影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系的研究

目的探讨影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系。方法对136例急性大脑梗死患者于发病后24～72h内行颅脑MRI检查确定梗死部位、测量病灶大小并作出影像学分型，于发病1周内，在患者床前采用简易精神状态检查法（mini—mentalstate examination，MMSE），检测患者的认知功能，并同步进行事件相关电位P300的检测，判断患者认知功能的情况，对比分析应用MRI进行的影像学分型与认知功能关系。结果额叶、颞叶脑梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，P300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的惠者；中梗死和多发性梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，B300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者。结论影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能有相关性。     

老年急性脑梗死合并代谢综合征患者的认知损伤表现分析

目的：分析老年急性脑梗死合并代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome ,MS）患者的认知损伤表现,为减少老年急性脑梗死患者的认知损伤提供方案。方法回顾性分析我院2008-02-2013-02收治的急性脑梗死患者153例,其中急性脑梗死合并代谢综合征77例为A组,急性脑梗死患者76例为B组,比较2组认知损伤程度。结果 B组蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分（24.65±4.62）明显高于A组的倡18.58±5.59）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。主要差异体现在记忆能力、语言流.性、注意力和计算力、定向能力、抽象思维能力方面。结论老年急性脑梗死合并代谢综合征患者的认知功能损伤较单纯急性脑梗死患者损伤严重,治疗中控制好血糖、血压及血脂、体质量等,有助于改善患者认知功能。     

急性脑梗死后失语症的MRI影像学研究

目的:应用MRI检查确定急性脑梗死后失语症类型与脑梗死部位之间的关系。方法:对68例急性脑梗死后具有失语症表现患者应用汉语失语成套测验中的利手评定标准进行利手判定和汉语失语症检查进行失语症的分类,用头颅MRI确定患者的脑梗死部位及病灶体积。结果:68例急性脑梗死失语症患者均为右利手,失语症类型分别为完全性失语18例,运动性失语25例,感觉性失语7例,传导性失语7例,经皮质运动性失语7例,命名性失语4例。累及经典语言中枢的有32例,36例为非语言中枢受累。结论:急性脑梗死失语症类型与传统的失语症解剖定位不完全符合,非语言中枢梗死也可引起失语症。     

脑梗死急性期伴认知障碍患者DSA影像学特征分析

目的 探讨脑梗死急性期伴认知障碍患者DSA影像学特征。方法 选择2016年1月-2017年12月江门市人民医院神经内科住院的脑梗死急性期患者,根据脑梗死急性期蒙特利尔认知评分情况不同分为研究组(97例)、对照组(128例); 收集所有患者性别、年龄、实验室检查及全脑血管造影资料,分析脑梗死急性期伴认知障碍患者DSA影像学表现(颅内外动脉硬化、闭塞、狭窄及侧支循环情况)。结果 研究组患者关键部位脑梗死、分水岭梗死、腔隙性脑梗死及合并脑白质高信号患者更为多见,其MCA、ICA狭窄比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05); 研究组患者侧支循环不良比例明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 脑梗死急性期伴认知功能障碍患者以关键部位脑梗死、分水岭梗死、腔隙性脑梗死及合并脑白质高信号患者更为多见,其脑动脉狭窄率较无认知障碍患者明显升高。     

急性大脑梗死患者影像学分型与抑郁关系的研究

目的探讨急性大脑梗死患者影像学分型与抑郁关系。方法对144例急性大脑梗死患者于24-72h内行头颅MR1检查确定梗死部位、测量病灶大小并作出影像学分型,于入院后第2周,在患者床前采用Hamiltron（HAMD）抑郁量表进行测验,判断患者有无抑郁及抑郁的程度,对比分析MRI变化与抑郁的关系。结果在144例患者中,12例大面积脑梗死因2周后病情仍不稳定,不能配合抑郁量表评定,未能入组。其余132例患者中65（49％）例出现抑郁,统计结果显示各部位之间抑郁发生率差异有显著性意义（x^2=12．613,v=4,P=0．013）,其抑郁严重程度差异有显著性意义（x^2=19．955,v=8,P=0．011）;大小不同的梗死其抑郁的发生率之间的差异有显著性意义（x^2=12．877,v=3,P=0．005）,其抑郁严重程度差异有显著性意义（x^2=21．233,v=6．P=0．011）。结论急性大脑梗死患者抑郁的发生及其程度与影像学分型有关。     

高分辨磁共振对急性脑梗死患者的颅内动脉评估

目的 通过高分辨磁共振对急性脑梗死患者的颅内动脉评估,探索脑梗死的病因。方法 纳入2017年6月-2018年6月西安交通大学第二附属医院神经内科收治的发病1 w,且完成高分辨磁共振等血管检查的急性脑梗死患者52例,收集其年龄、性别、血糖、血脂、血压、吸烟史、同型半胱氨酸资料,根据DWI弥散受限部位,通过头部MRA确定责任血管,对责任血管应用3. 0T高分辨磁共振进行扫描。根据高分辨磁共振扫描结果分为斑块阳性组和斑块阴性组,比较两组临床资料。将斑块阳性组分为前循环组和后循环组,比较两组斑块分布特点,管壁体积百分比,血管重塑指数是否有统计学差异。结果 共纳入52例急性脑梗死患者,其中经高分辨MR发现责任血管斑块阳性组34例,斑块阴性组18例。斑块阴性组中:脑动脉夹层9例(颈内动脉夹层4例,椎动脉夹层4例,基底动脉夹层1例),烟雾病2例,血管炎1例,血管无异常组6例。本研究中经高分辨MR发现的斑块阳性组中头部MRA正常者11例(11/34),头部MRA提示管腔狭窄及闭塞者23例(23/34)。斑块阳性组与斑块阴性组在高血压(P=0. 02)及年龄(P=0. 02)比较有统计学差异。动脉斑块阳性组中前循环组12例(均为大脑中动脉);后循环组22例(基底动脉19例,椎动脉3例),前循环组与后循环组两组间在斑块分布特点(P=0. 68)、管壁体积百分比(P=0. 18)、血管重塑指数(P=0. 41)比较均无统计学差异。结论 联合高分辨磁共振对于急性脑梗死患者颅内动脉的评估有助于脑梗死病因判断。前后循环在斑块的分布、管壁体积百分比、血管重塑指数方面比较无统计学差异。     

神经节苷脂与高压氧治疗急性脑梗死后认知障碍疗效观察

我院于2009-02～2011-02采用高压氧加神经节苷脂治疗60例急性脑梗死后认知能障碍患者,取得较好疗效,现分析如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料60例患者均为我院住院的急性脑梗死患者,男32例,女28例;年龄52～73岁;病程均<2周。入组标准:符合中华医学会神经学1995年全国第四届脑血管病学术会议的脑卒中诊断标准,均经头颅CT或MRI检查确诊;无高压氧治疗禁忌证;神志清楚或经治疗后意识转清;采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)评分有认知功能障碍。60例患者中多发性梗死26例,脑叶梗死24例,基底节脑梗死10例。将60例患者随机分为神经节苷脂组、高压氧     

出血性脑梗死的MRI特征性表现及临床分析

目的探讨出血性脑梗死(HI)的MRI特征性表现及与临床关系。方法分析30例HI患者的MRI表现和临床资料。结果HI以发病2周内常见,约占76.7%。不同部位脑梗死HI的出血形态、位置不同:脑叶HI15例(50.0%),脑回状、斑片状出血位于皮层和/或皮层下白质;脑深部HI(基底节及丘脑)10例(33.3%);小脑HI4例(13.3%),斑片状、线状出血位于梗塞区内、边缘;混合型2例(6.7%)。T2*WI呈低信号。结论HI的MRI表现与脑梗死部位、面积有密切关系。T2*WI有助于HI的检出。脑梗死患者病情加重或考虑大面积脑梗死应在2周内进行影像学复查,以利于HI的早期诊断和治疗。     

脑梗死MRI表现与患者认知功能障碍及抑郁关系的研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者认知功能障碍及抑郁与病变部位的关系.方法 经MRI证实的脑梗死患者81例,按部位划分为丘脑组、内囊-基底节组、小脑组、脑干组,另选MRI表现正常者30例作为对照组.采用简易智力状态试验（MMSE）和哈金斯基缺血指数量表（HIS）及汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）量表进行测试,对所得结果进行统计学分析.结果 丘脑组、内囊-基底节组、小脑组、脑干组与对照组相比智能下降显著;内囊-基底节组HAMD得分明显高于对照组;左侧梗死组的HAMD得分与对照组相比具有显著性差异;左右两侧病灶组相比,左侧组智能明显低于右侧,两组抑郁得分无显著性差异;抑郁组的智能显著低于非抑郁组.结论 丘脑、内囊-基底节、小脑、脑干部位的梗死导致血管性痴呆,其中左侧病灶组和抑郁组患者更易发生痴呆;内囊-基底节病变组及左侧梗死患者更易患卒中后抑郁.     

急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱研究

目的研究基底节区急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱(MRS)的改变。方法应用MRS检测50例一侧基底节区梗死患者(脑梗死组)及50例其他疾病患者(对照组)双侧基底节区的N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸复合物(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值。结果脑梗死组病灶侧Cho及Cr水平均显著低于非病灶侧(均P<0.05),NAA、Lac水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值的差异无统计学意义。脑梗死组病灶侧及非病灶侧Cho、NAA及Cr水平均明显低于对照组病灶对应区(P<0.001～0.05),而Lac水平明显高于对照组病灶对应区(均P<0.05)。与对照组病灶对应区比较,脑梗死组病灶侧Cho/Cr比值显著升高,非病灶侧NAA/Cr比值显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论基底节区梗死急性期病灶侧及对侧脑组织均有明显的代谢障碍,且病灶区代谢异常较对侧更明显。     

Binswanger病、脑白质疏松症及其合并脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍

目的　探讨Binswanger病 (BD)、脑白质疏松症 (LA)及LA合并脑梗死 (LA +CI)患者的认知功能障碍程度及其临床意义。方法　采用简易精神状态量表 (MMSE)和临床记忆量表 (CMS)检查BD(33例 )、LA(2 7例 )、LA +CI(31例 )患者及健康对照者 (30名 )的认知功能状态 ,并比较其障碍的程度。结果　 (1)BD组、LA组、LA +CI组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。 (2 )BD组、LA +CI组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于LA组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。 (3)LA组轻度认知功能障碍 2 1例 (77 8% ) ;BD组中度认知功能障碍 8例 (2 4 2 % ) ,痴呆 2 5例 (75 .8% ) ;LA +CI组中度认知功能障碍 6例 (19 4 % ) ,痴呆 2 4例 (77 4 % )。结论LA大多有轻度认知功能障碍 ,而BD和LA +CI多为中度认知功能障碍和痴呆。认知功能障碍的程度是临床诊断BD、LA的参考指标。     

急性脑梗死同型半胱氨酸与神经功能缺损的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）浓度水平与神经功能缺损程度的相关性。方法采用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪测定脑梗死同型半胱氨酸的水平,神经功能缺损用中国卒中量表（GSS,1995）记分评定。结果血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的水平与脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度两者具有相关性,Hcy水平越高,GSS评分也越高,恢复期预后越差。结论急性脑梗死时患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平能反映病情的严重程度,且有助于评估患者的预后、指导治疗的意义。     

Cognitive impairment and cerebral structure by MRI in bipolar disorder

The distinction between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia customarily follows examination of the clinical symptomatology and course of illness. The presence of cognitive impairment has been held to be uncommon in bipolar disorder and more likely in schizophrenia. This study explored neuropsychological function in 30 ambulatory outpatients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (all of whom had been psychotic during manic episodes), comparing their performance with that of controls. These bipolar patients proved to have significant levels of diffusely represented cognitive impairment when compared with controls. Further, the degree of impairment was significantly correlated with reduction in midsagittal areas of brain structures measured on magnetic resonance imaging scans. The implications of these findings in relation to bipolar disorder are discussed.     

急性脑梗死患者血清脂联素水平与认知功能障碍的相关性

目的 探讨血清脂联素水平对诊断急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的价值.方法 采用整群抽样法,于2018年10月至2020年4月选取新乡医学院第二附属医院神经内科收治的141例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,分为脑梗死后认知功能障碍组(n=73)及脑梗死后无认知功能障碍组(n=68).于入院次日晨起时取患者外周静脉血,测定血清脂联素...     

Cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic impairment in scleroderma patients

Background and purposes: Neurological involvement in systemic sclerosis is unusual despite the possible cerebral localization of vascular lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performances and cerebral vasoreactivity in young scleroderma patients without any signs or symptoms of nervous system involvement. Methods: Sixteen scleroderma patients and 16 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects without vascular risk factors were included. A neuropsychological assessment for the evaluation of different areas of cognition was performed. For an assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), each subject was submitted to hypercapnia with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography using the Breath‐Holding Index (BHI). Results: Patients had significantly lower adjusted mean levels of performance with respect to controls in the Modified Card Sorting Test (P < 0.001) and in the Trail Making Test Parts A and B (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Regarding CVR, BHI values were significantly lower in patients with respect to controls: 0.82 ± 0.44 vs. 1.34 ± 0.18, P < 0.0001. Conclusions: These findings show the presence of reduced performances of executive functions in scleroderma patients. The associated alteration of CVR in the absence of other apparent causes of cerebrovascular impairment suggests that cognitive problems may be related to an alteration in cerebral perfusion regulation specifically linked to the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether cognitive changes may be positively influenced by treatments aimed to improve vessels functionality in scleroderma patients.     

Correlating cognitive impairment with carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND:Studies have demonstrated that carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis are closely associated with cognitive impairment in patients with and without clinically evident cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathological changes in carotid atherosclerosis, carotid artery stenosis, and cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction through the use of color Doppler imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present concurrent...     

Correlating cognitive impairment with carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction*★

BACKGROUND：Studies have demonstrated that carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis are closely associated with cognitive impairment in patients with and without clinically evident cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathological changes in carotid atherosclerosis, carotid artery stenosis, and cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction through the use of color Doppler imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present concurrent, non-randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Departments of Neurology and Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between November 2006 and August 2007. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-five patients with cerebral infarction, consisting of 35 males and 20 females, aged 50–82 years, were admitted to the hospital between November 2006 and August 2007 and recruited for this study. An additional 30 subjects consisting of 18 males and 12 females, aged 47–78 years, that concurrently received a health examination at the same hospital, were also included as normal controls. METHODS： Intima-media thickness （IMT）, plaque shape, size, and echo intensity of all subjects were detected by color Doppler flow imaging. Assessment criteria： IMT 〉 1.0 mm was considered to be intimal thickening, and IMT 〉 1.2 mm was determined to be formed atherosclerotic plaques. In the position of the largest plaque, the degree of carotid artery stenosis was determined by the following formula： （1-cross-sectional area of residual vascular luminal area/vascular cross-sectional area） × 100%. Less than 30% exhibited mild stenosis, 30%-40% moderate stenosis, and 〉 50% severe stenosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： IMT and the degree of carotid artery stenosis were evaluated by color Doppler flow imaging. The Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）, as well as the clinical memory scale, was compared between patients with cerebral infarction and normal controls. RESULTS： In the cerebral infarc     

磁共振弥散张量成像与急性脑梗死患者认知功能的关系

目的 利用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)评估急性脑梗死患者的认知功能.方法 分别对30例急性脑梗死患者及30名健康志愿者进行DTI检查,观察兴趣区(ROIs)表观扩散系数(ADC)及部分各向异性(FA)的变化,同时评定患者的认知功能及神经功能缺损评分,分析内在的相关性.结果 脑梗死患者组梗死区FA值、ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)明显下降,平均FA值、ADC值分别为0.12±0.01、1.08±0.11,其对侧相应部位平均FA值、ADC值为0.35±0.08、3.46±0.26,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);脑梗死患者健侧ADC、FA值与对照组相应部位对比差异无统计学意义.脑梗死同侧内囊后肢、大脑脚、皮质脊髓束与健侧相应部位相比,平均FA值明显下降(P＜0.05).脑梗死患者梗死区FA值、ADC值与认知功能呈正相关,与EDSS评分具有负相关性.结论 DTI与急性脑梗死患者认知功能具有一定的相关性,可为脑梗死患者认知功能障碍的早期诊断及早期治疗提供一些依据.     

认知功能训练联合尼莫地平对急性脑梗死认知功能障碍患者的影响

目的 探讨尼莫地平联合认知功能训练对急性脑脑梗死认知功能障碍患者的影响.方法 选择我院2007-11～2009-11急性脑梗死认知功能障碍患者81例,将以上患者随机分为2组,观察组和对照组.对照组患者给予常规神经内科治疗,同时给予物理治疗、作业治疗等.在对照组治疗基础上,观察组给予认知功能训练和尼莫地平治疗.2组患者均治疗3个月.患者治疗前和治疗3个月后,采用神经行为认知状态测试(NCSE)量表、画钟试验(CDT)、欧洲神经功能缺损评分(ESS)、Fugl-Meyer(FMA)量表、Barthel Index对患者进行评分.结果 观察组治疗3个月后NCSE总评分和画钟试验(CDT)评分分别与对照组治疗3个月后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗3个月后ESS评分、FAM评分和日常生活活动能力评分分别与对照组治疗3个月后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 尼莫地平联合认知功能训练有助于改善急性脑脑梗死后认知功能障碍,有利于提高患者的肢体运动功能和日常生活活动能力,临床效果显著,值得借鉴.