不同剂量阿司匹林对急性脑梗死患者rt-PA溶栓治疗后出血转化的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿司匹林对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者重组人组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗后出血性转化(HT)的影响。方法选取2014年8月-2017年8月收治的ACI患者60例作为研究对象,均于4.5h内进行rt-PA溶栓治疗,溶栓24h后使用阿司匹林,根据阿司匹林给药剂量分为低剂量组(150mg·d~(-1),32例)和高剂量组(300mg·d~(-1),28例),采用NIHSS评分评估2组患者溶栓前和溶栓24h、7d、14d神经功能缺损程度,采用改良Rankin量表评估患者90d预后,统计2组治疗期间HT及其他出血并发症发生率。结果 2组溶栓24h、7d、14d NIHSS评分均较溶栓前下降(P0.05);2组溶栓24h、7d、14d NIHSS评分比较无差异(P0.05);低剂量组HT发生率为6.25%与高剂量组的10.71%比较无差异(P0.05);低剂量组出血并发症发生率为12.50%,低于高剂量组的35.71%(P0.05);2组患者90d预后比较无差异(P0.05)。结论 ACI患者rt-PA溶栓24h后分别给予150mg·d~(-1)、300mg·d~(-1)阿司匹林对其神经功能改善、近期预后及HT发生率无影响,但高剂量阿司匹林会增加其他出血并发症发生风险。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中后出血性转化的影响因素分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后出血性转化(HT)的影响因素。方法选取2015-01—2017-07作者医院收治的经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者348例,根据阿替普酶静脉溶栓后是否发生HT将患者分为出血组和未出血组。回顾性收集所有研究对象的临床资料(人口统计学、血管危险因素和实验室检查指标等),采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨ALS经阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后发生HT的独立危险因素。结果出血组32例,未出血组316例。两组患者间基线血糖、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间、心房颤动史、溶栓24h后收缩压以及抗血小板药物服用史差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,基线血糖(OR=3.781,95%CI:1.851~11.765)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=2.678,95%CI:1.384~10.441)、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间(OR=2.436,95%CI:1.324~4.488)、心房颤动史(OR=4.538,95%CI:2.036~14.132)和溶栓24h后收缩压(OR=1.581,95%CI:1.071~6.415)是发生HT的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论基线血糖、基线NIHSS评分、发病至静脉溶栓治疗时间、心房颤动史和溶栓24h后收缩压是脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后发生HT的危险因素。     

前后循环小卒中静脉溶栓的有效性及安全性对比研究

目的对比前、后循环急性缺血性小卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(alteplase rt-PA)静脉溶栓的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的335例急性缺血性小卒中患者的临床资料,其中前循环缺血性小卒中(ACMS)245例,后循环(PCMS)90例,通过分析患者入院时、24 h及14 d NIHSS评分,90 d mRS评分,早期症状改善率,临床症状恶化率,90 d功能独立率,症状性颅内出血及90 d死亡情况,比较2组临床疗效及安全性。结果 ACMS组24 h NIHSS评分(2.5±0.98 vs 3.4±1.01)、90 d mRS评分(0.8±0.56 vs 1.5±0.68)、临床症状恶化率(6.12%vs 13.3%)显著低于PCMS组(P0.05),早期症状改善率(68.1%vs 48.9%)、功能性独立率(91.4%vs 80%)及出血转化率(2.44%vs 0)显著高于PCMS组(P0.05);2组90 d病死率均为0。结论前循环缺血性小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓有效性优于后循环,但后循环缺血性小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓安全性优于前循环;小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓可能是安全有效的。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗预后的影响因素研究

目的研究急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗的预后影响因素及独立预后影响因素。方法筛选2018年7月至2019年6月接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的125例AIS患者进行分析研究。将接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗90 d后采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)0～1分预后良好患者设为预后良好组,mRS 2～5分为预后不良设为预后不良组。对两组患者的临床资料进行统计学处理,分析AIS患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的预后影响因素。采用多因素Logistic回归分析判断AIS患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的独立预后影响因素。结果两组静脉溶栓操作过程中及溶栓治疗后无出血等不良反应。两组患者的年龄、发病至溶栓时间间隔、糖化血红蛋白指数、累计吸烟量、溶栓前NIHSS评分、溶栓期间平均动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、溶栓前NIHSS评分和溶栓期间平均动脉压是rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的独立预后影响因素(P0.05)。结论患者年龄、发病至溶栓时间间隔、糖化血红蛋白指数、累计吸烟量、溶栓前NIHSS评分、溶栓期间平均动脉压可影响AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的预后;年龄、溶栓前NIHSS评分和溶栓期间平均动脉压是AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的独立预后影响因素。     

基层医院rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床分析

目的探讨基层医院rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的溶栓流程及临床疗效。方法以2011-02—2013-07我院收治的41例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为溶栓组和对照组,分别进行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗和常规治疗,比较2组临床疗效、溶栓前、溶栓后12h、7d、14d2组NIHSS评分、不良反应及病死率。结果溶栓组17例,总有效率94.12%;对照组24例,总有效率83.33%。2组疗效比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。溶栓前,2组NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。溶栓后12h、7d、14d2组NIHSS评分均明显降低,且组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组泌尿道出血及牙龈出血差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组非症状性灶内出血差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基层医院使用rtPA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,患者NIHSS评分得到明显改善,安全性高。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及安全性.方法 将发病<3 h的ACI患者30例分为rt-PA组与对照组;在给予常规脑梗死药物治疗的基础上,rt-PA组给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,对照组给予奥扎格雷钠治疗.治疗前后分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)及Barthel指数(BI)评价并比较两组的疗效及安全性.结果 两组治疗后NIHSS评分较治疗前明显改善,rt-PA组较对照组改善更显著(P<0.05～0.01);治疗21 d时rt-PA组显效率(80%)及BI≥95分的比率(40%)显著高于对照组(20%,0)(均P<0.01);两组病死率、继发性脑出血及血管再闭塞发生率的差异无统计学意义.结论 ACI发病3 h内给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗较奥扎格雷钠更有效,且相对安全.     

rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效分析

目的研究发病4.5h内的急性脑梗死患者使用rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效。方法 2015-06—2016-12收治的发病4.5h内急性脑梗死患者125例,分为溶栓组65例和对照组60例。溶栓组给予rt-PA静脉溶栓及脑梗死常规治疗,对照组给予阿司匹林及其他常规治疗。2组分别在治疗前和治疗后24h和7d进行NIHSS评分。结果治疗前后溶栓组的NIHSS评分改善明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者发病在4.5h内应用rt-PA静脉溶栓有显著临床疗效。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性

目的研究重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉给药溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法回顾性分析发病在4.5h内,具有溶栓指征的急性脑梗死患者105例,其中对照组56例仅给予抗血小板聚集、调脂稳定斑块等常规治疗方案,观察组49例给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,24h后若无明显出血,开始给予脑梗死常规治疗。比较2组治疗后90d美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数(BI)评分及改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分改善情况,以评价rt-PA治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组溶栓后2h、24h、7d时NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组90d时mRS评分显示预后良好的患者较对照组明显增多,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组90d时Barthel指数评分明显升高(P0.05)。虽然观察组总体出血事件较对照组增高(P0.05);但2组症状性脑出血比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论发病4.5h以内,静脉给予rt-PA溶栓治疗急性脑梗死具有显著的临床疗效,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

体外溶栓试验确定急性脑梗死治疗中rt-PA用量的研究

目的应用体外溶栓试验确定急性脑梗死重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓剂量,了解个体化rt-PA治疗的有效性及安全性。方法对发病6h内的急性脑梗死(ACI)患者,根据体外溶栓试验中处于溶栓状态的rt-PA剂量作为个体化溶栓治疗剂量,进行溶栓治疗,监测患者溶栓前及溶栓后24h自然状态体外血栓长度、湿质量,并于溶栓前和溶栓后2h、24h、10d进行临床神经功能缺损评分,监测并发症,并与非溶栓组比较。结果不同患者应用rt-PA溶栓治疗剂量不同,介于0.6~0.8mg;不同浓度rt-PA状态下体外血栓长度不同,随浓度增加呈逐渐缩短趋势(P0.05);溶栓后24h体外血栓长度、湿质量与溶栓前相比均降低(P0.05);2组患者治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后NIHSS评分均呈下降趋势,溶栓组溶栓后各时间点NIHSS评分均低于非溶栓组(P0.05);全部病例均无出血并发症发生。结论应用体外溶栓试验确定rt-PA用量行急性脑梗死个体化溶栓治疗安全有效。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的探讨不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA,阿替普酶)静脉治疗合并房颤的急性缺血性卒中的安全性与疗效。方法选择2017-01-2019-11在河南科技大学第一附属医院神经内科接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的70例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为实验组,选择同时期未给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的38例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组。将实验组患者随机分为低剂量组(0.6 mg/kg,A组)与标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg,B组)。记录实验组溶栓前和溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分,记录对照组入院时和入院7 d NIHSS评分,记录3组患者7 d内的颅内出血发生情况和90 d病死率,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对各组患者90 d预后进行分析。结果低剂量组和标准剂量组患者溶栓后7 d较溶栓前NIHSS评分改善率均较对照组增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。rt-PA静脉治疗后,低剂量组颅内出血发生率和90 d病死率均低于标准剂量组,但组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);低剂量组与标准剂量组90 d预后良好率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,低剂量rt-PA与标准剂量rt-PA在功能恢复方面相比无显著性差异,但具有潜在较低的脑出血率及病死率。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.