腹腔镜胆囊切除术前磁共振胰胆管成像显示胆囊三角的检查方案优化探讨

目的通过比较7个磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)序列在不同患者配合度的情况下胆囊三角的空间显示图像质量,优化MRCP检查方案。方法对100例患者行7个成像序列的MRCP检查,根据患者不同的屏气(B)与呼吸触发(R)配合度(1～3级)分成B1R1、B1R2、B1R3、B2R1、B2R2、B2R3、B3R1、B3R2、B3R3组,共9组。由2名放射科医师使用双盲法对重建后胆囊三角图像质量进行评价,并进行统计学分析。结果 9组7个MRCP成像序列重建后胆囊三角图像质量评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。B1R1组、B1R2组及B1R3组Fiesta 3DB图像质量最佳;B2R1组、B2R2组Fiesta 3DB、FRFSE 3DB、FRFSE 3DR图像质量好;B2R3组Fiesta 3DB、FRFSE 3DB图像质量好;B3R1组、B3R2组FRFSE 3DR图像质量最好;B3R3组FRFSE 3DB、SSFSE 2DB Thk图像质量好。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术前MRCP检查显示胆囊三角的最佳方案为:屏气配合度1级首选Fiesta 3DB;屏气配合度2级,呼吸配合度1级或2级的可选用FRFSE3DR、Fiesta 3DB、FRFSE 3DB,呼吸配合度3级的可选用Fiesta 3DB、FRFSE 3DB;屏气配合度3级,呼吸配合度1级及2级的采用FRFSE 3DR,呼吸配合度3级的可选用FRFSE 3DB、SSFSE 2DB Thk。     

早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆囊炎中的应用研究

目的探讨早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆囊炎中的临床应用,比较早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(early cholecystectomy,ELC)和延期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(delayedcholecystectomy,DLC)两种治疗方式的效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学大兴教学医院2015年1月至2019年12月收治的急性胆囊炎的102例患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为两组,ELC组52例(发病72小时内手术),DLC组50例(发病72小时后手术),对比两组手术的手术时间、中转开腹率、手术出血量、住院时间、住院费用、手术后并发症发生率。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量差异无显著性(P>0.05),ELC组住院天数、住院费用低于DLC组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),两组并发症相比较,差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎在有丰富临床经验的医师的前提下是安全有效可行的,并不增加术后并发症的发生,可以减少住院时间,降低平均住院费用。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的：为评价ＬＣ在ＡＣ时应用的安全性和有效性。方法：本文总结了１９９５年５月到１９９６年５月４６例ＡＣ患者应用ＬＣ的结果，并与同期４５７例择期ＬＣ比较。结果：４６列ＡＣ中４２例ＬＣ成功，与同期择期ＬＣ的成功率无显著差别。但ＡＣ病例中ＬＣ所需时间较长，二者并发症发生率基本相同。结论：ＬＣ适合于大多数ＡＣ患者，但必须有经验的外科医生完成。     

急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的　探讨急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)的可靠性与安全性。方法　通过回顾性分析的方法 ,对比研究急诊开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)与急诊LC的相关指标。结果　 2组病例术前通过APACHEⅡ评估系统进行评估 ,慢性健康状况指标无显著差异 ;术前疾病诊断的严重度无显著差异。急诊LC组与OC组的手术时间分别为 (77 2 0± 18 97)和 (72 15± 13 5 2 )min ,腹腔引流率为 14 0 3%和 13 98% ,并发症发生率为 16 6 7%和 17 2 0 % ,但LC组并发症严重度高于OC组 ,住院时间为 (6 5±3 15 )和 (11 0 4± 3 94 )d。结论　急诊LC有一定的难度和潜在的危险性 ,但对有经验和熟练腹腔镜技术的术者 ,急性胆囊炎不是腹腔镜手术的禁忌症 ,手术中细致操作 ,准确判断 ,适时中转开腹手术 ,急诊LC是安全和可靠的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆囊炎中的临床探讨

作者1998年3月~2005年5月共实施169例急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),效果满意,现报告如下。1临床资料本组169例,男35例,女134例,年龄20~85岁,平均37岁。均有右上腹疼痛或剑突下疼痛,发病至手术时间1~12 d,平均6 d。其中伴寒战发热119例,右肩及右肩胛下区放射痛146例。体格检查:体温大于37.4度以上110例,均有Murphy征阳性,92例右上腹反跳痛及肌紧张。实验室检查:WBC(10~20)×10927例,彩超提示:胆囊8.4~13 cm,平均9.5 cm;壁增厚0.4~1.1 cm,平均0.5 cm。结石单发73例,多发结石96例。129例提示胆囊颈部结石嵌顿,未见肝内外胆管扩张。诊断:…     

超声刀在急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的　探讨超声刀在急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中的应用价值。方法　 96例急性胆囊炎或慢性胆囊炎急性发作、胆囊结石患者 ,随机分为高频电刀组和超声刀组 ,每组 48例 ,比较两组行腹腔镜手术的临床效果。结果　高频电刀组和超声刀组均无术中及术后并发症或术后出血。超声刀组平均手术时间 ( 5 6.8± 2 5 .6min)和平均出血量 ( 17.8±5 .4ml)均少于高频电刀组 ( 79.6± 3 0 .4min、2 6.2± 6.2ml) ,二者差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　超声刀切割精确 ,凝血功能强 ,组织损伤小 ,它有助于提高LC的临床疗效 ,是一种重要的腹腔镜手术设备 ,具有广阔的应用前景。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中某些特殊情况的处理办法。方法：分析总结该院的7例胆囊大部切除术的原因、方法、经验和体会。结果：7例手术顺利，无术后出血、胆瘘及肝外胆管损伤，平均手术时间46min（30－65min),术后恢复顺利，无严重并发症，仅1例并发穿刺孔感染，术后平均住院时间3．5d(2-5)d，随访时间3－12个月，无症状复发，效果满意。结论：在化脓性胆囊炎或胆囊三角严重粘连疤痕化等不能够常规行胆囊切除的病人，行腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术简便而安全可行，不但能够达到胆囊切除的目的，又能减少肝外胆管和血管损伤，避免了中转开腹；但必须严格掌握适应证，正确处理胆囊残余部分。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析该院2000年10月8～2009年10月行LC的181例急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料.结果 该组LC成功率84.5%(153/181),中转开腹率15.5%(28/181),并发症发生率2.8%(5/181).术中行胆管造影27例,其中,8例有阳性发现.结论 急性胆囊炎行LC术是安全可行的,正确处理胆囊三角是关键,术中胆管造影,适时中转开腹可减少并发症的发生.     

急性胆囊炎在腹腔镜下胆囊切除术

目的：探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜的手术价值。方法：应用腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆囊炎107例。结果：因粘连、出血、胆管损伤中转开腹3例，切口感染4例，无围手术期死亡。结论：掌握急性胆囊炎的手术适应征，选择手术时机，手术操作方法是手术成功的关键，能有效地降低并发症，提高手术成功率。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的：为评价LC在AC时应用的安全性和有效性。方法：本文总结了1995年5月到1996年5月46例AC患者应用LC的结果，并与同期457例择期LC比较。结果：46例AC中42例LC成功，与同期择期LC的成功率无显著差别。但AC病例中LC所需时间较长，二者并发症发生率基本相同。结论：LC适合于大多数AC患者，但必须有经验的外科医生完成。     

Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in choledocholithiasis and to determine whether use of MRCP may eliminate the need for purely diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 116 patients with suspected biliopancreatic pathology were studied prospectively between November 1996 and February 1998. Choledocholithiasis was initially suspected in 61 patients and rated before ERCP and MRCP as being of low, intermediate, or high probability based on clinical, laboratory, and/or imaging findings (Cotton criteria). RESULTS: The sensitivity of choledocholithiasis diagnosis was 91%, with a global efficacy of 90%. The level of duct stone obstruction was visualized in all patients. Suprastenotic dilatation also showed a good correlation to ERCP. Choledocholithiasis was found in 32 patients (65%) and 3 patients (33%) in the high- and intermediate-probability groups, respectively. None of the low-probability patients had choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed for only a diagnostic (not therapeutic) purpose in 3 patients (6%) and 2 patients (22%) of the high- and intermediate-probability cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography seems to be effective in diagnosing choledocholithiasis. It plays a fundamental role in patients with a low or intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis, contributing to the avoidance of purely diagnostic ERCP.     

Pancreaticobiliary disorders: comparison between magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography images before and after fentanyl injection

Objective

This study was designed to determine the effects of intravenous fentanyl on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography image quality in the treatment of pancreaticobiliary disorders.

Materials and methods

Forty consecutive patients referred for the evaluation of pancreaticobiliary disorders underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the coronal and oblique–coronal planes before and after fentanyl injection (every 2 up to 9 min). The images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Diameter and signal intensity were measured at the widest point and distal to the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct.

Results

The mean common bile duct diameters at the widest and distal points and mean pancreatic duct diameter were measured 7.53, 4.72, and 2.14 and 8.33, 5.35, and 2.57 before and after fentanyl injection, respectively. Mean signal intensity at the widest and distal point of the common bile duct and mean pancreatic duct signal intensity measured 278, 199, and 113 and 296, 218, and 121 before and after fentanyl injection, respectively. Minor improvements in image quality were detected qualitatively.

Conclusion

Fentanyl injection improves images qualitatively and quantitatively. In agreement with previous studies, our results confirm the beneficial effects of fentanyl as a simple adjunct to traditional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.     

急诊腹腔镜治疗结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎的体会

目的：总结探讨急诊行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎的可行性 方法：回顾性分析本院212例急性胆囊结石嵌顿行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料 结果 行急诊LC治疗 ，207例手术成功（97.7%），5例中转，中转率：2.3％，术后无胆漏、腹腔出血、感染等并发症 结论 严格手术适应证,完善术前准备, 选择手术时机，正确手术操作，术中常规腹腔引流，急诊LC治疗结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎是安全可行的。     

老年患者急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术的疗效评价

目的探讨70岁以上老年患者的急性胆囊炎、胆囊结石经腹腔镜手术效果。方法该院自1995年1月～2004年1月，行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)4136例，其中老年患者572例，因急性胆囊炎、胆囊结石急诊行LC的老年患者112例。结果该组112例患者，8例因为胆囊与周围组织粘连较严重无法分离，胆囊萎缩或胆囊管解剖不清中转开腹手术。104例顺利行LC。其中1例术后出现胆漏，鼻胆管引流好转，平均住院7、5d。结论对老年急性胆囊炎、胆囊结石患者，在控制好心血管等疾病的同时及旱行LC。     

急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除时术中胆道造影35例分析

目的:探讨急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)时行术中胆道造影对胆总管结石的诊断价值,了解IOC在急诊LC时的可行性和安全性。方法:37例术前B超或CT未发现胆总管结石的急性胆囊炎病例行LC,均行经胆囊管胆道造影。结果:35例胆道造影成功,发现3例胆总管结石病例,分别为4mm、3mm、3mm大小,于术后行内镜取石成功。该组病例中无胆道损伤,发生1例与胆道造影无关的轻微胆漏。结论:急性胆囊炎行LC时,并发隐匿性胆管结石的情况值得重视,IOC在急诊LC时对胆管结石的诊断是安全可行的。     

Evaluation of the usefulness of cystic duct three-dimensional computed tomography with non-contrast for before laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage in comparison to magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to evaluate whether anatomical variations of the cystic duct and accessory bile duct can be grasped by cystic duct three-dimensional (3D)-computed tomography (CT) using non-contrast CT and to examine the possibility of omitting magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).MethodsOf patients who underwent non-contrast abdominal CT between May and October 2019, those who underwent MRCP within 1 month before and afterwards were targeted. Seven assessors visually evaluated the cystic duct 3D-CT images on a 5-point scale. Average scores of ≥3 and <3 points were assigned as the good and poor groups, respectively. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed inside the cystic duct and four places around it, and the CT values in those ROIs were measured. The CT value difference was calculated by subtracting the surrounding CT values from the CT value in the cystic duct and converting the result to an absolute value. The CT value difference was classified into good and poor groups, and statistical analysis was performed. Seven assessors evaluated anatomical variations of the cystic duct and the presence of the accessory bile duct. The results were compared with the MRCP interpretation results to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.ResultsThe average visual evaluation score was 3.8. The good and poor groups were comprised by 53 (85.5%) and 9 (14.5%) patients, respectively. The CT difference value averages were 54.7 and 15.9 for the good and poor groups, respectively, and the value was significantly higher in the good group (p = 0.001). The comparison results with MRCP were sensitivity=83.3%, specificity=78.0%, positive predictive value=47.6%, and negative predictive value=95.1%.ConclusionCystic duct 3D-CT using non-contrast CT is a useful technique for understanding anatomical variations of the cystic duct and accessory bile duct. Our method may reduce the number of MRCP sessions performed.     

超声检查在急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术前的应用价值

目的 评价术前超声检查对预测腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎难度的价值。方法 对180例因急性胆囊炎接受LC的患者,术前超声检查综合分析胆囊轮廓、胆囊颈部、囊壁厚度、囊壁回声、囊内回声情况,评估胆囊周围、Calot三角区的粘连程度,并与手术病理进行对照。结果 超声检查综合性评估胆囊与周围组织粘连程度的敏感度为92.78%(90/97),特异度为93.98%(78/83),准确率为93.33%(168/180)。结论 术前超声检查对预测LC治疗急性胆囊炎的难度有重要价值。     

急性胆囊炎患者的急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 比较对于急性胆囊炎患者行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ELC)、早期保守治疗和延期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(DLC)的优劣.方法 回顾性分析2002年4月～2005年10月接受ELC及DLC手术的急性胆囊炎患者共126例.结果 两组患者在平均手术时间、平均麻醉时间、术后住院时间等方面差异均无显著性(P＞0.05),而在总住院时间、术后并发病及总体费用方面,ELC较DLC均显示有明显的优势(P＜0.05).结论 对于急性胆囊炎患者,早期诊断,在发病72h内施行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术不论从可操作性、安全性,还是从费用上均可比于甚至优于延期腹腔镜手术.