32例重症肌无力伴胸腺瘤患者手术治疗疗效评价

背景与目的:重症肌无力是一种自身免疫性疾病,主要累及神经肌肉接头,约1/4的患者同时伴有胸腺瘤的发生,手术治疗无论对于重症肌无力或胸腺瘤这两种独立疾病都是十分有效的手段.为研究同时伴胸腺瘤的重症肌无力患者在手术治疗后的转归,我们回顾性分析我院手术治疗的伴胸腺瘤重症肌无力患者的临床资料和随访结果.方法:收集2001年1月至2006年12月手术治疗的32例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者的临床资料并进行随访,观察胸腺瘤复发情况和重症肌无力术后转归,并对患者年龄、性别、病理类型和重症肌无力严重程度等因素进行分析.结果:围术期死亡1例,随访期内胸腺瘤复发1例,30例患者在随访期内(14～61个月)没有出现肿瘤复发;术后7例患者重症肌无力达到完全缓解,13例达到部分缓解,9例维持稳定,2例病情加重,总有效率为64.5%.具有不同年龄、性别、病理类型和重症肌无力严重程度等因素的患者之间,有效率的差异均无显著性(P＜0.05).结论:胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者手术治疗应当尽可能完整切除肿瘤、胸腺组织及周围脂肪组织,术后对侵袭性肿瘤患者进行放疗,对肿瘤复发患者可以实行再次手术切除,术后重症肌无力可以得到不同程度的缓解.     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的外科治疗

目的 探讨胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力(MG)的手术疗效。方法 观察分析近10年50例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力手术患者病理分型、分期及重症肌无力临床分型的关系，手术方式和围手术期处理方法。结果 完整切除肿瘤38例，肿瘤大部分切除10例，仅作活检者2例。术后发生肌无力危象12例(24.0％)。胸腺瘤合并MG以上皮细胞型为主，Osserman分型以ⅡbⅢ型为主，肌无力危象发生率较高；其次为上皮淋巴细胞型，症状相对比上皮细胞型轻，多以I型、Ⅱb型为主，亦有肌无力危象发生。术后MG症状缓解42例(84.0％)。结论 手术是治疗胸腺肿瘤合并MG的主要方法，手术切除效果及预后与肿瘤的临床分期、手术切除范围、病理类型、病理分期等因素有关，围手术期处理是否恰当直接影响手术的安全。     

胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力胸腺切除后的免疫抑制治疗

胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力病人,行胸腺切除术后,肌无力症状可能加重。本组总结近五年的来,对胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力病人行胸腺切除术后,肌无力症状无改善或加重者,应用免疫抑制剂治疗,取得了较为满意的效果,现报告如下。临床资料一、本科近五年来收治胸腺瘤病人16例,男9例,女7例;年龄28～56岁,平均36.7岁。行胸腺切除14例,因肿瘤巨大,部分切除2例。其中伴重症肌无力症状者6例:男2例,女4例,占同期手术病人的37.5%,均行胸腺切除术。按ｏｓｓｅｒｍａｎ分型:该6例病人皆为成人型,其中二型即轻度全身无力型3例,三型即急性进展型3例。术后出现肌无力症状加…     

胸腺瘤外科治疗38例分析

本文分析手术治疗胸腺瘤３８例，其中良性２５例、恶性１３例，合并重症肌无力１１例。术后并发重症肌无力危象６例。结果表明：单纯良性胸腺瘤手术效果好，恶性者手术切除率低，单纯手术疗效差，但术后加放射治疗效果较满意。肿瘤及胸腺的广泛切除对重症肌无力效果不肯定，术后易并发重症肌无力危象。本文还探讨了短期应用较大剂量糖皮质激素在预防和治疗重症肌无力危象中的重要作用。     

重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的手术治疗

目的总结重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的围手术期处理方法及手术治疗效果。方法分析1994年9月~2004年1月接受手术治疗的42例重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤患者的临床资料。按改良Osserman标准分为Ⅰ型11例、Ⅱa型9例、Ⅱb型19例、Ⅲ型3例。随访结果按完全缓解、部分缓解、无效进行评价。结果42例无手术死亡,4例术后早期发生MG危象,经气管切开、辅助呼吸等抢救治疗痊愈。随访40例,手术后重症肌无力症状完全缓解18例,部分缓解率20例,无效2例。1例术后1年死于肿瘤复发并肺转移。结论完善围术期管理,减少MG危象的发生,手术治疗重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤可获得良好的疗效。     

胸腺瘤168例临床资料分析

目的 探讨胸腺瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法 回顾性分析本院收治的168例胸腺瘤并结合文献对其诊治进行讨论。结果 肿瘤完整切除126例，姑息切除29例，探查活检13例。术后并发肌无力危象7例，其中2例死亡。本组5年生存率为69．1％。结论 恶性胸腺瘤诊断后应尽早手术治疗；预后取决于肿瘤是否外侵及手术的彻底性，术后放疗、化疗有助于改善预后；手术治疗原则是即使不能完整切除也应尽可能多地切除肿瘤，复发的胸腺瘤仍有手术指征。     

合并重症肌无力的胸腺肿瘤26例病理分析

目的：分析合并重症肌无力的胸腺肿瘤病理类型及手术后重症肌无力(MG)的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析1994—2001年手术治疗的合并MG的胸腺肿瘤26例的临床资料。结果：胸腺瘤19例，胸腺脂肪瘤6例，胸腺鳞癌1例。手术切除肿瘤后，对MG的治疗有效率为84．6％，无效15．4％。结论：胸腺肿瘤伴有MG的患者，手术切除肿瘤是其有效的治疗手段。     

合并重症肌无力的胸腺肿瘤26例病理分析

目的 :分析合并重症肌无力的胸腺肿瘤病理类型及手术后重症肌无力 (MG)的治疗效果。方法 :回顾性分析 1994 - 2 0 0 1年手术治疗的合并MG的胸腺肿瘤 2 6例的临床资料。结果 :胸腺瘤 19例 ,胸腺脂肪瘤 6例 ,胸腺鳞癌 1例。手术切除肿瘤后 ,对MG的治疗有效率为 84 6 % ,无效 15 4 %。结论 :胸腺肿瘤伴有MG的患者 ,手术切除肿瘤是其有效的治疗手段。     

胸腺瘤的微创及开放手术治疗

目的:评价微创及开放手术在胸腺瘤治疗的价值。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年4月我科手术治疗的33例胸腺瘤患者的临床资料。结果:33例胸腺瘤患者合并重症肌无力23例,全部进行扩大胸腺及胸腺瘤切除术。手术方式采取微创手术14例(胸腔镜手术6例,达芬奇机器人手术8例),开放手术19例(胸骨正中切口16例,后外侧切口3例)。肿瘤根治性切除32例,姑息性切除1例,肿瘤完整切除率97.0%(32/33)。微创组与开放组比较,微创组出血量明显少于开放组(P<0.05),手术时间及切除肿瘤直径两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。微创组肿瘤分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者比例(13/14)明显高于开放组(11/19),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均无住院死亡。术后共并发肌无力危象3例,胆碱能危象2例,心功能不全1例,并发症发生率18.2%,两组间无明显差异。微创组术后住院时间明显短于开放组(P<0.05)。1例胸腺癌术后1年发生双肺转移,无肿瘤局部复发。术后MG症状完全缓解1例,改善20例,改善不明显2例。结论:重症肌无力是胸腺瘤的常见伴随症状。手术为主的综合治疗效果良好,微创手术适合Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的胸腺瘤患者。     

老年胸腺瘤术后重症肌无力危象的防治

老年胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力(Mvasthenia gravis，MG)患者，手术危险性明显高于中青年患者。我们对1982年10月～2002年10月8例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力者术后出现重症肌无力危象的原因进行分析，为在今后的工作中减少术后并发症、扩大手术适应证提供参考。     

126例胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者临床特点及预后

目的 探讨胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的临床特点及预后。方法 回顾分析2008—2014年经术后病理证实的126例胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的临床病理资料。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法单因素预后分析,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 全组3、5年样本量分别为88例、45例。3、5年生存率分别为97.9%、91.8%。WHO分型中A+AB+B1+B2型与B3型患者3、5年生存率分别为98.6%与95.2%、90.6%与92.9%(P=0.764)。Masaoka分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期与Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者3、5年生存率分别为98.6%与95.2%、97.4%与72.7%(P=0.791)。完整切除与部分切除患者3、5年生存率分别为97.8%与91.7%、100.0%与50.0%(P=0.964)。单纯完整切除与完整切除+术后放疗患者3、5年生存率分别为96.8%与93.1%、100.0%与94.7%(P=1.000)。结论 胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者应尽可能行完整手术切除,术后根据具体情况给予放疗。完整切除、术后放疗、WHO分型、Masaoka分期可能与预后有关。     

Resección quirúrgica ampliada en el tratamiento del timoma invasivo

In 10%–15% of patients, myasthenia gravis is associated with thymoma. Because of its site, this tumour can have an un-noticed clinical history over a considerable time and be diagnosed when adjacent structures such as mediastinal vessels, heart or trachea become infiltrated. We present a patient with thymoma and infiltration of the superior vena cava, and which represents an incipient vena cava syndrome. The surgical treatment consisted of complete resection of the tumour including partial replacement of the vena cava with a pericardial patch. The surgery was complemented with radiotherapy.     

Radiation therapy of invasive thymoma

Between 1978 and 1987, 30 cases of invasive thymomas were treated with radiotherapy after surgery. Surgical therapy consisted of total resection in 15 patients, subtotal resection in 1 patient, and biopsy in 14 patients. Myasthenia gravis (MG) was associated in nine patients (MG(+) group), but in 21 patients there was no evidence of myasthenia gravis (MG(-) group). Irradiation in the dose range of 30 to 58.7 Gy was delivered. The total average 5-year survival rate was 71.8%; it was 39.2% in MG(+) group and 78.3% in MG(-) group, though there was no significant statistical difference. Myasthenia gravis was well controlled by the tumorectomy and associated radiotherapy in 7 of the 9 patients. However, in 3 of 7 patients (42.9%) myasthenia gravis recurred at 2 years, 2 years and 7 months, and 5 years and 8 months after initial therapy. Total body irradiation of 2 Gy with 0.1 Gy fractions was administered for uncontrollable myasthenia gravis in one patient with marked improvement. Radiation therapy is an important therapeutic modality for unresectable malignant thymoma as well as for postoperative combined therapy. Total body irradiation may be an effective method to treat patients with otherwise resistant myasthenia gravis.     

Thymic tumors]

Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare and slow-growing tumors, which develop within the anterior mediastinum. Thymomas are often associated with autoimmune disorders and most particularly myasthenia gravis. The treatment of choice remains a complete surgical resection. Postoperative radiotherapy is often combined in case of invasive thymoma invading into adjacent organs. Postoperative radiotherapy in stage II with invasion into capsule has been more controversial lately. In inoperable locally advanced, or metastatic thymic tumors, neoadjuvant cisplatin-based followed by surgery and radiotherapy has given interesting results in the past years.     

Myasthenia Gravis and Autoimmune Addison Disease in a Patient With Thymoma

The association of thymoma with myasthenia gravis has been well documented. However, the relationship between these two syndromes and Addison disease are very rarely encountered in clinical practice. We report on a 32-year-old man who underwent a resection for thymoma 48 months ago. The diagnosis of Addison disease was made followed by a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis on the basis of a high titer of acetylcholine receptor levels. The treatment of oral prednisolone 7.5 mg/day and oral prostigmine 180 mg/day was initiated. His symptoms and physical signs were improved after this treatment. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of thymoma synchronously associated with myasthenia gravis and Addison disease.     

Recurrence of thymoma: clinicopathological features, re-operation, and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Even after complete resection, recurrence of thymoma is not infrequently observed, and treatment of recurrent thymoma remains controversial. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and twenty-six patients underwent surgically complete resection for thymoma, and 24 of them had a recurrence. Surgical treatment of recurrent thymoma was attempted in 15 patients for a total of 18 times. In the present study, the relevance of clinicopathological features and the re-operation on the survival rate after the recurrence were determined. RESULTS: The most frequent recurrent type was pleural dissemination (92%), with local recurrence observed in 5%. Overall 5- and 10-year survivals after recurrence were 37 and 16%, respectively. Disease-free interval after initial operation and complication of myasthenia gravis had no significant effect on postrecurrent survival. The use of postoperative mediastinal irradiation had no effect on reducing the recurrence rate or improving survival after recurrence. Two of 15 patients who underwent re-operation died of major complications after It. pleuropneumonectomy for severe pleural dissemination. In the present study, the re-operation was not significantly effective for prolongation of postrecurrence survival. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that re-operation should not be attempted for all patients with recurrent thymoma. Because effect of subtotal resection for severe pleural recurrence is disappointing, total resection for minimal pleural dissemination or small local recurrence will be undertaken to improve postrecurrent survival. Careful follow-up for > 10 years will increase the chance of the total resection of the recurrent thymoma.     

Adjuvant therapy in invasive thymoma: an audit of cases treated over an 8 year period

Invasive thymomas comprise 0.1%-0.2% of all malignancies in India. This report is an audit of 11 cases (10 males and 1 female) at a mean age of 36.6 years (range 25-52 years) of invasive thymoma accrued over an eight year period treated by combined modality treatment. Nine of these presented with myaesthenia gravis. All patients underwent initial surgery (3 partial and 8 total resections) and postoperative radiotherapy. Two of the three partially resected patients received one course of chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone. At a median follow up of 28 months (range 2-87) there have been no local relapses, one distant metastasis and one death due to uncontrolled myaesthenia. The treatment strategies with invasive thymomas would depend upon the extent of resection. Postoperative radiotherapy appears to be indicated in all cases, however the role of chemotherapy may be limited to those with partial resection.     

Pulmonary metastasis 12 years after resection of thymoma with microscopic capsule invasion

We report on a 50-year-old female who developed pulmonary metastasis12 years following the resection of a thymoma with microscopiccapsular invasion. The patient was found to have a mediastinalmass at the age of 18 years; however, she refused to undergosurgery. At the age of 38 years, the patient underwent surgeryfor resection of the tumor; it was diagnosed as a macroscopicallyencapsulated thymoma with microscopic capsular invasion. Multiplepulmonary metastases occurred 12 years following the resectionof the tumor; all the metastatic masses were resected. Althoughthe patient suffered from myasthenia gravis 4 months followingthe resection of pulmonary metastases, she remains free of myastheniagravis with no recurrence of tumor at 2 years post-surgery.Long-term follow-up is essential for the detection of recurrenceafter resection of a thymoma with microscopic capsular invasion,and surgery could be the best treatment for distant metastasisin case of resectable lesions.     

经剑突下胸腔镜技术在前纵隔肿瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经剑突下胸腔镜技术在前纵隔肿瘤外科治疗中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2015年11月至2016年10月我院胸外科采用经剑突下胸腔镜手术治疗的13例前纵隔肿瘤患者临床资料,其中男性7例、女性6例.平均年龄49.3岁(31~61岁).病理类型为单纯胸腺瘤3例,胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力4例,支气管囊肿2例,胸腺囊肿3例,海绵状血管瘤1例.结果:所有患者均采用经剑突下胸腔镜手术完成了前纵隔肿瘤的切除,术中操作时间107 min(75~150 min),术中出血量60 ml(30~180 ml),术中均无严重并发症发生,术后胸腔引流管留置时间1.9天(0~5天),术后住院时间4.7天(2~6天),13例患者均术后随访,未见明显手术相关并发症.结论:经剑突下胸腔镜手术治疗前纵隔肿瘤安全可行.     

胸腺瘤术后患者预后营养指数与总生存率的相关性

目的 探讨预后营养指数(PNI)与胸腺瘤术后患者总生存率的相关性.方法 回顾性分析173例胸腺瘤术后患者的临床病理资料.结果 手术是否R0切除(P<0.001)、是否合并重症肌无力(P<0.001)、Masaoka分期(Ⅱ/Ⅰ:P=0.012;Ⅲ&Ⅳ/Ⅰ:P=0.011)、WHO分型(P<0.001)和PNI(P=0....