Glycosylation of nail in diabetics: possible marker of long-term hyperglycemia

Fingernail samples from 32 patients with diabetes mellitus and from 26 non-diabetics were analyzed in order to determine the protein glycosylation rate in nail. Nail glycosylation was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Blood was taken from both diabetics and non-diabetics at the same time for measurement of hemoglobin glycosylation. In non-diabetics, the protein glycosylation in nail and glycosylated hemoglobin were found to be 8.35 ± 2.7 nmol fructosamine/mg nail and 2.24 ± 0.45 μmol fructosamine/g hemoglobin, respectively. In diabetics, however, there was an extremely high glycosylation in both nail protein and hemoglobin: 16.0 ± 7.35 nmol fructosamine/mg nail and 5.17 ± 1.17 μmol fructosamine/g hemoglobin (p < 0.001 for both). A significant correlation was found between nail glycosylation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetics (r = 0.923, p < 0.001). Also, there was a correlation between diabetic fasting blood glucose and protein glycosylation in nail (r = 0.947, p < 0.001). Our findings show that it might be useful in the investigation of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus to evaluate the possibility of nail glycosylation providing a stable long-term measure of tissue glycosylation.     

Control of insulin secretion during fasting hyperglycemia in adult diabetics and in nondiabetic subjects during infusion of glucose

In obese adult diabetics, the concentration of insulin in venous plasma was unrelated to the degree of hyperglycemia after an overnight fast. However, in these subjects, insulin rose and fell in proportion to the magnitude of change in plasma glucose induced by small intravenous infusions of glucose. The minimal dose of glucose to cause a significant rise in insulin above the fasting level was similar in normal subjects, obese nondiabetic subjects, and in obese, hyperglycemic adult diabetics. This dose lay between infusion of 60 and 100 mg of glucose per min for 30 min. These results suggested that the secretion of insulin was under regulation by changes in blood glucose but was not stimulated in proportion to the stable raised blood glucose concentration of the hyperglycemic diabetic. Artificial hyperglycemia was induced in fasting normal subjects by constant intravenous infusion of glucose at rates of 100-250 mg of glucose per min for periods up to 8 hr. Plasma glucose rose during the 1st hr of infusion and then remained constantly elevated for up to 8 hr. The concentration of plasma insulin paralleled that of plasma glucose. During the period of constant hyperglycemia and elevated insulin, superimposition of a brief additional glucose load resulted in a prompt rise in glucose and insulin, both returning to the previous elevated levels.Thus in normals as well as obese diabetics, stable hyperglycemia does not produce a pancreatic response sufficient to return the blood glucose to an arbitrary normal fasting concentration, yet the beta cells remain readily responsive to a change in plasma glucose. These data suggest that the beta cells do not operate as a control system with an absolute reference point when presented with systemic hyperglycemia. The behavior of the beta cells during hyperglycemia in the fasting obese adult diabetic suggests that the regulation of the basal insulin secretion may not be determined by factors directly related to the prevailing concentration of glucose. It is postulated that the beta cells adapt to hyperglycemia perhaps through the operation of controls directed toward a normal delivery of free fatty acids or some other cellular metabolic substrate during fasting.     

短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响

目的观察强化胰岛素治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响,并比较两种强化胰岛素治疗方案的疗效。方法将60例空腹血糖大于11.1mmol/L的初诊2型糖尿病患者分为多次皮下胰岛素注射治疗组(胰岛素注射液)和胰岛素泵组,同期选择健康体检人群30例作为健康对照组,对糖尿病患者进行2周的胰岛素强化治疗,比较强化治疗前后血糖、血三酰甘油(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)、空腹胰岛素原(FPI)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、FPI/FIns、HomaB功能指数(HBCI)及口服馒头餐—胰岛素释放试验中糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCi)、AUCi/AUCg、糖负荷后30min胰岛素增值与血糖增值的比值(ΔI30'/ΔG30'),并对两个治疗组之间的上述指标进行比较。结果 (1)胰岛素注射组、胰岛素泵组两组血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇和糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)水平均明显高于健康对照驵,但两组间各指标间差异无统计学意义;(2)胰岛素强化治疗后,FIns、FIns/FBG、HBCI、AUCi和AUCi/AUCg,以及ΔI30'/ΔG30'均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),血糖、TG、TC和FPI和FPI/FIns水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01或P<0.05);胰岛素泵组每日所用胰岛素总量较胰岛素注射组少,患者血糖达标所需时间缩短,且胰岛素泵组反映胰岛B细胞功能的指标改善更明显(与胰岛素注射组相比,P<0.05)。结论短期胰岛素强化治可明显改善初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能,胰岛素泵治疗效果相对较好。     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

目的 探讨高糖危象患者血清瘦素水平变化及与氧化应激的关系.方法 选择糖尿病酮症酸中毒和非酮症高血糖患者96例,静脉泵入胰岛素0.1 U·kg1·h1,同时给予补液、对症治疗以及胃肠和静脉营养.检测高糖危象患者治疗前及病情缓解时(72 h)血清瘦素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、总抗氧化能力(TAC)和8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)水平.另外选择35例健康体检者作为对照组.结果 高糖危象患者治疗前SOD、TAC和瘦素水平均显著低于健康对照组,而MDA和8-iso-PGF2a均显著高于健康对照组(P均<0.05);高糖危象患者治疗后SOD、TAC和瘦素均显著高于治疗前,而MDA和8-iso-PGF2a均显著低于治疗前(P均<0.05).高糖危象患者治疗前瘦素与MDA呈显著正相关(r=0.38,P<0.05),治疗后瘦素与MDA和8-iso-PGF2a呈显著负相关(r1=-0.35,r2=-0.37,P均<0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示MDA和8-iso-PGF2α均为影响血清瘦素水平的显著因素.结论 高糖危象患者血清瘦素水平明显下降,且与氧化应激有关.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

实验性高血糖大鼠血糖水平与基础痛阈的关系

目的:研究链脲霉素所致实验性高血糖大鼠血糖变化与热痛阈和机械痛阈的关系。 方法:将20只SD雄性大鼠随机分为两组,链脲霉素组(streptozotocin, STZ,n=10)和生理盐水组(n=10)两组,STZ组腹腔注射链脲霉素(50μg/kg),生理盐水组腹腔注射生理盐水(0.06 mL)。先对大鼠的热刺激缩足反应潜伏期(paw withdrawal thermal latency,PWTL)、机械刺激缩足反应阈值(paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,PWMT)进行行为学测试,随后采血测血糖。 结果:链脲霉素所致高血糖大鼠血糖水平明显升高[(3.43±0.10)mmol/L和(9.03±0.46)mmol/L,P<0.001】,机械刺激缩足反应阈值降低[(12.98±2.19)g和(7.21±1.26)g,P<0.01],而热刺激缩足反应潜伏期未发生明显变化[(13.63±1.65)s和(15.31±0.95)s,P>0.05]。生理盐水组血糖、热痛阈和机械痛阈均未发生明显变化[(4.01±0.25)mmol/L和(3.86±0.22)mmol/L,P>0.05;(13.54±1.08)s和(13.08±0.05)s,P>0.05;(20.06±2.77)g和(19.75±3.18)g,P>0.05]。以上数据均以左足为例。 结论:①中剂量链脲霉素(50μg/kg)腹腔注射,可以成功的诱导出SD雄性大鼠的实验性高血糖(7.0～16.7mmol/L),并且持续12d左右。②链脲霉素所致高血糖大鼠模型血糖水平升高过程中可产生机械痛敏,热痛敏未发生明显变化     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

北京市职业人群血糖水平及高血糖检出率的变化

目的　调查人群空腹血糖水平、血糖随增龄的上升幅度及高血糖检出率。方法　研究对象为北京市政府机关和科教卫生单位工作人员 (包括离退休者 ) ,共计 2 936 5例。资料来源包括问卷调查、全面体检及血液生化检查 ,血糖检查一律用血清 (葡萄糖氧化酶法 )。结果　研究对象以5岁分组。 2 5岁以上各组空腹血糖随年龄逐步上升 ,直至男性 6 5岁组 ( 4 5 3升至 5 5 2mmol/L)或女性70岁组 ( 4 5 5升至 5 4 8mmol/L)。高龄老人 (≥ 80岁 )仍保持较高水平 (男≥ 5 4 6、女≥ 5 2 7mmol/L)。2 0～ 74岁间血糖随年龄上升幅度约为每 10年 0 19～ 0 2 2mmol/L。 5 0岁以下各年龄组的血糖数据近似正态分布 ,2 0至 39岁组血糖的第 5至 95百分位水平为 3 8～ 5 8mmol/L。但 5 0岁以上各组呈明显正偏态 ,主要因为 5 0岁以上组高血糖者较多。本次体检空腹高血糖 (≥ 7 0mmol/L)的检出率也随年龄上升 ,2 0至 39岁组 <1% ,但≥ 6 0岁男性可达 9 7%～ 10 6 % ,女性较低为 6 4 %～ 7 3%。年龄标化的高血糖检出率为 3 4 2 % (男 )和 2 18% (女 )。结论　空腹血糖和高血糖检出率随年龄逐步上升。空腹血糖平均水平男 5 10mmol/L、女 4 97mmol/L。高血糖 (≥ 7 0mmol/L)的年龄标化检出率男女合计为 2 9%。     

不同尿白蛋白水平糖尿病患者核因子-κB的临床研究

目的 比较不同尿白蛋白水平2型糖尿病患者外周血单核细胞核因子-κB (NF-κB)表达水平,来探讨NF-κB在糖尿病肾病发生、发展中的意义.方法 选择健康体检者(对照组)20例,2型糖尿病患者50例,依其24小时尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分3组:①正常白蛋白尿组(A组=25例),UAER＜20 μg/min;②微量白蛋白尿组(B组=15例),20 μg/min≤UAER＜200 μg/min;③大量白蛋白尿组(C组=10例),UAER＞200 μg/min.采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测所有入选者外周血单核细胞的NF-κB水平.结果 与对照组相比,T2DM组NF-κB的表达水平明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);T2DM组内,与A组比较,B组NF-κB的表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05),C组水平进一步升高(P＜0.05);与B组比较,C组水平也增高(P＜0.05).相关分析显示:NF-κB表达水平分别与尿白蛋白排泄率、血肌酐、病程和糖化血红蛋白呈显著正相关(r=0.715,r=0.701,r=0.514,P均＜0.01;r=0.308,P＜0.05).结论 NF-κB表达水平的增加可能参与了糖尿病肾病发生发展.     

糖尿病患者疾病知识掌握情况的调查分析

目的:了解糖尿病患者对糖尿病知识的掌握情况,以促进对患者实施糖尿病知识健康教育.方法:对128例糖尿病患者进行问卷调查与分析.结果:糖尿病患者教育后比教育前,有关糖尿病知识的掌握程度有明显提高.结论:对糖尿病患者进行健康教育,是治疗糖尿病的重要措施,应引起高度重视,且深入开展,以提高患者的生存质量,降低医疗费用.