Establishment of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation （SPK） model with cuff technique and portal venous drainage in rats

To establish a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation （SPK） model in the rat. Methods： SD rats served as donors and recipients. The donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein were anastomosed and the donor renal veins and recipient renal veins were anastomosed by cuff method. Arterial reconstruction was carried out by end to side anastomosis of the donor abdominal aorta to the recipient abdominal aorta. Enteric drainage was performed by side to side anastomosis between donors＇ duodenum and recipients＇ jejunum. The donor ureter -bladder valve was anastomosed to the bladder of recipients. Results： Out of 30 cases of SPK transplantation, 24 had normal serum glucose and serum creatinine after operation. The successful rate was 80 %. Conclusion： This model of SPK in rats is stable and reliable, which could be applied for further scientific research.     

Effects of Shehuang Paste(麝黄膏) on hemodynamics, endotoxin, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites

Objective： To explore the influence of Shehuang Paste （麝黄膏, SHP） to the hemodynamics, endotoxin, nitric oxide （NO）, and endothelin-1 （ET-1） in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites. Methods： Fifty-nine cases of refractory cirrhotic ascites were randomly assigned to two groups, 32 cases in the treatment group and 27 cases in the control group. The basic treatment was the same for both groups, including liver protecting medicines, diuretics and supportive drugs, but SHP navel sticking was applied for the treatment group additionally once a day. A course of one month of treatment was applied and the general efficacy on ascites was observed by the end of the therapeutic course. Before and after the treatment, examinations by limulus lysate chromogenic test was conducted to measure plasma endotoxin content; colorimetry to measure plasma content of NO indirectly, radioimmunoassay to measure plasma ET-1 content; and color Doppler ultrasonography to measure the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein. The relationship between the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein and endotoxin, NO and ET-1 in the treatment group was analyzed as well. Results： The total effective rate on ascites was 84.4% in the treatment group, and 48. 1% in the control group, with significant difference shown between them （P〈0.01）. In the treatment group the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein, contents of endotoxin, NO and ET-1 all got significantly reduced after treatment （ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; while these indexes in the control group were not significantly changed （P〉0.05）. Moreover, it was found that in the treatment group, the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein had a positive correlation to the levels of NO, ET-1, and endotoxin, either before or after treatment. Conclusion： Application of SHP navel sticking could clearly reduce the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein, and lower the content of endotoxin, NO and ET-1. The blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein in the treatment group showed a positive correlation with the contents of endotoxin, NO and ET-1.     

Effects of portal venous arterialization on acute occlusion of hepatic artery in rats

Background A fatal complication after liver transplantation is anastomotic embolization of the hepatic artery. In order to solve this problem, the portal venous arterialization （PVA） is used to reconstruct the hepatic arterial blood flow. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of PVA on rats with acute occlusion of hepatic artery.
Methods Rat PVA models were established and then randomly divided into Group 1 （control group）, Group 2 （jaundice group）, Group 3 （bile duct recanalization group）, and Group 4 （portal vein arterilization group）. Recanalization of the common bile duct and PVA were performed 5 days after bile duct ligation in the rats. The influence of the PVA on general conditions, hepatic changes of structure and function, portal vein pressure and hepatic micrangium were observed for one month.
Results Five days after common bile duct ligation the serum bilirubin, transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased. Compared with group 1, there was a statistically significant difference （P 〈0.01）. These rats then underwent bile duct recanalization and PVA. After a month, the liver functions and microscopic structures completely returned to normal and, compared with group 1, there was no statistically significant difference in portal vein pressure （P 〉0.05）. Vascular casting samples showed that hepatic sinusoids were slightly thicker and more filled than normal ones and although they had some deformations, the hepatic sinusoids were still distributed around the central vein in radial form.
Conclusion Within a month after operation, bile duct recanalization and PVA do not show obvious adverse effects on liver hemodynamics and hepatic micrangium, and the liver function and microscopic structure can return to normal.     

Clinical Outcome of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Infusion via Hepatic Artery or Portal Vein in Patients with End-stage Liver Diseases

Objective To investigate the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell （HSC） transplantation via the hepatic artery vs. the portal vein for end-stage liver disease （ESLD）. Methods Patients with hepatic decompensation were prospectively recruited from September 2010 to September 2012 to receive HSC transplantation via the hepatic artery or the portal vein. Liver function was examined at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. Liver biopsy results were analyzed using the Knodell score. Results Eighty patients （58 males and 22 females） were enrolled in the study. The Child-Pugh score was grade B in 69 cases, and grade C in the remaining 11 cases. HSC transplantation was performed via the portal vein in 36 patients and via the hepatic artery in 44 patients. ALT levels decreased while serum albumin levels increased significantly in both groups at 6 and 12 months after HSC transplantation （P〈0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels）. Total biliruhin levels decreased significandy in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after HSC transplantation （P〈0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels）. Additionally, prothromhin time decreased in both groups at 12 months after HSC transplantation （P〈0.05 compared with pre-transplantation level）. There were no significant differences in ALT, total bilirubin and prothromhin time between the two groups either before or after transplantation. Moreover, Knodell score decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months. Histological examination showed that liver cell edema, degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation were significantly relieved at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. The incidence of portal vein thrombosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy were 1.25%, 3.75%, and 2.5% respectively. The one-year survival rate was 100%. Conclusions Autologous HSC transplantation improves liver function and histology in ESLD patients The administration route of HSC has no significant impact on the efficacy of transplantation.     

STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF PORTASYSTEMIC SHUNT ON THE FUNCTION OF HEPATIC AND PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS

The present study was aimed at dynamic observation of the ef fects of end to side portacaval shunt (PCS) and end to side mesocaval shunt (MCS) in dogs on the functions of the liver and pancreatic islet cells. According to correlation between the changes of plasma insulin level in the portal vein and hepatic flow and liver morphology after PCS and MCS, we conclude that the depletion of hepatic flow is the major factor in the deterioration of liver functions. The levels of insulin and glucagon in both the peripheral vein and the portal vein were decreased after PCS and MCS. There was also depletion of pancreatic islet A and B cells and vacuolar degeneration of the pancreas. These changes were more signifcant in PCS than in MCS, suggesting that portasystemic shunt, especially total portasystemie shunt, might damage pancreatic endocrine functions.     

Effect of L-carnitine on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Function in Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Replacement Operation

Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three cases undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly allocated into two groups： L-carnitine group （n=12, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put in the ST. Thomas cardioplegia） and control group （n=11, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine）. Serum cardial troponin I （cTnI） levels, the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and cardiac index （CI） were measured perioperatively. A bit of myocardial tissue obtained from right atria was taken before CPB and by the end of intracardiac procedure to undergo electron microscopy examination and estimate apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. From the end of CPB to 3 days after operation, the serum levels of cTnI in the L-carnitine group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Heart color ultrasonogram showed that the CI index and LVEF at 7th day postoperatively in the L-carnitine group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, L-carnitine significantly alleviated the morphologic changes of cardiac muscle cells （electron microscopy examination） and decreased the amounts of apoptotic cardiac muscle cells （TUNEL）. Furthermore, the dosage of vasoactive drugs used after operation was significantly less in the L-carnitine group （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that L-carnitine cardioplegia solution could improve cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation and alleviate CPB-mediated apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.     

Prognostic values of serum cystatin C and β2 microglobulin,urinary β2 microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in early acute renal failure after liver transplantation

Background Acute renal failure （ARF） after liver transplantation is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early therapeutic or preventive intervention is hampered by the lack of early effective prognostic factors. Recent studies indicated that serum levels of cystatin C and β2-microglobulin （β2 MG） as well as urinary β2 MG and N-acetyI-β-D- glucosaminidase （NAG） would increase in patients with early and mild renal impairment. In this study, these factors were detected during the different stages in patients who accepted orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）, and their feasibilities to predict early ARF after OLT were also analyzed.
Methods Sixty patients with normal blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （SCr） who received modified piggyback liver transplantation without veno-venous bypass were prospectively studied. Blood samples were drawn from patients for the determination of serum β2 MG（n=60）, SCr （n=60） and serum Cystatin C （n=39） at following 5 intervals： before operation （TO）, 20 minutes before anhepatic phase （T1）, 25 minutes in anhepatic （T2）, 60 minutes after reperfusion （T3） and at the end of operation（T4）. Urinary B2 MG （n=60） and NAG （n=60） were also examined at following 3 intervals： before operation （TO）, 60 minutes after reperfusion （T3） and at the end of operation （T4）. According to the Rimola A criteria of ARF in 24 hours after operation, all the patients were divided into two groups： ARF group and non-ARF group. The data were statistically analyzed to evaluate the feasibiliy of regarding these factors as prognostic factors for early ARF after liver transplantation in patients with normal SCr and BUN before operation.
Results Ten of sixty cases showed ARF（16.7%）. The Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of serum and urinary β2 MG as well as serum cystatin C before operation were correlated with early ARF after liver transplantation （P 〈0.05）, while only serum lev     

Edaravone attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in a canine lung transplantation model

Background Previous reports have confirmed that edaravone has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion （IR） injury of many organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of edaravone on preventing IR injury of the lung in a canine lung transplantation model. Methods Twelve weight-matched pairs of random-bred dogs were randomized into two groups. Within each pair, one dog served as donor and the other as recipient. In the study group, prostaglandin EI（PGE1）（8 μg/kg） was injected into the donor pulmonary artery （PA） before occlusion and the donor lungs were flushed with 1.0 L of LPD solution containing edaravone （10 mg/kg） and stored in the same LPD solution at a temperature of 1℃for 8 hours. The left single lung transplantation was then performed and recipients received intravenous injection with edaravone （10 mg/kg） at the onset of reperfusion. In the control group, edaravone was substituted by the same volume of sterile saline solution. Another six dogs were obtained as normal control group in which left lungs were dissected after thoracotomy without an IR injury. One hour after reperfusion, or after dissection of the left lung, the right lung was excluded from perfusion and ventilation after which, cardiopulmonary parameters were measured. Wet/dry ratios, malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） levels were assessed and histological analysis of lung tissue performed at the same time. Results All animals survived until the end of the experiment. The study group showed significantly decreased wet/dry ratios （treated： （74.1±4.2）% vs control： （86.8±5.2）%, P 〈0.01）, MDA levels （treated： 0.50±0.08 vs control： 0.88±0.15, P 〈0.01） and MPO activity （treated： 0.23±0.05 vs control： 0.43±0.07, P 〈0.01） compared to the control group two hours after occlusion of the right side. In the control group, pulmonary vascular resistance （PVR） was increased markedly and arterial oxygen partial pressure deteriorated significantly after     

China introduce new bird flu measures ahead of spring period

Background Restoration of blood flow to the ischemic liver lobes may paradoxically exacerbate tissue injury, which is called hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI）. Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）, expressed on several liver cell types, and the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） signaling pathway are crucial to mediating hepatic inflammatory response. Because IRI is essentially a kind of profound acute inflammatory reaction evoked by many kinds of danger signals, we investigated TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway activation in a murine model of partial hepatic IRI. Methods Wild-type mice （WT, C3H/HeN） or TLR4 mutant mice （C3H/HeJ） were subjected to 45 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 1 hour, 3 hours of reperfusion. Sham group accepted the same procedure without the obstruction of blood supply. At the end of reperfusion, the compromise of liver function and the histological change of liver sections were measured as the severity of liver injury. The level of endotoxin in the portal vein was measured by limulus assay. NF-KB activation was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA）. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） and intedeukin-1β （IL-1β） in systemic blood after hepatic IRI were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results The compromise of liver function and the morphological injuries in mutant mice were relieved more markedly than those in WT mice after partial hepatic IRI. NF-KB activation in WT mice was stronger than that in TLR4 mutant mice, and both were stronger than those in the sham operated mice （P〈0.01）. Endotoxin in each group was undetectable. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in systemic blood were elevated in both strains, but lower in the sham operated group. These mediators were significantly decreased in TLR4 mutant mice compared with those in WT mice （P〈0.01）. Conclusions The TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway may mediate hepatic IRI triggered by endogenous danger signals. Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-KB pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for attenuating ischemia/reperfusion-induced tissue damage in some clinical settings.     

Insulin sensitivity after pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with systemic an d portal venous drainage in inbred rats

Objective To assess the metabolic consequences of pancreatic transplantation with portal v enous drainage and systemic venous drainage in induced inbred rats with streptoz ocin.Methods Pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was performed on 8 rats with the donor porta l veins anastomosed to the recipient superior mesenteric vein and on 10 rats wit h the donor portal veins anastomosed to the recipient cava inferior vein.We me asured the recipients’ weight, urine and plasma glucose concentration, plasma in sulin concentration at the beginning, and before and after transplantation.We used the euglycemi-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp test and glucose infusion req uired as an index of insulin sensitivity.Results The plasma glucose and insulin concentration recovered to normal after transplan tation in the portal venous drainage group.The plasma insulin levels increased in the systemic venous group after transplantation.There was a difference in the glucose infusion required between the two groups.Conclusion These data imply that portal venous drainage of the transplanted pancreas is an important factor in the determination of peripheral insulin sensitivity.     

一氧化氮促释放剂在保护大鼠减体积肝移植后缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的:探讨一氧化氮促释放剂(FK409)在保护减体积肝移植大鼠移植肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法:将56对(112只)SD大鼠分为两组,分别为FK409处理组和对照组。其中各组的8对大鼠用于观察存活率,20对用于观察移植后血中肝脏天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素、NO水平及移植物内早期生长反应因子-1(EGR-1)蛋白水平的变化。结果:FK409处理组的1周存活率、血清NO水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),ALT、AST及肝组织中的EGR-1蛋白含量则低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:一氧化氮促释放剂(FK409)能够通过增加NO的合成,来减轻原位减体积肝移植大鼠的再灌注损伤,改善微循环,提高移植肝脏的功能。     

门静脉栓塞及结扎联合肝细胞生长因子对肝纤维化大鼠肝再生的研究

目的 探讨门静脉栓塞及结扎联合肝细胞生长因子（hepatocyte growth factor,HGF）对肝纤维化大鼠肝再生的作用。方法 制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,将100只肝纤维化大鼠随机分为5组,术前对照组、门静脉栓塞组(A1组)、门静脉结扎组(A2组)、门静脉栓塞+肝细胞生长因子组(B1组)和门静脉结扎+肝细胞生长因子组(B2组）,每组20只。除术前对照组外以上各组栓塞或结扎大鼠门静脉右支。每组于术前及术后1、3、7及14 d分批处死大鼠,每次5只,检测各组时间点大鼠外周血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的含量;称取各叶肝脏及全肝重量,计算术后不同时间点非栓塞及非结扎肝叶占整个肝脏的百分比;免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）与Ki- 67的表达。结果 术后各组ALT、AST呈一过性升高改变,表现为术后第1天达到高峰,B1与B2组术后第1、3、7天ALT及AST峰值分别较A1与A2组低(P <0.05)。各组大鼠非栓塞及非结扎侧肝重/全肝重百分比均随时间增加而增加,术后第7、14天B1组非栓塞叶肝重/全肝重较A1组高,B2组非结扎叶肝重/全肝重较A2组高(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学改变：A1与A2组、B1与B2组术后非栓塞及非结扎侧肝叶PCNA与Ki-67的表达较术前明显增加并于第3天达高峰(P<0.05),然后缓慢下降,第14天A1与A2组恢复至术前水平(P>0.05),而B1与B2组较术前仍明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 肝纤维化大鼠选择性门静脉栓塞、门静脉结扎后对侧肝脏均有再生能力;外源性HGF能明显提高肝再生能力。     

原位肝移植术Narcotrend指数变化与早期肝功能恢复的关系

目的研究心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供体原位肝移植术中Narcotrend麻醉深度监测指数变化与早期肝功能恢复的关系。方法选择DCD供体原位肝移植术患者40例,在Narcotrend监测下实时调整异丙酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI)参数,维持深度在D2~E1阶段。门静脉开放后,维持靶控参数不变,观察Narcotrend指数(NI)变化,当NI值比基础值升高超过20时,加深麻醉并记录所需时间(S)。分别于术前(T1),手术开始后1 h(T2),门静脉开放后2 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、48 h(T5)、72 h(T6)抽取静脉血检测天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)。S值取其中位数,将高于和低于这个中位数的病例分为H、L两组进行比较。结果手术后24 h两组AST、DBIL比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后48 h两组ALT、AST和TBIL比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后72 h大部分指标均有所回落,H组和L组比较只有TBIL差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 NI值变化趋势监测可以指导麻醉深度的调控,还能帮助我们从侧面了解DCD供肝早期恢复状况。     

Effect of Ulinastatin donor-pretreatment on liver graft during cold preservation in rats

Background  Donor-pretreatment with ulinastatin may influence the liver graft during cold preservation. The aim of this research was to determine whether pretreatment of donor liver with Ulinastatin can attenuate cold preservation injury, and to explore the mechanism by which Ulinastatin affects the donor liver graft. 

Methods  One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were divided into the Ulinastatin treatment group (T group) pretreated with Ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg and control group (C group) treated with 0.9% normal saline via peritoneal injection prior to the anesthetization. After the abdominal cavity was opened and perfused with cold Ringer’s lactate solution, the liver was harvested. The harvested liver was preserved in cold Ringer’s lactate solution for 0, 2, 6, 24 hours, at which time the liver tissue was sampled for determination of dry weight and wet weight, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, lactic acid and malondialdehyde levels. Light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to observe liver morphology. The liver cold-preservation solution was taken for measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Correlation between ATPase activity and lactic acid level was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 for Windows.

Results  The morphology in the T group had improved cell boundaries vs. the C group at each time point. Dry weight to wet weight in the T group was lower than in the C group at 6 hours (P <0.05), but the difference was not significant at 24 hours. ALT levels in the T group were lower than that in the C group at 6 hours (P <0.05) and 24 hours (P <0.01). AST levels in the T group were lower than those in the C group at 2 hours (P <0.05), 6 hours (P <0.01) and 24 hours (P <0.01). Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in the T group was higher than in the C group and the mean difference between two groups was significant at 0 hour (P <0.05) and 2 hours (P <0.05). Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in the T group was higher than in the C group with the mean difference between two groups significant at 2 hours (P <0.05). The T group had increased lactic acid levels at 0 hour (P <0.01) and 2 hours (P <0.05) compared with the C group, but there was no influence on the LDH activity at the same time. There were no obvious differences in the levels of malondialdehyde between the two groups at any time point. A linear correlation between Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and lactic acid levels (r=0.295, P <0.05) was found.

Conclusions  Donor-pretreatment with ulinastatin may protect the cells in a liver graft from ischemia injury during cold preservation; the mechanism may be due to its promotion for cell glycolysis and its preservation of ATPase activity.

     

前列地尔对大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨前列地尔对冷保存2、4h的移植肝的缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法取96只健康雄性SD大鼠,配成48对,随机分成6组：1、2组为供肝冷缺血时间为2h的对照组和实验组,3、4、5、6组为供肝冷缺血时间为4h的对照组和实验组,供肝切取后保存在4℃乳酸钠林格液中,实验组手术结束后从尾静脉注射前列地尔2μg/kg,对照组手术结束后不用前列地尔,1、2、3、4组门静脉复流6h后,取肝脏组织,HE染色病理检查,免疫组化测移植肝的TNF-α的表达,TUNEL法检测两组移植肝细胞的凋亡。结果手术后6h,对照组的TNF-α免疫组化染色为阳性,实验组为阴性;实验组凋亡水平明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。实验组生存时间明显长于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论前列地尔可以有效地保护移植肝,缓解长时间冷保存引起的缺血再灌注损伤,延长受体存活时间。     

大鼠肝移植术中供肝再灌注不良的原因分析及预防措施

目的：探讨大鼠肝移植手术中供肝再灌注不良的原因及相应的预防措施。方法：大鼠原位肝移植分两个阶段进行，第一阶段为实验初期组（n=100），第二阶段为实验后期组（n=100），比较两组手术中引起供肝再灌注不良原因的差别，从中找出预防供肝再灌注不良的措施。结果：实验初期组和实验后期组的冷缺血时间、无肝期、肝下下腔静脉（IVC）阻断时间、供者手术时间、受者手术时间相比，均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；肝上IVC吻合、门静脉（PV）和IVC吻合、冷灌注过程中供肝气体栓塞、无肝期超过25min和肝损伤引起供肝再灌注不良的发生率两组相比均有显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：提高手术熟练程度，缩短手术时间，预防手术中再灌注不良因素的发生是确保供肝再灌注良好的基础。     

肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压行TACE联合TIPS治疗的安全性与疗效

目的 评价原发性肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压者行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)术的安全性及疗效.方法 收集该院2011年1月至2015年1月因肝癌合并肝硬化门静脉高压失代偿行TACE联合TIPS的患者22例作为联合组,筛选仅行TACE治疗而未行TIPS治疗的肝癌合并肝硬化患者28例作为对照组.观察两组患者的治疗疗效及预后.结果 TIPS治疗手术成功率为100％,术前门静脉压力为(38.4±7.6)cm H2O,术后门静脉压力为(28.4±7.7)cm H2O,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术前门静脉直径为(16.2±2.5)mm,术后门静脉直径为(13.3±1.8)mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1年支架通畅率为95％,2年通畅率为90％.对照组1年及2年再出血率分别为60.7％及78.5％,而联合组为9.1％、13.6％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).联合组1年累计生存率为81％,2年累计生存率为68％,中位生存时间为53个月;对照组1年累计生存率为78％,2年累计生存率为15％,中位生存时间为17个月,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肝癌合并门静脉高压行TACE联合TIPS治疗能安全、有效地控制肿瘤发展,减少甚至消除门静脉高压症候群,提高患者生活质量及生存率.     

丙泊酚与七氟烷在肝移植术中对心脏自主神经系统影响的比较

目的 比较丙泊酚与七氟烷在肝移植术中对心脏自主神经系统的影响.方法 接受肝移植手术患者51例,随机分为丙泊酚组(P组,27例)和七氟烷组(S组,24例).术中麻醉维持,P组持续静脉泵注丙泊酚2～5 mg/(kg·h),S组吸入2％～3％七氟烷,两组术中均输注舒芬太尼0.3～0.4 μg/(kg·h)和罗库溴铵0.3 mg/(kg·h).采集手术开始1h、门静脉阻断前1h、门静脉阻断1h、门静脉开放1h、门静脉开放2h和术毕1h的心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的NN间期标准差(standard diviation of NN intervals,SDNN)、相邻NN间期差均方根(root mean square successivedifference,rMSSD)和NN间期平均值标准差(standard diviation of the average NN intervals,SDANN).结果 两组术中血流动力学指标变化趋势相同;与手术开始时1h时段比较,门静脉阻断1h时段两组的SDANN均升高(P＜0.05);开放后1h时段两组的SDNN和rMSSD均降低,两组的SDANN均升高(P＜ 0.05).阻断1h时段,P组SDANN水平高于S组(P＜0.05).结论 肝移植术中丙泊酚和七氟烷对血流动力学影响相似,两者均存在无肝期心脏交感神经系统抑制以及新肝期早期心脏交感神经系统和迷走神经系统失衡状况,且丙泊酚无肝期交感神经系统抑制较七氟烷明显.     

辅助性异位部分肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭的实验研究

目的：探讨辅助性异位部分肝移植对肝功能衰竭(肝衰)的治疗作用。方法：用家猪配对开展辅助性异位部分肝移植，分两组。A组：受体肝脏保持原状，其肝动脉结扎、门静脉缩窄；供肝植入受体右肝下，仅建立门静脉血供。B组：供肝动脉和门静脉血供均建立，其它手术内容与A组相同。监测各组受体存活情况、肝功能情况、病理及供肝胆汁分泌情况。结果：B组受体3d以上成活率显著高于A组。B组手术前后胆红素无显著改变，A组术后胆红素显著高于术前，术后第2天A组胆红素显著高于B组。B组供肝胆汁分泌良好，肝细胞存活并有活跃的代偿性增生；A组供肝无或仅有少量胆汁分泌，肝细胞大片坏死。两组受体均有术后白蛋白下降、丙氨酸氨基转移酶增高。结论：辅助性异位部分肝移植足以纠正肝衰，在临床可以用相似的方法治疗急性或暴发性肝衰患者。     

肝移植患者术中各期动脉血二氧化碳分压与呼气末二氧化碳分压变化的比较

目的 探讨非转流经典原位肝移植术中患者动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)与呼气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO_2)的差值[P(a-et)CO_2]的变化.方法 104例行非转流经典原位肝移植的患者,采用气管内插管静吸复合麻醉.除监测血流动力学外,同时于麻醉后,无肝前期,无肝期30、60 min,移植肝下腔静脉开放后5、30 min,以及手术结束时监测动脉血气指标,同时记录PetCO_2,计算P(a-et)CO_2.结果 与麻醉后相比,无肝前期、无肝期30和60 min、下腔静脉开放后5和30 min及手术结束时的心率显著增快(P值均<0.01),pH值显著降低(P值均<0.01);无肝前期的平均动脉压(MAP)显著升高(P<0.01),无肝期30 min和下腔静脉开放后5 min的MAP显著降低(P值均<0.01);无肝期30和60 min、下腔静脉开放后5和30 min及手术结束时的PaCO_2显著升高(P值分别<0.05、0.01),下腔静脉开放5、30 min及手术结束时的PetCO_2显著升高(P值分别<0.05、0.01),无肝期30、60 min及下腔静脉开放后5 min的P(a-et)CO_2显著增高(P值均<0.05).结论 非转流原位肝移植无肝前期P(a-et)CO_2维持稳定,无肝期P(a-et)CO_2显著增大,移植肝下腔静脉开放后30 min后逐渐恢复至术前水平.