吡那地尔对豚鼠哮喘模型气道反应性及其结构的影响

本研究观察了吡那地尔对豚鼠哮喘模型气道反应性及其结构的影响，现报告如下。     

吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗早期糖代谢异常临床研究

目的　观察吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗早期糖代谢异常的疗效。方法　于 2 0 0 3- 0 1～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 2对浙江省台州市中心医院 2 2例年龄在 31～ 5 8岁的初诊糖代谢异常 (6 1mmol/L 相似文献   

豚鼠中性粒细胞性哮喘模型的建立

目的建立豚鼠中性粒细胞性哮喘模型。方法 40只成年雄性豚鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组（A组）、嗜酸粒细胞性哮喘组（B组）、中性粒细胞性哮喘组（C组）、嗜酸粒细胞性哮喘治疗组（D组）和中性粒细胞性哮喘治疗组（E组）。用卵白蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）和弗氏完全佐剂（Freund’s complete adjuvant,FCA）联合致敏或OVA单独致敏豚鼠后用OVA雾化吸入激发建立中性粒细胞性哮喘或嗜酸粒细胞性哮喘模型,治疗组在激发前腹腔注射地塞米松。观察各组豚鼠雾化激发后体征变化及支气管肺组织病理改变,并比较各组豚鼠气道阻力、血中白细胞分类计数、支气管肺泡灌洗液（brochial alveolar lavage fiuid,BALF）细胞总数及分类计数。结果 B、C组豚鼠激发后均出现典型哮喘症状,不同浓度乙酰甲胆碱激发后的气道阻力与A组相比均显著增高（P〈0.05）;B组豚鼠BALF总数、BALF及血中嗜酸粒细胞所占比例与A组比较显著增加（P〈0.05）;C组豚鼠BALF总数、BALF及血中中性粒细胞所占比例与A组比较均显著增加（P〈0.05）;C组豚鼠BALF中性粒细胞所占比例与B组相比显著增加（P〈0.05）;除B、D组血中性粒细胞外,D和E两组的上述其他各项指标分别与B组和C组相比明显降低（P〈0.05）,以上差异均有统计学意义。B、C两组豚鼠支气管肺组织病理均提示支气管管腔狭窄、黏膜上皮脱落、炎症细胞浸润等典型的哮喘病理学改变,其中B组以嗜酸粒细胞浸润为主,C组以中性粒细胞浸润为主,D、E组较之明显好转。结论本实验建立的豚鼠中性粒细胞性哮喘模型是成功的。     

哮喘豚鼠模型细支气管和肺组织的病理学研究

目的深化对哮喘小气道及肺组织病理改变的认识。方法以卵蛋白致敏法制备哮喘豚鼠模型,共设6组对照组、哮喘1日组、哮喘4日组、哮喘14日组、氟美松组及布地奈德组。观察和比较6组豚鼠大、小气道及肺泡区病理学改变及炎性细胞浸润情况。行支气管肺泡灌洗,并行细胞计数及分类。电镜观察肺泡细胞的形态。测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总磷脂的含量。结果各哮喘模型组豚鼠支气管黏膜上皮、基底膜、平滑肌增厚,肺泡隔较对照组显著增宽(P<0.001),肺泡腔变小;大、小气道及肺泡区有大量嗜酸粒细胞及淋巴细胞浸润;BALF中细胞总数较对照组显著增多(P<0.01),早期以中性粒细胞为主,晚期则以嗜酸粒细胞和淋巴细胞为主;电镜示肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞肿胀、板层体排空及部分脱落;BALF中总磷脂含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。氟美松组及布地奈德组以上改变显著减轻,接近对照组。结论支气管哮喘时细支气管和肺组织也广泛存在着以嗜酸粒细胞为主的炎症;肺泡细胞在形态学改变的同时,也发生着功能的改变。     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗糖耐量受损疗效观察

将糖耐量受损（IGT）患者分成两组,分别给予吡格列酮（对照组）和吡格列酮＋二甲双胍（观察组）治疗3个月后,观察两组血糖、胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）的变化情况。结果两组血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均显著降低,观察组上述指标改善程度明显优于对照组。认为吡格列酮能改善IGT和胰岛素抵抗,同时服用二甲双胍则效果更佳。     

二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗中老年2型糖尿病的效果分析

目的 探讨二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗中老年2型糖尿病的疗效.方法 选取该院从2011年1月-2013年12月所收治的30例中老年T2DM患者作为临床研究对象,将所有患者随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,对照组患者采用二甲双胍进行治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用吡格列酮进行治疗,观察两组患者疗效和不良反应发生情况.结果 两组治疗前在FBG、PBG和HbAIC三项指标的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).而经过6个月的治疗后,两组三项指标值均有所改善,且治疗组改善的幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组的总有效率为93.3％,高于对照组的66.7％.两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者均无严重不良反应,治疗组有1例感觉胃部不适;对照组有1例感觉胃部不适,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 二甲双胍联合吡格列酮对中老年型糖尿病患者进行治疗,有利于2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,同时经济方便,值得在今后临床工作中推广应用.     

二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗中老年2型糖尿病的效果分析

目的探讨二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗中老年2型糖尿病的疗效。方法选取该院从2011年1月—2013年12月所收治的30例中老年T2DM患者作为临床研究对象,将所有患者随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,对照组患者采用二甲双胍进行治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用吡格列酮进行治疗,观察两组患者疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果两组治疗前在FBG、PBG和HbAIC三项指标的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。而经过6个月的治疗后,两组三项指标值均有所改善,且治疗组改善的幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组的总有效率为93.3%,高于对照组的66.7%。两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者均无严重不良反应,治疗组有1例感觉胃部不适;对照组有1例感觉胃部不适,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论二甲双胍联合吡格列酮对中老年型糖尿病患者进行治疗,有利于2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,同时经济方便,值得在今后临床工作中推广应用。     

吡格列酮与二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的疗效对比观察

目的观察吡格列酮与二甲双胍分别治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法将96例首次就诊诊断为2型糖尿病的患者半随机分为对照组和治疗组,各48例。对照组采用二甲双胍治疗,治疗组采用吡格列酮治疗。治疗1个月后,对两组的临床疗效、血糖水平改善情况及不良反应进行对比观察。结果对照组总有效率为87.5%（42/48）,治疗组总有效率为89.6%（43/48）,两组治疗效果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗组空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖水平改善幅度略大于对照组（P〉0.05）;对照组不良反应的发生率大于治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论二甲双胍、吡格列酮均能有效控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖值。     

二甲双胍对脂多糖诱导的THP-1细胞相关炎症因子及凋亡的影响

目的 通过观察二甲双胍对脂多糖诱导的人单核细胞(THP-1)相关炎症因子分泌及凋亡影响的剂量效应关系,探讨二甲双胍的直接抗炎作用.方法 体外培养人THP-1细胞,以1μg/ml脂多糖和不同浓度二甲双胍分别孵育6、24和48 h,收集细胞及培养液上清进行检测.应用乳酸脱氢酶微量释放法检测不同浓度二甲双胍对THP-1细胞的毒性作用,酶联免疫吸附法检测上清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,流式细胞仪Annexin V/碘化丙啶双染色法测定THP-1细胞早期凋亡率.结果 二甲双胍可剂量依赖性地降低上清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平,且48 h作用最为显著.1和5 mmol/L二甲双胍显著降低脂多糖刺激的IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的分泌(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).并且二甲双胍可剂量依赖性地减少THP-1细胞早期凋亡数目(F=4.696,P=0.036);1、5 mmol/L二甲双胍组细胞早期凋亡率明显低于脂多糖组(37.47％、33.35％对49.90％,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 二甲双胍可剂量依赖地降低脂多糖诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子分泌及早期凋亡率,提示其有一定的直接抗炎作用.     

二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效观察

目的 分析二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法 2020年1月—2022年10月期间于选取无锡市惠山区第二人民医院治疗的67例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为两组,对照组（n=33）接受盐酸二甲双胍片治疗,观察组（n=34）接受盐酸二甲双胍片联合盐酸吡格列酮片治疗,对比两组患者临床治疗效果。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗前的空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose, FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hour postprandial blood glucose, 2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c）、三酰甘油（triacylglycerol, TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）水平对比,差异无统计学意义（P>...     

转录因子NF—ｋB在哮喘豚鼠肺组织和血液单个核细胞中 …

目的　探讨转录因子NF κB在哮喘发病机制中的可能作用。方法　将豚鼠随机分为对照组 8只 ,实验组 2 4只 (2、6、12h时间点各 8只 ) ,地塞米松处理组 8只 ,在血液中单个核细胞和肺组织的细胞核提取物中 ,应用电泳迁移率实验和超迁移率实验检测NF κB的激活水平和组成NF κB的亚单位。结果　在卵蛋白致敏的豚鼠 ,诱喘后 2h ,血中单个核细胞NF κB的活性 (2 44 1± 2 4)与对照组 (16 7 0± 4 6 )比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;6h达到最高水平 (2 94 7± 3 2 )。进一步利用超迁移率实验证实 ,p5 0和p6 5抗体均参与NF κB的组成。在肺组织 ,诱喘后 2hNF κB的活性为 (176 0±4 0 ) ,与对照组 (6 7 3± 2 5 )比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;6h达到最高水平 (2 82 3± 6 8)。进一步利用超迁移率实验证实p5 0抗体参与。地塞米松干预后NF κB活性 (2 35 4± 3 3;10 4 6± 8 4)与实验组对照组 (2 94 7± 3 2 ;2 82 3± 6 8)比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　NF κB参与了哮喘的发病过程 ,NF κB的激活和持续的高水平表达提示 ,NF κB可能通过调节参与哮喘发病机制中的重要炎症因子的表达 ,从而使淋巴细胞的激活增生 ,炎症细胞迁移到肺脏炎症部位的过程中起着关键作用。地塞米松抑制NF     

运动性哮喘与中性粒细胞及白细胞介素-8关系的研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和运动性哮喘（EIA）的关系。方法 2001-05-15—2005-12-19分别测定广东省佛山市第一人民医院呼吸内科EIA患者、非EIA患者和正常对照者运动前后周围血中性粒细胞超氧阴离子以及血浆和诱导痰中的IL一8，并进行比较分析。结果 运动前：EIA组与非EIA组中性粒细胞超氧阴离子略高于对照组，但差异无显著性，血浆及诱导痰中IL-8和MDA均高于对照组，其两组本身差异无显著性意义，但分别与对照组比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）？运动后：（1）周围血中性粒细胞超氧阴离子水平EIA组与非EIA组较运动前均有明显提高，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．01），正常对照组无明显变化。（2）血浆及诱导痰中IL-8、MDA水平EIA组、非EIA组和正常对照组均高于运动前，EIA组、非EIA组各自与运动前比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01），正常对照组与运动前比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论 中性粒细胞产生的氧自由基与白细胞介素-8在运动性哮喘的发生中起重要作用。     

内毒素诱导致敏小鼠建立支气管哮喘动物模型的实验研究

目的 评价用内毒素(LPS)诱导卵清白蛋白(OVA)激发、OVA致敏的小鼠,建立支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)模型的方法.方法 采用随机数字表法将120只BALB/c小鼠分为PBS对照组(A组,PBS致敏PBS激发)、OVA组(B组,OVA敛敏OVA激发)、LPS/LPS小剂量组(C1组,50 μg内毒素致敏50 μg内毒素激发)、LPS/LPS大剂量组(C2组,100μg内毒素敛敏100 μg内毒素激发)、OVA/LPS小剂量组(D1组,OVA致敏、OVA雾化吸入激发结合50 μg内毒素滴鼻诱导)、OVA/LPS大剂量组(D2组,OVA致敏、OVA雾化吸入激发结合100 μg内毒素滴鼻诱导).观察小鼠哮喘急性发作症状,检测BALF细胞分类计数,测定乙酰胆碱激发条件下气道反应性(以肺阻力R_L表示);HE染色观察肺组织病理变化.结果 (1)D1组与D2组小鼠喘息症状加重其中D2组更严重.(2)D1组与D2组BALF中细胞总数、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞均明显高于A组(均P<0.05).D1组的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞均明最高于B组(均P<0.01),D2组的白细胞总数、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞均明显高于B组(均P<0.05).(3)以5 g/L乙酰胆碱激发时,D1组RL[(9.32 4±1.51)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa)]和D2组R_L[(44.21±2.88)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)]明显高于A组RL[(2.41±0.35)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)]和B组R_L[(5.96±1.83)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)],均P<0.01.(4)D1组与D2组呈现较为严重的支气管哮喘病变,其中D2组病变程度明显加重.结论 用内毒素诱导OVA致敏小鼠建立支气管哮喘模型的方法可产牛更严重支气管炎症改变以及明显的气道高反应性.     

抗原致哮喘豚鼠气道渗出及BRL55834的作用

探讨钾通道激动剂在抗哮喘中的意义。方法 １０只正常豚鼠和１７只致敏豚鼠分５组。麻醉后行右颈动，静脉和气道插管，机械通气。静脉注射阿托品和心得安各１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，４３０分钟后静脉注射二甲亚砜或钾通道激动剂ＢＲＬ５５８３４，２分钟后静脉注射伊氏蓝３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１分钟后雾化吸入卵蛋白３０秒。     

Clinical and angiographic significance of exercise induced ST-segment elevation in patients without previous myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTIONExercisetesthasbeenwidelyusedfordiagnosticandprognosticpurposesinpatientswithsuspectedorknowncoronaryarterydisease．Inpatientswithprevi－ousmyocardialinfarction（MI），exercise－inducedST－segmentelevation（STE）hasbeenconsideredasamarkeroflef     

Clinical and inflammatory features of asthma with dissociation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide and eosinophils in induced sputum

Background: Measurement of the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and eosinophils in induced sputum are noninvasive markers for assessing airway inflammation in asthma. The clinical usefulness of the correlation between raised FeNO and sputum eosinophilia is controversial. We aimed to examine dissociation between FeNO and sputum eosinophils in a clinical series of asthma patients and to determine whether dissociation between these noninvasive markers was associated with clinical and inflammatory differences in these patients. Methods and findings: A total of 110 patients with asthma were included in a cross-sectional study. All of them were on maintenance treatment for asthma. All patients underwent the following on the same day: FeNO, induced sputum, spirometry, serum total IgE levels and skin prick test. The level of asthma control was determined by the Asthma control Test Questionnaire. In 46 (41.8%) patients, a discrepancy between FeNO and sputum eosinophil count was observed, of those, 34 (73.9%) had a FeNO <50?ppb and high eosinophil count, and were characterized by having a predominance of nonallergic asthma with bronchial eosinophilic inflammatory phenotype. Also, 12 (26.1%) patients had FeNO ≥50?ppb and sputum eosinophilia within the normal reference values, and were characterized by having a predominance of atopy with a paucigranulocytic inflammatory phenotype. Conclusions: A high percentage of patients with dissociation between results of FeNO and sputum eosinophils was observed. These patients showed differential clinical and inflammatory features.     

Six-minute walk test and respiratory muscle strength in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate respiratory muscle strength and six-minute walk test (6MWT) variables in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma (UCSA).

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study involving UCSA patients followed at a university hospital. The patients underwent 6MWT, spirometry, and measurements of respiratory muscle strength, as well as completing the Asthma Control Test (ACT). The Mann-Whitney test was used in order to analyze 6MWT variables, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine whether there was an association between the use of oral corticosteroids and respiratory muscle strength.

RESULTS:

We included 25 patients. Mean FEV₁ was 58.8 ± 21.8% of predicted, and mean ACT score was 14.0 ± 3.9 points. No significant difference was found between the median six-minute walk distance recorded for the UCSA patients and that predicted for healthy Brazilians (512 m and 534 m, respectively; p = 0.14). During the 6MWT, there was no significant drop in SpO₂. Mean MIP and MEP were normal (72.9 ± 15.2% and 67.6 ± 22.2%, respectively). Comparing the patients treated with at least four courses of oral corticosteroids per year and those treated with three or fewer, we found no significant differences in MIP (p = 0.15) or MEP (p = 0.45).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that UCSA patients are similar to normal subjects in terms of 6MWT variables and respiratory muscle strength. The use of oral corticosteroids has no apparent impact on respiratory muscle strength.     

Relationship between exercise induced elevation of left ventricular filling pressure and exercise intolerance in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Elevated left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) is an important cause of exercise intolerance in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Exercise stress echocardiography could assess LVFP during exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exercise induced elevation of LVFP and exercise capacity in patients with AF. Methods This study included 145 consecutive patients (81 men and 64 women; mean age 65.5 ± 8.0 years) with persistent non-valvular AF and normal left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50%). All patients underwent a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Doppler echocardiography was performed both at rest and immediately after exercise. Five consecutive measurements of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e’) were taken and averaged. E/e’ ratio was calculated. Elevated LVFP was defined as E/e’ > 9, and patients with elevated LVFP at rest were excluded. Results Patients were classified into two groups according to LVFP estimated by E/e’ ratio after exercise: 39 (26.9%) with elevated LVFP after exercise and 106 (73.1%) with normal LVFP. As compared with patients with normal LVFP, the ones with elevated LVFP after exercise had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) (21.7 ± 2.3 vs. 26.4 ± 3.8 mL/min per kilogram, P < 0.001), lower anaerobic thresbold (19.9 ± 2.5 vs. 26.0 ± 4.0 mL/min per kilogram, P < 0.001), and shorter exercise time duration (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 7.0 ± 1.3 min, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, gender and E/e’ after exercise were significantly correlated with VO₂ peak. Conclusion Elevated LVFP estimated by E/e’ ratio after exercise is independ?ently associated with reduced exercise capacity in AF patients.