常用超声介导房间隔缺损封堵方法的优缺点比较

房间隔缺损是一种常见的先天性心脏病,经皮房间隔缺损封堵术是全世界首选的微创外科修补治疗方法.超声介导是经皮房间隔缺损封堵术中最重要的技术环节.目前,经食道超声心动图是最常用的超声介导方法,另外,经胸超声心动图以及心腔内超声也在运用.现试从经胸超声心动图、经食道超声心动图及心腔内超声的影像学特点、检查安全性,及并发症、检查费用等方面对上述三种方法进行比较.     

经导管关闭房间隔缺损的研究进展和现状

房间隔缺损的介入治疗应用于临床20年以业,发展迅速,已部分取代了外科手术,特别是近5年来,新的装置不断应用于临床,使房间隔缺损的介入治疗实现了新突破,本文着重介绍了近10年经导管关闭房间隔缺损的六种封堵装置,总结了介入疗法在房间隔缺损的应用进展和现状。     

Complex Atrial Septal Defect: Percutaneous Repair Guided by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography

Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) has been used to guide the percutaneous repair of simple atrial septal defects (ASDs). There has been limited experience in using this imaging modality to guide complex ASD repair. In this report, we describe how 3D TEE was used to guide the repair of a complex, multifenestrated ASD. In a single view, 3D TEE provides a superior anatomic definition when compared to the traditional two‐dimensional echocardiography. We believe that this emerging technology will play a critical role as the number and complexity of percutaneous techniques treating structural heart disease continue to rise. (Echocardiography 2010;27:590‐593)     

Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography Guided Closure of Complex Multiple Atrial Septal Defects

Transcatheter closure of complex multiple atrial septal defects (ASDs) remains a challenge. We describe our clinical experience with staged device deployment in a patient with multiple ASDs using four Amplatzer septal occluder devices. Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography imaging contributed not only to the therapeutic guidance of successful device deployment but also to the decision making for the staged device delivery approach in a case of morphologically complex multiple ASDs.     

Transseptal Puncture for Transcatheter Closure of an Eccentric Atrial Septal Defect

The feasibility of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects depends mainly on their morphology. A case is presented illustrating successful closure of a defect with inadequate anterior rim using transseptal puncture of the abundant residual septum. The Atrial Septal Defect Occlusion System (ASDOS) umbrellas could be placed at the center of the septum occluding the defect completely.     

房间隔缺损封堵术的时间选择

房间隔缺损封堵术后早期即出现心脏正向重构,且这些变化的程度和时间不受患者接受封堵时的年龄影响。因此,在合适的无症状的缺损小的患者适当推迟经皮房间隔缺损封堵时间,可当其生长发育进一步完善至青少年期再行房间隔缺损封堵术可能是一个明智的选择。     

Right Ventricular Remodeling after Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Background: Right ventricular (RV) volume overload is a well‐known cardiac consequence of atrial septal defect (ASD) shunt, accounting for most of its long‐term complications. Thus cardiac volumetric unloading is a major aim of transcatheter ASD closure. We set to study the right ventricular remodeling after transcatheter ASD closure in patients with secundum ASD. Methods: We enrolled 46 patients who underwent successful transcatheter closure of ASD. We performed routine transthoracic echocardiographic studies, including three‐dimensional echocardiography and right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVMPI), before transcatheter ASD closure, and 3 days, 1 month after transcatheter ASD closure. Results: We found that: (1) the right ventricular end‐diastolic volume (RVEDV) and right ventricular end‐systolic volume (RVESV) (respectively 106.54±25.97 vs 69.78±10.46 mL, P < 0.05; 59.73±17.59 vs 33.84±7.18 mL, P < 0.05) were enlarged in patients with ASD compared with those in control subjects, resulting in a marked decrease of the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (44.82%±4.51% vs 54.11%±5.89%, P < 0.05) from normal values; (2) the isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times (respectively [77.61±16.49] ms vs (64.09±11.82) ms, P < 0.05; [28.04±9.57] ms vs [20.45±6.53] ms, P < 0.05) were prolonged and ejection time ([250.02±24.21] ms vs [272.73±20.51] ms, P < 0.05) was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase of the MPI (0.41±0.07 vs 0.31±0.05, P < 0.05) from normal values; and (3) after transcatheter closure, the RVEDV and RVESV decreased and the RVEF increased markedly and RVMPI decreased markedly. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of ASD results in rapid normalization of RV volume overload and improvement of RV function. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 26, November 2009)     

超声心动图在房间隔缺损介入封堵治疗术的应用进展

介入封堵术已成为临床上治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损首选的治疗方法,超声心动图在术前选择病例、确定封堵器型号、术中监测以及术后随诊方面具有重要的临床价值。现就其在介入封堵术中的应用进展做一综述。     

Assessment of Value of Three Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography versus Conventional Two Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Guiding Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale

ObjectiveTo evaluate the benefit of using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) over conventional two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) in evaluation of various morphological features of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) during transcatheter closure.MethodsThis is an observational cross sectional study including 115 patients (45 PFO and 70 ASD patients) who underwent 2D/3DTEE guided transcatheter closure from April 2019 to October 2021 in cardiology department, Tanta university hospital.Results70 ASD patients were divided into two groups; the pediatric age group (18 patients, mean age 9.05 ± 3.51 years) and the adult group (52 patients, mean age 39.3 ± 10.15 years). ASD morphology was simple in 12.9% and complex in 87.1% of patients, where 3DTEE was superior in the evaluation of posterior, infero posterior rims, fenestrated flimsy rims, aneurysm shape, orientation, and quality of its tissue. Procedural success was defined as complete defect closure with no complications. The procedure was successful in 68 and failed in 2 patients. 45 PFO patients were divided into two groups; the pediatric age group (14 patients, mean age 13.5 ± 3.25 years) and the adult group (31 patients, mean age 35.2 ± 4.5 years). PFO morphology was simple in 22.2% and complex in 77.8% of patients, where 3DTEE was superior in the evaluation of the exact PFO opening from the left atrium, additional fenestrations, aneurysm shape, orientation, and quality of its tissue. The procedure was successful in all patients.Conclusion3DTEE guided transcatheter ASD/PFO closure provides an additional value over conventional 2DTEE in assessment of complex ASD/PFO morphology.     

Percutaneous Catheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and an Atrial Septal Aneurysm: One Case Report

We describe a 56-yr-old female presented with palpitation and shortness of breath on exertion and intracardiac echocardiography showed atrial septal defect and an atrial septal aneurysm. She was underwent successfully percutaneous catheter closure with Amplatzer occluder devices.     

Visualization of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Using Transthoracic Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Children: Implications for Transcatheter Closure

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of quantitative measurements of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with dynamic transthoracic three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (age, 13 months to 14 years; mean age, 37 months) with secundum ASDs underwent 3-D echocardiographic imaging generated from transthoracic echocardiographic interrogation before surgery. Four specific cut planes were defined: four-chamber view, transverse view, en face view from right and left atrial side. The images obtained from 16 patients clearly demonstrated all four defined cut planes for the quantitative measurement. RESULTS: The defect sizing determined by the 3-D images correlated well with surgical findings. These images may be interactively manipulated to optimize visualization of the defect to allow the cardiologist to perform transcatheter occlusion. A significant correlation was demonstrated to the limbic band tissue assessment by four-chamber and transverse views. Unusual atrial structures such as muscle bands and the fore-shortening of the en face view might induce biased measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The transthoracic approach was successful in capturing sufficient data to create 3-D images, which can provide an accurate assessment of secundum ASD. The possibility of underestimation should always be taken into account with the en face view. Multiple cut planes were essential to ensure correct sizing for adequate selection of the occluder.     

房间隔缺损封堵术后患者行心脏CTA检查的临床因素与价值

目的探讨房间隔缺损封堵术后有症状患者行心脏CT随访的临床因素及价值。方法2006年7月-2011年6月期间房间隔缺损封堵术后行CT检查的53名患者依年龄分为两组,组A,年龄兰40岁,组B〈40岁,分析患者行心脏CT检查的临床资料,包括患者年龄、临床症状、CT检查目的,CT检查结果等,进一步归纳患者行心脏CT检查的适应证及临床价值。结果共53例患者（男21,女32,平均年龄48．52,范围19—72岁）;房间隔缺损封堵术后患者行心脏CT随访的临味因素主要为胸闷、气短及心悸,患者均常规行心电图、经胸超声及X线平片复查,不能明确诊断,需进一步除外冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（37／53）及肺动脉检塞（9／53）;少数病例旨在评估术后异常心前区不适（3／55）及射频消融前评估肺静脉及除外左房血栓等（4／53）。CT结果显示,全部患者均不同程度存在肺动脉扩张征象。此外,A组42例患者中,9例患者检出冠状动脉粥样硬化性心畦病;4例患者检查出并存其它先天性心血管畸形,其中冠状动脉起源异常2例,肺静脉异位引流、多发房间隔缺损各1例。B组11名患者中,3例评估术后心前区异常不适者,分别显示封堵器形态或位置异常。A、B两组虽阳性率无显著性差异（P-0．73）,但检查目的及结果不同。结论房间隔缺损封堵术后的临床症状须慎重对待,心脏CT检查能为不同年龄段的患者提供针对性的解剖学信息,有效弥补常规复查手段的不足。