凝是安全有效的,能够减少或避免术后视网膜脱离的发生,保障术后效果。     

高度近视眼白内障术后并发视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率、相关危险因素及临床特点。方法：回顾性分析高度近视眼行白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入术患者146例（232只眼）。裂孔源性视网膜脱离在术后随访的3年时间发生。所有眼均进行了详细的眼科检查，包括：最佳矫正视力、眼底检查、A超眼轴长度测量。结果：15只眼发生裂孔源性视网膜脱离（6．4％），均需行玻璃体视网膜手术进行视网膜复位。从白内障手术到发生视网膜脱离的平均时间为10±9个月（0．5～32个月）。视网膜脱离经手术治疗后视力为手动／10cm～0．06，12只眼（80％）最终视力低于白内障术前。术中后囊膜破裂与术后视网膜脱离的发生显著相关（P〈0．01），60％（9／15）的视网膜脱离患者术中发生了后囊膜破裂。结论：高度近视眼白内障术后并发裂孔源性视网膜脱离的发生率为6．4％，其预后差。术中发生后囊膜破裂患者术后发生视网膜脱离的危险性更高，对术中后囊膜破裂患者需密切随访。     

LASIK术后视网膜脱离分析

目的：探讨LASIK术与视网膜脱离的相关性。方法：对2468只眼行LASIK术后术后5只眼发生孔源性视网膜脱离的临床资料进行回顾性分析。5只眼均为高度近视,眼轴25.37-30.10mm,3只眼术前有相应部位的周边部视网膜变性。视网膜脱离发生时间：术后1．5－1．2月时,对LASIK术中可能影响已存在高度近视病变视网膜的因素进行了分析。结果：LASIK术后视网膜脱离发生率为0．2％,裂孔多发生在术前相应变性区域。结论：LASIK术中眼压变化及激光冲击波可能对存在周边部病变的视网膜具有一定的影响,术前充分散瞳查眼底,对可疑病变进行氩激光光凝可预防视网膜脱离的应用。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术前视网膜变性预防性光凝的临床观察

目的 观察准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前视网膜变性预防性氩离子激光光凝对术后视网膜稳定性的影响。方法 LASIK术前对近视眼患者常规行直接检眼镜、三面镜检查，对视网膜干性裂孔或严重视网膜变性的144例（168眼）患者行氩离子激光光凝，作为治疗组；另外108例（126眼）轻度视网膜变性的患者不予氩离子激光光凝，作为对照组；LASIK术后密切观察视网膜病变情况，必要时补行氩离子激光。结果 LASIK术后随诊12个月，治疗组视网膜情况稳定。对照组有6眼于LASIK术后视网膜变性范围扩大，病情加重，补行氩离子激光光凝；1眼出现孔源性视网膜脱离，给予视网膜脱离复位手术。结论 LASIK术前对明确有视网膜变性或伴视网膜干性裂孔的近视眼患者预防性行氩离子激光光凝治疗，是预防LASIK术后孔源性视网膜脱离及保障LASIK手术成功的重要方法。     

LASIK术前眼底周边视网膜病变检查及处理的价值

目的观察准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前对视网膜变性或伴裂孔等进行预防性治疗的价值。方法对LASIK术前1260只眼扩瞳后行眼底检查并作详细记录,对明显视网膜变性或伴裂孔15只眼进行视网膜光凝治疗。结果15只眼光凝3～4周,行LASIK手术,术后随访6个月,无1例发生视网膜脱离。结论对拟行LASIK手术的患者进行详细眼底检查,并对周边视网膜变性严重和视网膜裂孔者实施预防性光凝治疗可大大降低术后视网膜脱离的发生率。     

LASIK术后视网膜脱离

目的 :探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LaserinsituKeratomileusis ,LASIK )后视网膜脱离的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 :对我院 1996年 7月至 1998年 10月的 2 836例 (5 60 9只眼 )LASIK手术后发生视网膜脱离的 6例 (6只眼 ) (A组 )和1998年 11月至 2 0 0 0年 12月行LASIK手术 2 160例 (4165只眼 )无视网膜脱离发生 (B组 )进行回顾性分析。结果 :A组 6只眼LASIK术前平均屈光度为 -8 375± 2 761D (-5 2 5～ -12 2 5D)视网膜脱离发生在LASIK术后平均 12±6 2 3个月 (3～ 2 0个月 ) ;5只眼进行巩膜环扎加外加压术 ,1只眼进行了玻璃体切除、 18%C2 F6 气体填充联合巩膜环扎术 ,6眼均一次手术成功 ,视网膜复位。LASIK术后、视网膜脱离前平均最佳矫正视力为 0 97± 0 2 3(0 6～ 1 2 ) ,脱离经治疗后平均最佳矫正视力为 0 5 8± 0 31(0 1～ 1 0 ) ,LASIK术后视网膜脱离前平均屈光度为 -0 875± 0 48D (-0 2 5～ -1 5 0D) ,治疗后为 -3 0 4± 0 62D (-2 0 0～ -3 75D)。结论 :LASIK术后视网膜脱离与近视眼本身易发生视网膜脱离有关 ,与LASIK手术无直接关系 ,常规巩膜环扎术及玻璃体切割术能有效治疗LASIK术后视网膜脱离但能增加近视度数 ,所以行LASIK手术前应使用间接眼底镜及三面镜详细检查眼底     

非外伤性巨大视网膜裂孔对侧眼临床观察

目的探讨非外伤性巨大视网膜裂孔对侧眼视网膜裂孔及视网膜脱离的发病因素，预防对侧眼发生巨大视网膜裂孔，提高对于对侧眼患病的认识。方法随访36例非外伤性巨大视网膜裂孔对侧眼，散瞳后用双目间接眼底镜及三面镜详查其眼底，观察并记录视网膜裂孔及周边视网膜变性，对于对侧眼不伴有视网膜脱离的视网膜裂孔行光凝或透过结膜的巩膜外冷凝术，对伴有视网膜脱离的视网膜裂孔行巩膜扣带术，对巨大视网膜裂孔行玻璃体视网膜手术。结果随访13～88个月(平均36．5个月)，对侧眼视网膜裂孔及视网膜脱离发生率为36．1％(13眼)，其中4眼(11．1％)发生了巨大视网膜裂孔。对侧眼平均屈光度为-7．00D( 1．50～-18．00D)，其中高度近视眼占57．6％(19眼)。周边视网膜变性发生率为72．2％(26眼)，其中12眼(33．3％)有格子样变性，9眼(25．0％)有不压变白。结论非外伤性巨大视网膜裂孔对侧眼是视网膜裂孔及视网膜脱离的高发眼。高度近视、格子样变性、不压变白是发生视网膜裂孔及视网膜脱离的高危因素。     

透明晶体切除并低度数后房型人工晶体植入矫正高度近视的4年随访报告

高度近视30例52眼，双眼22例，单眼8例；患者平均年龄36．2岁（22～51岁）。术前术眼近视屈光度＞12D，最佳矫正视力0．2或0．2以上，不能耐受戴角膜接触镜。既往无视网膜脱离、青光眼和眼部手术史。凡有视网膜格子样变性、视网膜裂孔者，术前用氩激光光凝。手术方式为经平坦部作3．2mm的切口用超声乳化行晶体摘除，然后扩大切口至6．5mm，植入人工晶体。术后4年随访。结果：28例（49只眼）随访4年，2例失访。4年中，有1眼发生视网膜脱离（占1．9％），患者为一30岁妇女，术前近视一20D，眼轴长31mm，术后18个月时发生视网膜脱离；经3次手…     

90D前置镜在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术术前眼底检查中的应用

目的探讨使用90D前置镜进行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前检查的意义。方法对准备施行LASIK术前检查的患者充分扩瞳后,分别使用90D前置镜和双目间接眼底镜检查眼底,详细记录检查结果。对比检查结果。结果 276眼（138例）中,90D前置镜组发现视网膜干性裂孔12眼4.35%,视网膜裂孔伴有浅脱离3眼1.09%,格子样变性23眼8.33%;双目间接检眼镜组发现视网膜干性裂孔11眼3.99%,视网膜裂孔伴有浅脱离2眼0.72%,格子样变性23眼8.33%,对两种检查法的视网膜裂孔发现率采用x~2检验分析,P〉0.05。1眼视网膜裂孔浅脱离行巩膜外冷凝＋外填压术。其余病例均行氩离子激光光凝术封闭裂孔。结论使用90D前置镜进行LASIK术前眼底检查检出率高,且安全无创伤,方便和快速。     

Retinal detachment following laser in situ keratomileusis

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical characteristics, surgical management and outcome of retinal detachment following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in myopic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 10 eyes of 10 myopic patients with retinal detachment who had previously undergone LASIK surgery were analyzed. Included in the study were 7 males and 3 females, aged 22 to 68 years (35.2+/-2.8). RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction was -10.51+/-3.90 D (ranging from -6.37 D to -17.00 D) before surgery. The time interval between the LASIK procedure and the development of retinal detachment varied from two months to nine months (5.2 +/- 2.78 months). The number of retinal breaks was one in 7 patients, two in 2 patients and three in 1 patient. The type of retinal breaks included 7 patients with horse shoe tears, 1 patient with a retinal hole, 1 patient with a giant retinal tear, and 1 patient with retinal dialysis. Retinal breaks were located anterior to the equator in 9 patients and posterior to the equator in 1 patient. Retinal reattachment was achieved with one operation in 8 eyes (80%) and the remaining 2 eyes required a second surgery for the reattachment of the retina. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the possible association between retinal detachment and LASIK procedure in patients with myopia. Clinicians should be aware of retinal pathology predisposing to retinal detachment in patients undergoing LASIK.     

Prophylactic laser photocoagulation for retinal breaks before laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic laser photocoagulation for retinal breaks in myopic patients undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Between August 1998 and August 2002, a total of 1931 eyes in 1006 patients requesting LASIK received a fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy before surgery. For analysis, patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of retinal breaks. All patients with retinal breaks underwent prophylactic laser photocoagulation to seal the breaks, even though they were asymptomatic. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 18 to 68 years (30.8 +/- 7.4 yr). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -7.55 +/- 3.72 D (range -1.87 to -34.50 D). Retinal breaks were identified and treated in 39 eyes (2.02%) of 32 patients (3.2%); 1892 eyes of 974 patients had no retinal breaks. No statistically significant difference was found in age (P=.87) or gender (P=.91) between the two groups. However, a significantly higher preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was noted in patients with retinal breaks (-9.41 +/- 4.15 D) compared with those without (-7.52 +/- 3.71 D) (P=.017). During a mean 19-month follow-up, none of the patients developed retinal detachment except for one in a patient without retinal breaks who sustained ocular trauma 19 months after LASIK. This patient was treated with scleral buckle and the retina was attached after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal breaks were identified and treated by photocoagulation in 2% of 1931 eyes before LASIK for myopia.     

Retinal detachment in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To report the characteristics and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Clinical charts of patients that developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK were reviewed. Surgery to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed in 31 eyes (mean follow-up of 14 months after vitreoretinal surgery). RESULTS: A total of 38,823 eyes underwent surgical correction of myopia from -0.75 to -29.00 D (mean -6.00 D). Thirty-three eyes (27 patients; frequency .08%) developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK; detachments occurred between 12 days and 60 months (mean 16.3 mo) after LASIK. Eyes that developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment had a mean -8.75 D before LASIK. Most rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and retinal breaks occurred in the temporal quadrants (71.1%). Final best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/40 or better was obtained in 38.7% of the 31 eyes (two patients refused surgery). Poor final visual acuity (20/200 or worse) occurred in 22.6% of eyes. Information regarding visual acuity after LASIK and before the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was available in 24 eyes; 45.8% (11/24 eyes) lost two or more lines of visual acuity after vitreo-retinal surgery. Reasons for poor visual acuity included the development of proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (n=5), epiretinal membrane (n=1), chronicity of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=1), new breaks (n=1), displaced corneal flap (n=1), and cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK for myopia is a serious complication. Final visual acuity may be limited by myopic degeneration, amblyopia, or delayed surgical repair.     

LASIK术前视网膜裂孔的预防性光凝治疗

目的评估近视眼准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)前预防性激光光凝治疗视网膜裂孔的有效性和安全性.方法2000-04/2004-04,共对1 233例近视患者1 845眼在LASIK术前用间接眼底镜行全面的眼底检查.根据是否存在视网膜裂孔分为组Ⅰ(有裂孔者)和组Ⅱ(无裂孔者),并于LASIK术前对所有有裂孔眼包括无症状者进行预防性的激光光凝术处理.结果本组患者年龄为18～43(25.3±5.7)岁,平均术前等量球镜近视(PSER)度数为(-7.44±2.13)D(-1.50～-14.50)D.组Ⅰ 32例37眼(2.05%)确诊有视网膜变性裂孔并进行了光凝治疗;组Ⅱ1 201例1 808眼没有发现视网膜裂孔.两组患者在年龄和性别上没有统计学差异(P＞0.05);组Ⅰ的平均PSER为(-9.41±4.15)D,组Ⅱ为(-7.52±3.71)D,两组间平均PSER统计学处理有显著性差异(P＜0.05).术后平均随诊14mo,没有出现视网膜脱离病例.结论预防性激光光凝手术治疗干性视网膜裂孔是有效和安全的;近视眼LASIK手术前应进行全面的视网膜检查并对裂孔行视网膜光凝治疗.     

Retinal complications after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the retinal complications that may occur after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). RECENT FINDINGS: During the review period (1 year), several nonrandomized retrospective studies and case reports/series were published. One study was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic laser photocoagulation for retinal breaks in patients with myopia undergoing LASIK. Retinal breaks were identified and treated in 39 eyes (2%). None of the patients developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (except one trauma case). Another group studied retinal disease observed in 9239 consecutive eyes after refractive surgery (including LASIK) and found RRD in 11 eyes (0.36%) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 10 eyes (0.33%). Three reports described a total of 16 patients with a previously placed encircling scleral buckle for a RRD who had LASIK to correct myopia. In all patients, the visual acuity (VA) improved. Another study reported the characteristics and surgical outcomes of RRD in myopic eyes after LASIK (33 eyes of 27 patients; frequency 0.08% [33/38, 823]). They found that 45.8% lost two or more lines of VA after vitreoretinal surgery. Two letters described the characteristics and potential mechanisms of a macular lacquer crack (one with subsequent development of subfoveal CNV) in a myopic patients corrected by LASIK. SUMMARY: Serious complications after LASIK are infrequent. A dilated fundus examination is very important before LASIK and in every patient whose VA after LASIK is not as good as expected to avoid delayed referral to a vitreoretinal specialist if necessary. Only prospective studies can determine whether the procedure exacerbates myopic pathology.     

LASIK after retinal detachment surgery

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of myopic refractive errors in eyes which have previously undergone retinal detachment surgery. METHODS: In a prospective, non-comparative case series, 10 eyes of nine patients who had a myopic refractive error and had previously undergone retinal detachment surgery underwent LASIK surgery according to the standard surgical protocol. The surgery could be completed in eight eyes and in two eyes it was aborted intraoperatively. The parameters evaluated included the uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, refraction, detailed fundus evaluation with indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and corneal pachymetry. Any intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Follow up visits were scheduled at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after LASIK. RESULTS: Eight eyes underwent successful LASIK surgery. The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -5.436 (SD 1.6) dioptres (D), which was reduced to +0.42 (0.65) D, -0.07 (1.32) D, -0.06 (1.39) D, and -0.06 (0.65) at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months respectively after LASIK. The uncorrected visual acuity improved in all the eyes and the best corrected visual acuity improved or remained same in all the eyes. There was no retinal complication after LASIK. CONCLUSION: LASIK may be used to correct refractive errors in eyes that have undergone retinal detachment surgery. However, scarred conjunctiva in such cases may prevent generation of optimal suction for the microkeratome.     

LASIK术后视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的: 探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术( LASIK) 后视网膜脱离的临床特点及其手术治疗效果。方法: 回顾性分析我院行 LASIK手术的 18 342 眼 (9598 例)中发生视网膜脱离的患者的临床资料。所有近视患者在 LASIK手术前均无角膜病等疾患, 术前进行详细的眼底检查。术后平均随诊 20mo, 对 LASIK术后发生的视网膜脱离的临床特点及治疗进行考察。结果: 一共有 6 例患者( 6 眼) 发生了视网膜脱离, 包括 2男 4 女, LASIK术后的视网膜脱离发生率为 0.33‰。这些患者在 LASIK手术前的平均近视度数为 - 9.33D, 6 眼都没有进行手术前预防性光凝治疗。脱离发生与 LASIK手术的平均间隔时间为 9.2mo, 所有视网膜脱离发生没有其他诱因。治疗采用玻璃体切割术联合其他视网膜复位手术方法, 复位手术后平均随诊 9.3mo, 6 例视网膜脱离均一次复位成功(100%)。结论: LASIK术后的视网膜脱离发生率不高。近视眼中视网膜脱离的发生与其行 LASIK手术间没有确定的相关关系, 但医生仍应警惕 LASIK术前可能引起脱离的视网膜病变并予以处理。     

LASIK术前无症状视网膜病变特征分析与氩激光疗效评价

目的:分析LASIK术前检查发现的近视患者无症状视网膜病变的特征,评价眼底氩激光光凝治疗的疗效与安全性。方法:对LASIK术前检查发现视网膜病变的近视患者127例(135眼)扩瞳,应用三面镜进行眼底检查,详细记录视网膜病变的类型、部位。根据患者等效球镜度数分为低度组(≤3.00D),中度组(-3.00~-6.00D)和高度组(≥-6.00D);依据周边部视网膜病变特点分为单纯变性、变性合并干性裂孔,以及裂孔合并视网膜局限性浅层脱离3组。比较各组间视网膜病变分布情况,分析视网膜裂孔的特点。数据应用SPSS12.0进行χ2检验。氩激光光凝(100~400mW,0.03~0.1s,200~500μm),术后随访3mo~1a,定期检查视网膜情况,记录。结果:视网膜病变及视网膜裂孔的发生率均随屈光度增加而提高,组间有显著性差异(P<0.05),颞侧病变比例高于鼻侧。视网膜裂孔中圆形萎缩孔占81.1%,单一裂孔占54.4%,裂孔位置以正上方和颞上方最多。眼底氩激光治疗术后病情稳定,未发生视网膜脱离。结论:近视患者无症状视网膜裂孔中圆形变性萎缩孔最常见,其发生率随着屈光度的增加而明显上升。氩激光对干性视网膜裂孔和局限性孔源性视网膜脱离疗效较好。     

Retinal peripheral changes after laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with high myopia

BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment has been reported after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in myopic eyes. This complication may be related to the risk from myopia before surgery or may be induced by LASIK surgery itself. We performed a study to evaluate retinal peripheral changes after LASIK in patients with high myopia and to correlate symptoms on presentation and vitreoretinal anatomic changes. METHODS: The study was carried out at a university-affiliated hospital in S?o Paulo between November 1997 and February 1999. Patients scheduled to undergo LASIK were included if their spherical equivalent was greater than 6.00 dioptres. The exclusion criteria were previous retinal treatment and myopic macular degenerations. We performed binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral indentation and fundus biomicroscopy with Goldmann lens before LASIK and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: We examined 198 eyes preoperatively. Of the 198, 50 did not undergo LASIK surgery owing to refractive criteria, and 79 were lost to follow-up. We thus studied 69 eyes. The mean spherical equivalent preoperatively was -8.00 D (standard deviation 1.95 D). Twenty-four eyes had normal retinal periphery preoperatively; all 24 remained without alterations after LASIK. Forty-five eyes had peripheral alterations: 17 (24.6%) had cystic degeneration, 14 (20.3%) had lattice degeneration, 11 (15.9%) had white-without-pressure, 5 (7.2%) had cystic tufts, 3 (4.3%) had pavingstone degeneration, 2 (2.9%) had pigmentary alteration, 1 (1.4%) had holes with free operculum, and 1 (1.4%) had punctiform holes. The only alteration after surgery was almost punctiform holes around the previous cystic tuft 1 month after surgery in one patient. Retinal detachment did not develop in any of the eyes. INTERPRETATION: In this group of patients it appears that LASIK did not lead to progressive peripheral retinal lesions in asymptomatic patients during the period studied.