淋巴结外弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤分子分型的病理学研究

目的探讨结外弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-celll ymphoma,DLBCL）分子分型及免疫组化特点,为临床治疗和预后评估提供帮助。方法采用免疫组化法,标记88例结外原发性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中CD10、bcl-6、MUM1、ki-67的表达并进行分子分型。结果88例结外DLBCL中生发中心B细胞样（GCB）36例,非生发中心B细胞样（non—GCB）52例,GCB组中ki-67的阳性表达率大于75．0％有17例,占47．2％（17／36）,non—GCB组中ki-67的阳性表达率大于75．0％有37例,占71．2％（37／52）。结论结外DLBCL以non—GCB多见。     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中MYC／BCL2蛋白共表达及其意义分析

目的：探讨245例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）中MYC/BCL2蛋白共表达状况及其与生发中心细胞样（GCB）及non-GCB亚型是否存在相关性。方法使用免疫组织化学方法对DLBCL石蜡标本制作的组织芯片进行MYC、BCL2、CD10、BCL6、MUM1、KI67检测,并对蛋白表达状况进行统计分析。结果245例DLBCL标本中,non-GCB患者163例（66．5％）,GCB患者82例（33．5％）,MYC和BCL2双阳性患者88例,占患者总数的35．9％（88/245）,占non-GCB病例的41．7％（68/163）,占GCB病例的24．4％（20/82）,在这两种亚型表达的差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝7．116,P＝0．008）。结论DLBCL中MYC/BCL2蛋白共表达在non-GCB亚型比GCB亚型更多,可以按照MYC/BCL2的共表达情况,把DLBCL分成不同亚群以区别治疗和判断预后。     

miR-320d与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨miR-320d表达与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）预后的关系.方法 应用EnVision法对山西省肿瘤医院有随访资料的原发于淋巴结的DLBCL 62例石蜡标本进行CD20、CD3、CD10、bcl-6、Mum-1免疫标记检测,根据Hans分类方法将DLBCL分为生发中心B细胞（GCB）型和非生发中心B细胞（non-GCB）型.采用安捷伦16.0高密度芯片对24例DLBCL石蜡标本进行miRNA表达谱筛选,用实时荧光定量PCR方法对62例DLBCL石蜡标本进行miR-320d表达验证.将1 1例淋巴结反应性增生标本作为对照.结果 62例DLBCL中,GCB型22例（35.5％）,non-GCB型40例（64.5％）,GCB型miR-320d表达水平是non-GCB型的3.43倍（P=0.034）.miR-320d在对照组的表达量是DLBCL的5.65倍（P＜ 0.001）.单因素分析示DLBCL中miR-320d低表达组总生存期低于高表达组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）.多因素Cox回归模型分析示62例DLBCL中,miR-320d低表达（RR=2.434,95％CI1.148～5.159,P=0.020）为独立于国际预后指数（IPI）的预后不良因素.结论 miR-320d表达下调预示DLBCL预后不良.     

CD138在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫分型构建及预后评估中的意义

目的 探讨CD138的表达及不同免疫分型方法与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者预后的关系.方法 收集106例DLBCL组织标本,应用免疫组化EnVision法检测CD138、CD10、MUM1及bcl-6的表达.基于免疫标记结果,根据4种不同免疫分型方法对106例患者进行分型,比较各亚型患者的预后,分析不同免疫分型方法对DLBCL患者预后的影响.结果 106例组织标本中,CD20均为弥漫阳性,CD3均为阴性,CD10的阳性率为21.7%,bcl-6的阳性率为26.4%,MUM1的阳性率为56.6%,CD138的阳性率为15.1%.其中CD10和bcl-6阳性者总生存期长于阴性者(P=0.001,P=0.041),而CD138阳性者总生存期短于阴性者(P=0.003).多因素Cox回归分析显示,ECOG评分、Hans分型、Colomo分型分别为DLBCL患者生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)的独立影响因素,两种免疫分型方法相对于OS的OR值(0.259和0.255)和PFS的OR值(0.248和0.244)接近.结论 Hans分型和Colomo分型均与DLBCL患者的预后有关,且对预后的影响力相近,CD138的表达对DLBCL患者预后的预测意义不大.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of this study was to classify the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into different prognostic subgroups according to four different detection methods of the expression of CD138,CD10,bcl-6,and MUM1.In particular to investigate the significance of CD138 in immunohistochemical profiles and its correlation with prognosis in DLBCL. Methods Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of CD138,CD10,bcl-6 and MUM1 in 106 cases of DLBCL and reconstructed into four different subtyping algorithms.Algorithm-1,according to the expression of CD10,bcl-6 and MUM1,the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups.Algorithm-2,according to the expression of CD138,CD10,bcl-6 and MUM1,the cases were assigned to A,B,C,D groups.Algorithm-3,according to the expression of CD10 and MUM1,the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups.Algorithm-4,according to the expression of CD138,CD10,bcl-6 and MUM1,the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups.Following up was included as well.Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 13.0 and differences were considered significant at P ＜0.05. Results CD138,MUM1,CD10 and bcl-6 were positive in 15.1%(16/106),56.6%(60/106),21.7(23/106) and 26.4%(28/106),respectively.The expression of CD10 and bcl-6 was associated with favorable OS(P =0.001 and 0.041,respectively),whereas the expression of CD138 was associated with unfavorable OS(P =0.003).Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,algorithm-1 and-4 were almost at the same level for prognosis of OS(OR = 0.259,0.255) and PFS(OR = 0.248,0.244). Conclusions Both Hans's algorithm and Colombo's algorithm including CD138 detection are associated with the prognosis of DLBCL patients.The two algorithms have similar OR value according to Cox analysis.However,positive expression of CD138 is of minor significance in prediction of the prognosis in DLBCL patients.     

瘦素受体和磷酸化信号转导与转录激活因子3在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及其意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨瘦素受体（OBR）和磷酸化信号转导与转录激活因子（p-STAT3）在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）中的表达及其与DLBCL免疫表型和临床特征的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测80例DLBCL和10例反应性增生淋巴结（RLH）组织中OBR和p-STAT3的表达,并应用免疫组织化学方法检测DLBCL的CD20、CD10、bcl-6、Mum-1免疫标志,根据Hans分型方法将DLBCL分为生发中心B细胞样（GCB）型和非生发中心B细胞样（non-GCB）型。结果　OBR和p-STAT3在DLBCL中的高表达率分别为45.0 %（36／80）和28.8 %（23／80）,在RLH中均低表达,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。p-STAT3在non-GCB型中高表达率为36.8 %（21／57）,明显高于GCB型的8.7 %（2／23）（P＜0.05）,OBR与DLBCL的免疫表型无关（P＞0.05）。OBR及p-STAT3在DLBCL临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期中的高表达率分别为61.9 %（13／21）和38.1 %（8／21）,高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期[46.2 %（18／39）和25.6 %（10／39）],但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。OBR和p-STAT3的表达与患者年龄、性别、结外浸润、乳酸脱氢酶水平、B症状及国际预后指数（IPI）评分无关（P＞0.05）。OBR和p-STAT3在DLBCL中的表达呈正相关（r＝0.232,P＝0.039）。结论　OBR可激活JAK-STAT信号途径、促进STAT3磷酸化过程,其可能参与DLBCL的发病和non-GCB型DLBCL的进展。     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫表型及临床参数与其预后的关系

目的探讨采用R-CHOP方案治疗的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的免疫表型及临床参数与其预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法,检测57例DLBCL中CD10、bcl-6、MUMl和CD5的表达,根据Hans分型将其分为GCB型和non-GCB型。结果 57例DLBCL中表达CD10、bcl-6、MUM1和CD5分别有9例(15.8%)、36例(63.2%)、34例(59.6%)、4例(7.0%);GCB型17例(29.8%)、non-GCB型40例(70.2%)。57例DLBCL中死亡19例,GCB型预后与non-GCB型相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.132);CD5阳性患者死亡率高,但与CD5阴性者相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.594)。Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和年龄>60岁DLBCL患者死亡率高(P=0.001、P=0.017)。结论应用R-CHOP方案治疗的DLBCL其预后与患者年龄和肿瘤临床分期有关,与Hans分型无关。     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤原发部位和预后与免疫分型的相关性研究

目的:探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)原发部位和临床预后与免疫分型的关系.方法:收集经病理证实的DLBCL病检存档石蜡包埋组织标本53例,应用组织芯片免疫组化方法通过测定CD10、BCL-6和MUM1的表达,将DLBCL分为GCB型和non-GCB型.结果:经免疫学分型后,GCB型占45.3%(24/53),non-GCB型占54.7%(29/53);原发于淋巴结内23例,其中GCB型14例,non-GCB型9例;原发于淋巴结外30例,GCB型占10例,低于淋巴结内组中所占的比例,二者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);完全缓解(CR)的DLBCL患者中,GCB型17例,non-GCB型12例,两种分型的缓解率有显著性差异(P<0.05);生存分析显示GCB型患者与non-GCB型存在明显的差异,GCB患者的生存期长于non-GCB患者.结论:53例DLBCL中,non-GCB型DLBCL在结外的发生率显著高于结内,原发于结外患者多数为non-GCB型;GCB型DLBCL患者的预后明显优于non-GCB型.     

Choi和Hans分型在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤预后评价中的意义

 目的　探讨Choi和Hans分型在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）预后评价中的意义。方法　收集山西省肿瘤医院病理科有详细随访资料的DLBCL 99例,用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测bcl-2、bcl-6、CD10、FOXP1、GCET1、MUM-1的表达情况。根据Choi和Hans两种分类法分别将所有病例分型。其中35例应用荧光原位杂交技术检测bcl-6基因重排情况。结果　按Hans分类法生发中心B细胞（GCB）型21例,非GCB（nonGCB）型78例;按Choi分类法GCB型23例,nonGCB型76例。GCB型生存率明显优于nonGCB型,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.000）。FOXP1蛋白阳性表达与预后呈负相关（P＝0.011）,GCET1阳性表达则与预后呈正相关（P＝0.027）。在35例DLBCL患者中,bcl-6基因重排阳性高发于nonGCB型患者,bcl-6基因重排与bcl-6蛋白的表达没有明显相关性。结论　Choi和Hans两种分类法免疫分型GCB型预后都优于nonGCB型。bcl-6、FOXP1、GCET1的表达与预后有相关性。Choi及Hans分类法对DLBCL的免疫分型、临床预后估计均有应用价值。     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤分子亚型的细胞核形态参数的差异

目的通过图像分析观察中心母细胞型弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（CB—DLBCL）分子亚型之间的细胞核的形态是否存在差异。方法先采用免疫组化方法将CB,DLBCL分为生发中心B细胞样组（GCB）和非生发中心B细胞样组（non-GCB）两组,然后通过图像分析对两组细胞核的形态参数进行对比分析。结果GCB与non—GCB的11项细胞核形态参数之间均存在差异,差异有非常显著的统计学意义（P值〈0．01）。其中截面积以GCB高于non-GCB,截面周长、截面长径、截面短径和截面平均直径以non．GCB高于GCB。描述细胞核的形状不规则程度的异型指数allotype index、圆偏度circular skewness、圆球度sphericity、圆形因子spherical factor、规化形状因子normalized shapefactor和形状因子ARshape factor AR均显示,non—GCB细胞核的不规则程度显著大于GCB。结论本文证实non—GCB与GCB的细胞核形态参数存在显著差异,前者细胞核的不规则程度明显大于后者。这与non-GCB临床预后较差相符合。     

免疫分型标记物和CD43在非特指弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨免疫分型标记物和CD43在非特指弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL NOS)中的表达及其临床意义.方法 收集120例DLBCL NOS临床病理资料进行分析.采用免疫组化法检测CD10、bcl-6、MUM-1和CD43的表达,根据Hans分型将其分为GCB型和non-GCB型.结果 120例DLBCL,NOS中GCB型和non-GCB型分别为38例和82例,Hans分型与DLBCL NOS预后无关(P＞0.05).120例DLBCL NOS中CD43阳性33例(27.5％),CD43表达与性别、临床分期和免疫分型均无关(P＞0.05),与年龄(P=0.036)和生存状态(P=0.004)有关.结论 DLBCL NOS预后差与CD43阳性表达有关,与Hans分型无关.     

Array‐comparative genomic hybridization profiling of immunohistochemical subgroups of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma shows distinct genomic alterations

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) displays striking heterogeneity at the clinical, genetic and molecular levels. Subtypes include germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL and activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, according to microarray analysis, and germinal center type or non-germinal center type by immunohistochemistry. Although some reports have described genomic aberrations based upon microarray classification system, genomic aberrations based upon immunohistochemical classifications have rarely been reported. The present study aimed to ascertain the relationship between genomic aberrations and subtypes identified by immunohistochemistry, and to study the pathogenetic character of Chinese DLBCL. We conducted immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 in 59 samples of DLBCL from Chinese patients, and then performed microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization for each case. Characteristic genomic differences were found between GCB and non-GCB DLBCL from the array data. The GCB type was characterized by more gains at 7q (7q22.1, P < 0.05) and losses at 16q (P ≤ 0.05), while the non-GCB type was characterized by gains at 11q24.3 and 3q13.2 (P < 0.05). We found completely different mutations in BCL6+ and BCL6− non-GCB type DLBCL, whereby the BCL6− group had a higher number of gains at 1q and a loss at 14q32.13 (P ≤ 0.005), while the BCL6+ group showed a higher number of gains at 14q23.1 (P = 0.15) and losses at 6q (P = 0.07). The BCL6− group had a higher frequency of genomic imbalances compared to the BCL6+ group. In conclusion, the BCL6+ and BCL6− non-GCB type of DLBCL appear to have different mechanisms of pathogenesis.     

The GCB subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is less frequent in Asian countries

Patients with the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have a significantly better survival rate than those with non-GCB DLBCL. Several studies have examined the proportions of GCB and non-GCB subtypes in large series of DLBCL patients, but it remains unclear if these proportions are the same in different countries. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the numbers of GCB and non-GCB subtypes in a large number of patients with DLBCL in Japan and compared the results with literature data for other countries. We found that 71 of 248 patients (29%) had the GCB phenotype and 177 patients (71%) had the non-GCB subtype of DLBCL among our patient population. Assessment of data collected from other studies showed that 31% of DLBCL patients (102/330) have the GCB subtype in Asian countries, but 50% (206/416) express GCB phenotypes in Western countries; based on these data, the occurrence of the GCB subtype of DLBCL was significantly less in Asian countries (p<0.001). Since patients with the GCB phenotype of DLBCL have better survival, future studies of DLBCL should recognize the difference in the proportions of GCB and non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL between Asian and Western populations.     

R-CHOP regimen can significantly decrease the risk of disease relapse and progression in patients with non-germinal center B-cell subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-celllymphoma (DLBCL), 159 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were studied retrospectively based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2. Altogether, 110 patients underwent the CHOP-like regimen, and rituximab was added for the other 49 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the CHOP-like regimen, the rituximab-based regimen (R-CHOP regimen)significantly decreased the risk of disease relapse and progression in CD10-negative patients (P=0.001),Bcl-6-negative patients (P=0.01), and MUM-1-positive patients (P=0.003). The risk of disease relapse in patients with non-GCB subtype (P=0.002) also decreased. In contrast, patients with the opposite immunohistochemical marker expression profile and GCB subtype did not benefit from treatment with the R-CHOP regimen. In addition, non-GCB subtype patients had a significantly higher expression rate of Bcl-2 than GCB subtype patients (P=0.042). Although univariate analysis found that both Bcl-2-positive and-negative patients had significantly higher event-free survival rates with the R-CHOP regimen, only Bcl-2 positivity (P=0.004) maintained significance in the Cox regression analysis. We conclude that the addition of rituximab can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with non-GCB subtype DLBCL, which is closely related to the expression of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2.     

Large cleaved and immunoblastic lymphoma may represent two distinct clinicopathologic entities within the group of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

PURPOSE: The reliability of immunohistochemistry for subdividing diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB prognostic subgroups is debated. In this study we evaluated the prognostic significance of such subgrouping on a series of 153 DLBCL patients. Furthermore, we investigated whether both subgroups could comprise clinicopathologic entities recognized by their morphology and characterized by a distinct phenotype, specific genetic abnormalities, and clinical characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All samples from patients were reviewed and morphologically subdivided into large cleaved, immunoblastic, and not otherwise specified DLBCL. GCB and non-GCB immunohistochemical profiles were established. The presence of chromosomal translocations involving BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and/or rearrangements of these genes was investigated. RESULTS: Subdividing DLBCL with either a GCB or non-GCB immunophenotypic profile was not of prognostic significance. Nevertheless, CD10 expression was a predictor of favorable outcome, whereas high bcl-2 expression and BCL6 rearrangement were adverse predictors of disease-free survival. Interestingly, large cleaved DLBCL was clearly associated with a GCB immunophenotypic profile, CD10 expression, BCL2 rearrangement, age younger than 60 years, and low to low/intermediate International Prognostic Index risk, but was not of prognostic significance. In contrast, immunoblastic morphology was associated with a non-GCB profile and was a significant predictor of unfavorable DFS. CONCLUSION: Subdividing DLBCL into subgroups based on their immunohistochemical profile was not of prognostic significance. Nevertheless, it allowed the additional characterization of two lymphoma subgroups previously recognized in the Working Formulation. Both correspond to two distinct clinicopathologic entities within the DLBCL.     

Evaluation of BCL-6, CD10, CD138 and MUM-1 Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients: CD138 is a Marker of Poor Prognosis

The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) encompasses two major groups of tumors with uneven survivaloutcomes - germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB). In the present study, weinvestigated the expression of GCB markers (BCL-6 and CD10) and non-GCB markers (CD138 and MUM-1) in an effort to evaluate their prognostic value. Paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies of 46 Jordanian DLBCLpatients were analyzed, retrospectively, by immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of BCL-6, CD10,CD138 and MUM-1. In addition, survival curves were calculated with reference to marker expression, age, sexand nodal involvement. Positive expression of BCL-6, CD10, CD138 and MUM-1 was shown in 78%, 61%,39% and 91% of the cases, respectively, that of BCL-6 being associated with better overall survival (p = 0.02),whereas positive CD138 was linked with poor overall survival (p = 0.01). The expression of CD10 and MUM-1 had no impact on the overall survival. Among the clinical characteristics studied, diagnosis at an early age,nodal involvement and maleness were associated with a higher overall survival for DLBCL patients. Our resultsunderline the importance of BCL-6 as a marker of better prognosis and CD138 as a marker of poor prognosisfor DLBCL patients.     

Cell of origin fails to predict survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes two prognostically important subtypes, the germinal center B-cell (GCB) and the non-GCB types. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical approaches for predicting the survival of patients with DLBCL following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). We identified 62 patients with DLBCL who either had an initial complete remission (17 patients) or received salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory disease (45 patients), followed by AHSCT. Tissue microarrays were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against GCET1, CD10, BCL6, MUM1, FOXP1 and LMO2. Using the Hans algorithm, we classified 50% of the cases as GCB type, whereas the Choi algorithm classified 58% as GCB type and LMO2 was positive in 69%. However, no significant differences were found in the 5-year overall or event-free survivals using any of these approaches. In conclusion, cell of origin fails to predict survival of DLBCL patients treated with AHSCT.     

Molecular Subtypes,Apoptosis and Proliferation Status in Indonesian Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cases

Objective: The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has two major molecular subtypes, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB. These have differing behavior which affects overall patient survival. However, immunohistochemistry based molecular subtyping of Indonesian DLBCLs has been limited. This was the focus of the present study, with a focus of attention on the apoptotic index (AI) and the proliferation index (PI) of the two molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: During the study period of 3.5 years, a total of 98 cases of DLBCL were identified. Molecular subtypes and PI were determined by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL method was used to determine the AI. Result: GCB accounted for 31 cases (31.6%) and non-GCB the remainder (68.4%). Gender showed a slight male predominance (54 cases, 55.1%), with a higher incidence in the extra-nodal region (57 cases, 58.2%). The AI and PI were significantly higher in GCB (pConclusion: The findings indicate that the non-GCB subtype is more common than GCB in Indonesian DLBCL. GCB features significantly higher PI and AI, which themselves appear linked.