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1.
Zu-Peng Xu Yun Song Kai Yang Wei Zhou Li-Na Hou Liang Zhu Hong-Zhuan Chen Yong-Yao Cui 《Inflammation research》2014,63(6):463-473
Objective
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) plays an important role in the regulation of cytokine production in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we explored the precise role of M3 mAChR under stimulation with agonist in IL-8 expression and of the signaling pathway involved in this process.Materials and methods
Recombinant U2OS cells stably expressing M3 mAChR as a model system were stimulated by carbachol to evaluate the role of M3 mAChR in the expression of IL-8.Results
Activation of M3 mAChR with carbachol increased both IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Elevated IL-8 expression was completely antagonized by atropine, 4-DAMP and tiotropium. M3 mAChR-mediated IL-8 expression was almost completely inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 and, to a lesser extent, by U0126, SB203580, and SP600125, which are inhibitors for ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, respectively. Furthermore, M3 mAChR-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression were simultaneously attenuated by the PKC inhibitor calphostin C, whereas PMA, a PKC activator, mimicked the effects of carbachol, inducing IL-8 expression.Conclusions
Our findings offer insights into the specific and critical role of M3 mAChR in regulating inflammatory response and indicate M3 mAChR/PKC/NF-κB signaling axis driven by endogenous acetylcholine as a potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. 相似文献2.
Murat Dayanc Yusuf Kibar Ali U. Ural Onder Onguru Oguzhan Yildiz Hasan C. Irkilata Ferit Avcu Burak C. Soner Cunay Ulku Melik Seyrek 《Stem cell reviews》2012,8(4):1245-1253
Objectives
We researched the survival of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the results of MSCs’ injected into decompensated bladders in a rabbit model.Methods
Partial bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) and subsequent decompensation of the bladder was achieved by wrapping the bladder neck with autologous rectus fascia. In the first aspect of the experiment 18 rabbits underwent MSC injection into the decompensated bladder to prove the survivability of injected MSCs. For this purpose MSCs were isolated, transfected with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and injected into the detrusor layer. Once viability was assessed in the first phase, an additional 10 rabbits underwent PBNO in the second phase. Five of these animals underwent subsequent MSC injection (group 3, stem cell) and 5 did not (group 2, obstruction). Both groups were compared to 5 controls (group 1). Urodynamics were performed in all groups. After the animals were sacrificed the groups were compared via morphometric analysis, contractile response to carbachol and KCl, and muscarinic receptor type analysis.Results
On morphometric analysis, collagenous area rates were 43, 53 and 37 % in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of bladder weight, bladder capacity and vesical pressure. The contractile effects of KCl and muscarinic agonist carbachol were significantly higher in groups 1 and 3 than group 2. The response to carbachol was antagonized by muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor antagonist pirenzepine and abolished by muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP in all groups.Conclusions
The injection of MSCs decreased the collagenous area, increased detrusor contractility. Functional M3 receptors were also expressed in MSCs-injected bladder smooth muscle as well as in control group. 相似文献3.
Linette Castillo-Pichardo Luis A Cubano Suranganie Dharmawardhane 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2013,13(1):1-10
Background
Resveratrol, a polyphenol from grapes and red wine has many health beneficial effects, including protection against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, our group and others have provided evidence for a dual cancer promoting or inhibitory role for resveratrol in breast cancer, dependent on estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities. Moreover, much of the inhibitory effects of resveratrol have been reported from studies with high non-physiological concentrations.Methods
We investigated the effects of a range of concentrations (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg body weight) of resveratrol on mammary tumor development post-initiation, using immunocompromised mice.Results
Our findings suggest promotion of mammary tumor growth and metastasis by resveratrol at all concentrations tested in tumors derived from the low metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)α(-), ERβ(+) MDA-MB-231 and the highly metastatic ER(-) MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines. Additionally, the activity of the migration/invasion regulator Rac, which we have previously shown to be regulated by resveratrol in vitro, was measured in tumors from resveratrol treated mice. Our results show a significant induction of tumoral Rac activity and a trend in increased expression of the Rac downstream effector PAK1 and other tumor promoting molecules following resveratrol treatment.Conclusion
Taken together, our findings implicate low concentrations of resveratrol in potential promotion of breast cancer. Therefore, this study illuminates the importance of further delineating resveratrol’s concentration dependent effects, particularly in breast cancer, before it can be tested in the clinic or used as a dietary supplement for breast cancer patients. 相似文献4.
5.
Murabito Joanne M Rosenberg Carol L Finger Daniel Kreger Bernard E Levy Daniel Splansky Greta Lee Antman Karen Hwang Shih-Jen 《BMC medical genetics》2007,8(1):1-10
Background
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma causes over 75% of skin cancer-related deaths, and it is clear that many factors may contribute to the outcome. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane that, in turn, modulate cell division, migration and angiogenesis. Some polymorphisms are known to influence gene expression, protein activity, stability, and interactions, and they were shown to be associated with certain tumor phenotypes and cancer risk.Methods
We tested seven polymorphisms within the MMP-9 gene in 1002 patients with melanoma in order to evaluate germline genetic variants and their association with progression and known risk factors of melanoma. The polymorphisms were selected based on previously published reports and their known or potential functional relevance using in-silico methods. Germline DNA was then genotyped using pyrosequencing, melting temperature profiles, heteroduplex analysis, and fragment size analysis.Results
We found that reference alleles were present in higher frequency in patients who tend to sunburn, have family history of melanoma, higher melanoma stage, intransit metastasis and desmoplastic melanomas among others. However, after adjustment for age, sex, phenotypic index, moles, and freckles only Q279R, P574R and R668Q had significant associations with intransit metastasis, propensity to tan/sunburn and primary melanoma site.Conclusion
This study does not provide strong evidence for further investigation into the role of the MMP-9 SNPs in melanoma progression. 相似文献6.
Ilona Mare?ko Dubravka Cveji? Sonja ?elemetjev Svetlana Paska? Svetislav Tati? Ivan Paunovi? Svetlana Savin 《Croatian medical journal》2014,55(2):128-137
Aim
To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may be a useful adjunctive tool for predicting unfavorable biological behavior of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by evaluating the expression profile and proteolytic activity of MMP-9 in PTC by different techniques and correlating the findings with clinicopathological prognostic factors.Methods
Immunohistochemical localization of MMP-9 was analyzed with antibodies specific for either total or active MMP-9. Activation ratios of MMP-9 were calculated by quantifying gel zymography bands. Enzymatic activity of MMP-9 was localized by in situ zymography after inhibiting MMP-2 activity.Results
Immunostaining of total and active MMP-9 was observed in tumor tissue and occasionally in non-neoplastic epithelium. Only active MMP-9 was significantly associated with extrathyroid invasion, lymph-node metastasis, and the degree of tumor infiltration (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P < 0.001, respectively). Gelatin zymography revealed a correlation between the MMP-9 activation ratio and nodal involvement, extrathyroid invasion, and the degree of tumor infiltration. In situ zymography showed that gelatinases exerted their activity in tumor parenchymal and stromal cells. Moreover, after application of MMP-2 inhibitor, the remaining gelatinase activity, corresponding to MMP-9, was highest in cancers with the most advanced degree of tumor infiltration.Conclusions
This is the first report suggesting that the evaluation of active MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry and determination of its activation ratio by gelatin zymography may be a useful adjunct to the known clinicopathological factors in predicting tumor behavior. Most important, in situ zimography with an MMP-2 inhibitor for the first time demonstrated a strong impact of MMP-9 activity on the degree of tumor infiltration during PTC progression.Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid, with a rapid global rise in incidence in the recent decades. Despite its generally indolent behavior, a small proportion of PTC patients develop more aggressive forms of the disease. Several clinical and histopathological parameters, such as sex, age, histologic grade, and tumor stage have been reported as useful in improving prognostic stratification (1). However, the prognosis of tumor behavior for individual patients with thyroid cancer can vary greatly, partly due to the marked clinical heterogeneity among such patients, even within a particular histologic group. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer development, progression, and metastasis, and to establish novel strategies for predicting biological behavior of thyroid cancer and for clinical management of patients.In cancer research, much interest has been devoted to alterations in expression grade and activity of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their corresponding inhibitors (2). MMPs are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases with the capacity to degrade extracellular matrix proteins and basement membranes (3), and are therefore strongly implicated in multiple stages of cancer progression. Among the MMPs, a subset called gelatinases, consisting of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B), has gained the most attention in studies on the acquisition of invasive and metastatic tumor properties, as they degrade collagen IV, the major component of the basement membrane (4,5). Their proteolytic activity is regulated at various levels, including expression, balance between amounts of enzymes and their inhibitors, pericellular localization, and most importantly, latent form activation. Namely, gelatinases are secreted as inactive proenzymes and are activated after cleavage of the pro-peptide domain of the molecule (6). MMP-9 is of special interest because its basal expression is normally low, whereas it is highly expressed in most human cancers in response to various growth factors and cytokines (7,8). It has been shown that MMP-9-deficient mice exhibit impaired metastasis formation and tumor growth (9). In this respect, up-regulation of MMP-9 expression in various types of human cancers contributes to tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis (10-13).There is much evidence demonstrating that MMP-9 is overexpressed in various tumor types when compared to normal tissue (14-16). On the other hand, this protein has not been widely investigated in thyroid tumors and there are still some controversies regarding its usefulness as a marker for diagnosis or prognosis of these tumors (17-21). Moreover, the ratio of active-to-total MMP-9 and the precise localization of enzymatic activity in thyroid tissue have not yet been investigated. To localize MMP-9 expression in PTC and corresponding non-tumor tissue, we used two commercial antibodies that recognize either both pro-active and active or only active form of MMP-9 for immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, active form of MMP-9 has not been immunohistochemically evaluated on thyroid tissue sections previously. We also used gelatin zymography, which is a sensitive, quantifiable assay to analyze pro-active and active form of MMP-9, and sensitive dye-quenched gelatin (DQ-gelatin) in situ zymography with a selective MMP-2 inhibitor to localize the gelatinase activity corresponding to MMP-9 in tissue. Thus, we explored the expression profiles, activation ratio, and localization of MMP-9 activity in tissue sections of papillary thyroid carcinomas and correlated the findings with clinicopathological prognostic factors with the aim of determining whether MMP-9 may be a useful adjunctive tool for predicting unfavorable biological behavior of PTC. 相似文献7.
8.
Background
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in cancer progression by degrading extracellular matrix and basement membranes, assisting in tumour neovascularization and in supporting immune response in cancer.Methods
We studied the prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in a series of 619 colorectal cancer patients using tissue microarray specimens.Results
Of the samples, 56% were positive for MMP-2, 78% for MMP-8, and 60% for MMP-9. MMP-9 associated with low WHO grade (p?<?0.001). In univariate analysis of Dukes’ B tumours, MMP-9 negativity associated with poor survival (p?=?0.018), and MMP-9 positivity was an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis of these tumours (p?=?0.034).Conclusion
Negative MMP-9 expression can predict poor prognosis in Dukes’ B colorectal tumours and may prove useful for identifying patients, who should be offered adjuvant treatment.9.
Alessandro Trentini Tiziana Bellini Maria C. Manfrinato Franco Dallocchio Enrico Fainardi Raffele Alvisi Valentina Alvisi Carlo A. Volta 《Inflammation research》2014,63(5):325-328
Objectives and design
We investigated the effect of balanced (BS) and unbalanced (UBS) solutions in the absence or presence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on neutrophil functionality, evaluating the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MMP-8.Materials and methods
Neutrophils were isolated by gradient centrifugation and dextran sedimentation and incubated in BS or UBS without or with HES, in the absence or presence of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MMP-9, MPO, and MMP-8 were assayed by commercially available ELISA kits.Results
There was not any influence of volume replacement solutions on the release of the enzymes from resting neutrophils. After IL-8 stimulation, the release of MMP-9 was higher in BS than in UBS or RPMI-1640, whereas HES enhanced its release regardless of the composition. After LPS stimulation, the release of MMP-9 was higher in both UBS and BS than RPMI-1640, but HES brought its release back to physiological conditions. No difference was found in the release of MPO and MMP-8 after stimulation with IL-8 or LPS.Conclusion
Volume replacement solutions might have an impact on the release of MMP-9 depending on the inflammatory milieu, suggesting that the use of balanced or unbalanced solutions is not a neutral choice. 相似文献10.
Elin Tr?g?rdh Liselott Johansson Camilla Olofsson Sven Valind Lars Edenbrandt 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2012,12(1):1-6
Background
Adjuvant! Online ( http://www.adjuvantonline.com) is an Internet-based software program that allows clinicians to make predictions about the benefits of adjuvant therapy and 10-year survival probability for early-stage breast cancer patients. This model has been validated in Western countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and Holland. The aim of our study was to investigate the performance and accuracy of Adjuvant! Online in a cohort of Taiwanese breast cancer patients.Methods
Data on the prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of 559 breast cancer patients diagnosed at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Tainan between 1992 and 2001 were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive demographic, clinical outcome data, and adjuvant treatment data were entered into the Adjuvant! Online program. The outcome prediction at 10 years was compared with the observed and predicted outcomes using Adjuvant! Online.Results
Comparison between low- and high-risk breast cancer patient subgroups showed significant differences in tumor grading, tumor size, and lymph node status (p?<?0.0001). The mean 10-year predicted death probability in 559 patients was 19.44%, and the observed death probability was 15.56%. Comparison with the Adjuvant! Online-predicted breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) showed significant differences in the whole cohort (p?<?0.001). In the low-risk subgroup, the predicted and observed outcomes did not differ significantly (3.69% and 3.85%, respectively). In high-risk patients, Adjuvant! Online overestimated breast cancer-specific survival (p?=?0.016); the predicted and observed outcomes were 21.99% and 17.46%, respectively.Conclusions
Adjuvant! Online accurately predicted 10-year outcomes and assisted in decision making about adjuvant treatment in low-risk breast cancer patients in our study, although the results were less accurate in the high-risk subgroup. Development of a prognostic program based on a national database should be considered, especially for high-risk breast cancer patients in Taiwan. 相似文献11.
Lara Kular Cyril Rivat Brigitte Lelongt Claire Calmel Maryvonne Laurent Michel Pohl Patrick Kitabgi Stéphane Melik-Parsadaniantz Cécile Martinerie 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2012,9(1):1-20
Background
Sustained neuroinflammation strongly contributes to the pathogenesis of pain. The clinical challenge of chronic pain relief led to the identification of molecules such as cytokines, chemokines and more recently matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as putative therapeutic targets. Evidence points to a founder member of the matricial CCN family, NOV/CCN3, as a modulator of these inflammatory mediators. We thus investigated the possible involvement of NOV in a preclinical model of persistent inflammatory pain.Methods
We used the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced model of persistent inflammatory pain and cultured primary sensory neurons for in vitro experiments. The mRNA expression of NOV and pro-inflammatory factors were measured with real-time quantitative PCR, CCL2 protein expression was assessed using ELISA, MMP-2 and -9 activities using zymography. The effect of drugs on tactile allodynia was evaluated by the von Frey test.Results
NOV was expressed in neurons of both dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and dorsal horn of the spinal cord (DHSC). After intraplantar CFA injection, NOV levels were transiently and persistently down-regulated in the DRG and DHSC, respectively, occurring at the maintenance phase of pain (15 days). NOV-reduced expression was restored after treatment of CFA rats with dexamethasone. In vitro, results based on cultured DRG neurons showed that siRNA-mediated inhibition of NOV enhanced IL-1??- and TNF-??-induced MMP-2, MMP-9 and CCL2 expression whereas NOV addition inhibited TNF-??-induced MMP-9 expression through ??1 integrin engagement. In vivo, the intrathecal delivery of MMP-9 inhibitor attenuated mechanical allodynia of CFA rats. Importantly, intrathecal administration of NOV siRNA specifically led to an up-regulation of MMP-9 in the DRG and MMP-2 in the DHSC concomitant with increased mechanical allodynia. Finally, NOV intrathecal treatment specifically abolished the induction of MMP-9 in the DRG and, MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the DHSC of CFA rats. This inhibitory effect on MMP is associated with reduced mechanical allodynia.Conclusions
This study identifies NOV as a new actor against inflammatory pain through regulation of MMPs thus uncovering NOV as an attractive candidate for therapeutic improvement in pain relief. 相似文献12.
13.
Jutta Engel Anne Schlesinger-Raab Rebecca Emeny Dieter Hölzel Gabriele Schubert-Fritschle 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2014,21(3):478-486
Background
Two thirds of female breast cancer patients and more than 80 % of malignant melanoma patients are diagnosed with localised disease and good prognosis with a 5-year relative survival of more than 90 % in Germany.Purpose
This study was conducted to present quality of life (QoL) data from a German population-based cohort of female breast cancer and melanoma patients without recurrence for approximately 2 years after initial diagnosis.Methods
In 2003–2004, patients with localised breast cancer and melanoma were recruited from the Munich Cancer Registry (Upper Bavaria, Germany) to answer QoL questionnaires. Differences between breast cancer and melanoma patients were investigated with regard to age and aspects of communication with their medical caregivers.Results
One thousand three hundred and four breast cancer and 348 melanoma patients were included. Breast cancer patients were about 7 years older and had significantly lower QoL and higher symptom scores than melanoma patients. Communication needs were generally similar in both groups; however, breast cancer patients experienced more empathy from their medical caregivers. In breast cancer patients, communication was an independent factor for all QoL functioning scores.Conclusions
Even when faced with a similarly good prognosis, breast cancer patients have a worse QoL than melanoma patients 2 years after diagnosis. An explanation may be more distinctive surgery and systemic therapy, older patients with comorbidities and misunderstood risk communication in breast cancer patients that may stoke anxiety and fears. Further reasons could be unceasing public discussion about breast cancer and its instrumentalisation for political purposes. 相似文献14.
Li Wang Cong-hua Wang Jun-feng Jia Xiao-kui Ma Yu Li Hong-bin Zhu Hao Tang Zhi-nan Chen Ping Zhu 《Journal of clinical immunology》2010,30(1):24-33
Introduction
Previous studies show that cyclophilin A (CypA) acts as a strong chemotactic cytokine to neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods
In this study, monocytes were stimulated by purified CypA and the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), the cell invasion and the release of inflammatory cytokines were detected respectively by gelatin zymography, invasion assay, and cytometric bead array FCM.Results
The elevated level of inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was also detected. Results showed that CypA significantly promoted the invasion of THP-1 cells and increased the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which displayed a biphasic concentration dependency. In vivo experiments found that the cartilage erosion scores in CypA injection group were significantly higher than those in control group (P?<?0.05).Conclusion
Our findings suggest that CypA significantly enhances the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, the cell invasion, and the inflammatory cytokines production of monocytes. Our findings may shed some new light on the inflammatory process and the degradation of cartilage and bone in RA. 相似文献15.
Kenneth Offit Heather Pierce Tomas Kirchhoff Prema Kolachana Beth Rapaport Peter Gregersen Steven Johnson Orit Yossepowitch Helen Huang Jaya Satagopan Mark Robson Lauren Scheuer Khedoudja Nafa Nathan Ellis 《BMC medical genetics》2003,4(1):1-4
Background
The 1100delC CHEK2 allele has been associated with a 1.4–4.7 fold increased risk for breast cancer in women carrying this mutation. While the frequency of 1100delC was 1.1–1.4% in healthy Finnish controls, the frequency of this allele in a North American control population and in North American breast cancer kindreds remains unclear.Methods
We genotyped 1665 healthy New York volunteers and 300 cases of breast cancer for the CHEK2*1100delC.Results
The overall frequency of the 1100delC was 3/300 (1.0%) among all cases with either a family history of breast cancer (n = 192) or a personal history of breast cancer (n = 108, of which 46 were bilateral, 46 unilateral, and 16 were male breast cancer cases), compared to a frequency of 5/1665 (0.3%) in healthy controls (p = 0.1). There was no difference in allele frequency among Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi controls.Conclusion
The relatively low breast cancer penetrance of this allele, along with the low population frequency, will limit the clinical applicability of germline testing for CHEK2*1100delC in North American kindreds. 相似文献16.
Ridolfi R Riccobon A Galassi R Giorgetti G Petrini M Fiammenghi L Stefanelli M Ridolfi L Moretti A Migliori G Fiorentini G 《Journal of translational medicine》2004,2(1):27-11
Background
Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccination is a very promising therapeutic strategy in cancer patients. The immunizing ability of DC is critically influenced by their migration activity to lymphatic tissues, where they have the task of priming naïve T-cells. In the present study in vivo DC migration was investigated within the context of a clinical trial of antitumor vaccination. In particular, we compared the migration activity of mature Dendritic Cells (mDC) with that of immature Dendritic Cells (iDC) and also assessed intradermal versus subcutaneous administration.Methods
DC were labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO or 111In-Oxine, and the presence of labelled DC in regional lymph nodes was evaluated at pre-set times up to a maximum of 72 h after inoculation. Determinations were carried out in 8 patients (7 melanoma and 1 renal cell carcinoma).Results
It was verified that intradermal administration resulted in about a threefold higher migration to lymph nodes than subcutaneous administration, while mDC showed, on average, a six-to eightfold higher migration than iDC. The first DC were detected in lymph nodes 20–60 min after inoculation and the maximum concentration was reached after 48–72 h.Conclusions
These data obtained in vivo provide preliminary basic information on DC with respect to their antitumor immunization activity. Further research is needed to optimize the therapeutic potential of vaccination with DC. 相似文献17.
Lorna McLeish Marta M. Reis Clare Stewart David R. Goudie Jonathan N. Berg Michelle Harvie Kirstie A. Hanning Helen Vysny C. Michael Steel 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2013,20(4):514-521
Background
Lifestyle influences breast cancer risk. Women at increased familial risk may benefit from modifying behaviour, but it is not known to what extent they do so.Purpose
This study aims to measure changes that UK (Scottish) women make in response to increased familial risk of breast cancer and attitudes to a risk-reduction trial.Methods
A questionnaire, completed by 140 “breast cancer family” clinic patients, generated data on habitual diet, alcohol consumption and exercise, changes made after learning of breast cancer risk and attitudes to possible further changes. Subgroups of patients were defined by criteria likely to influence changes in behaviour. Between-group differences were analysed by Fisher's exact test and overall correlations by linear regression.Results
Thirty-six subjects (26 %) reported no behavioural change but, overall, around 25 % of diet, exercise and alcohol items had been changed. Women perceiving their lifetime cancer risk to be high (>50 %) and those who were obese (BMI >25) had made significantly more changes than others. Younger women (<40 years) and those with daughters had made fewer changes. Almost all suggested elements of a risk-reduction trial were strongly supported.Conclusions
Scottish women at increased risk of breast cancer have scope for protective changes in lifestyle and support a risk-reduction trial. The needs of younger women and of those with daughters should be addressed in its design. 相似文献18.
Chiquito Crasto Dajie Luo Feliciano Yu Andres Forero Dongquan Chen 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2011,11(1):1-6
Background
This paper describes the development of a web-based tool, GenDrux, which extracts and presents (over the Internet) information related to the disease-gene-drug nexus. This information is archived from the relevant biomedical literature using automated methods. GenDrux is designed to alleviate the difficulties of manually processing the vast biomedical literature to identify disease-gene-drug relationships. GenDrux will evolve with the literature without additional algorithmic modifications.Results
GenDrux, a pilot system, is developed in the domain of breast cancer and can be accessed at http://www.microarray.uab.edu/drug_gene.pl. GenDrux can be queried based on drug, gene and/or disease name. From over 8,000 relevant abstracts from the biomedical literature related to breast cancer, we have archived a corpus of more than 4,000 articles that depict gene expression-drug activity relationships for breast cancer and related cancers. The archiving process has been automated.Conclusions
The successful development, implementation, and evaluation of this and similar systems when created may provide clinicians with a tool for literature management, clinical decision making, thus setting the platform for personalized therapy in the future. 相似文献19.
M Khair Elzarrad Abu Haroon Klaus Willecke Radoslaw Dobrowolski Mark N Gillespie Abu-Bakr Al-Mehdi 《BMC medicine》2008,6(1):1-16
Background
The modulation of gap junctional communication between tumor cells and between tumor and vascular endothelial cells during tumorigenesis and metastasis is complex. The notion of a role for loss of gap junctional intercellular communication in tumorigenesis and metastasis has been controversial. While some of the stages of tumorigenesis and metastasis, such as uncontrolled cell division and cellular detachment, would necessitate the loss of intercellular junctions, other stages, such as intravasation, endothelial attachment, and vascularization, likely require increased cell-cell contact. We hypothesized that, in this multi-stage scheme, connexin-43 is centrally involved as a cell adhesion molecule mediating metastatic tumor attachment to the pulmonary endothelium.Methods
Tumor cell attachment to pulmonary vasculature, tumor growth, and connexin-43 expression was studied in metastatic lung tumor sections obtained after tail-vein injection into nude mice of syngeneic breast cancer cell lines, overexpressing wild type connexin-43 or dominant-negatively mutated connexin-43 proteins. High-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis was performed using a connexin-43 monoclonal antibody. Calcein Orange Red AM dye transfer by fluorescence imaging was used to evaluate the gap junction function.Results
Adhesion of breast cancer cells to the pulmonary endothelium increased with cancer cells overexpressing connexin-43 and markedly decreased with cells expressing dominant-negative connexin-43. Upregulation of connexin-43 was observed in tumor cell-endothelial cell contact areas in vitro and in vivo, and in areas of intratumor blood vessels and in micrometastatic foci.Conclusion
Connexin-43 facilitates metastatic 'homing' by increasing adhesion of cancer cells to the lung endothelial cells. The marked upregulation of connexin-43 in tumor cell-endothelial cell contact areas, whether in preexisting 'homing' vessels or in newly formed tumor vessels, suggests that connexin-43 can serve as a potential marker of micrometastases and tumor vasculature and that it may play a role in the early incorporation of endothelial cells into small tumors as seeds for vasculogenesis. 相似文献20.
Taylor TR Huntley ED Sween J Makambi K Mellman TA Williams CD Carter-Nolan P Frederick W 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2012,19(3):280-287