Pharmacognostic study and anti – inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. fruit

ObjectiveTo study pharmacognostic evaluation and anti – inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (P. reticulatus) fruit.MethodsThe fruit sample was studied by macroscopical, microscopical and other WHO recommended methods for standardisation. The hydroalcoholic extract of ripe fruit was also screened for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced left hind paw oedema in rat at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, orally.ResultsTransverse section of fruit and powder study showed the presence of epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, fibres and sclereids. Hydroalcoholic extract of fruit showed significant (P < 0.01) reduction of paw volume when compared with diclofenac sodium. The extract showed anti – inflammatory activity at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and was comparable with diclofenac sodium.ConclusionsPharmacognostic profile of Phyllanthus reticulatus provides the simplest and quickest means to establish the identity and purity and thereby assure the quality of sample. The hydroalcoholic extract shows significant anti – inflammatory activity at both doses when compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg).     

In vivo antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of Hypericum scabroides

ObjectiveTo evaluate the methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum scabroides (HSM) (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.MethodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of HSM was tested in mice weighting (25±5) g. Either vehicle (control group), the methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) or diclofenac (50 mg/kg), was administered (p.o.) for 60 min before an edema was induced in the mice paw by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin. The mouse-paw volume was measured 1 h, 3h and 6 h after injection of carrageenin.ResultsThe HSM showed significant reduction of edema in carrageenan induced mice paw edema model at 1 h and 3 h for (78.03±15.54)% and (40.44±16.36)%, respectively. The diclofenac 50 mg/kg exhibited % reduction in paw volume (31.00±11.52)%, (0.80±0.09)% and (9.39±1.99)% after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively compared to control group. The obtained results revealed that HSM has significant anti inflammatory activity. Furethermore, the chemical composition of HSM was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography–diode array dedector. The plant contained pseudohypericin (trace) hypericin (trace), chlorogenic acid (0.014 0±0.000 5)%, rutin (0.005 0±0.000 6)%, hyperoside (0.016±0.005)%, isoquercitrin (0.034 0±0.000 5)% and kaempferol (trace).ConclusionsThe obtained results of the present investigation revealed that methanol extract of Hypericum scarbroides has significant anti-inflammatory activity.     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Passiflora foetida L

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida (P. foetida) leaves.MethodsEthanol extract of P. foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in albino mice. The anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract was tested by carrageenan induced acute paw edema and histamine induced acute paw edema in rats.ResultsThe dose 200 mg/kg of P. foetida leaf extract exhibited highest significant analgesic activity [(13.50±0.43) min] at a reaction time of 20 min in hot plate method in mice. The ethanol extract of leaf dose 100 mg/kg produced a highly significant anti inflammatory effect [(1.302±0.079) mL] in rats.ConclusionsIt is very clear that P. foetida also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for the pharmaceuticals.     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of crude extracts of Ipomoea involucrata leaves in mice and rats

ObjectiveTo investigate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of crude extract from Ipomoea involucrata leaves (Convolvulaceae) in mice and rats.MethodsThe antinociceptive activity was tested using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using egg albumin induced oedema of rat paw.ResultsPhytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannin. At the doses of 25–100 mg/kg, Ipomoea involucrata exhibited dose-dependent and significant increase in pain threshold in acetic acid –induced writhing test of mice (P<0.05, student t-test) The administration of Ipomoea involucrata leaf extract (25–100 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent decreases in paw volume of egg albumin induced oedema in rats and a significant higher anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard control (Aspirin).ConclusionsThese results support the claims on the traditional use of the of Ipomoea involucrata leaves in the treatment of toothache, rheumatic pains and other inflammatory conditions. Studies on the isolation and structural elucidation of the active principle are still needed being carried out.     

Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Tephrosia purpurea in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of orally administered ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea in acute and subacute inflammation in rats.MethodsAn ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was prepared. Carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma were the models for acute and subacute inflammation respectively. Four groups of rats in each model were treated orally with 2% gum acacia, 100 mg/kg of aspirin, 500 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea respectively. In carrageenan induced paw edema model, subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan was made into the hind paw of the rats sixty minutes after the administration of the respective drugs. The paw volume was measured immediately after injection of carrageenan, at 3 hours and at 6 hours. Then percentage inhibition of edema was calculated. In the cotton pellet granuloma model, animals were administered drugs for six days after placing cotton pellets in the axilla on each side. On the 7th day, dry weight of granuloma was calculated.ResultsThe rats treated with Tephrosia purpurea did not exhibit any significant decrease in paw volume and serum ceruloplasmin levels as compared to the control and aspirin treated groups in the acute inflammation model; while, there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the weight of granuloma in Tephrosia purpurea and aspirin treated groups as compared to control in subacute inflammation.ConclusionsThe ethanolic extract of orally administered Tephrosia purpurea shows significant antiinflammatory effect in subacute inflammation but not in acute inflammation in rats.     

The anti-inflammatory activity of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) on egg albumin-induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory effect of garden egg [Solanum aethiopicum (S. aethiopicum)] using experimentally induced inflammatory models in rats.MethodsOedema was induced on the rat hind paw by the injection of 0.1 mL undiluted fresh egg albumin (philogistic agent) into the subplantar surface of the rat paw. Tissue granuloma was induced in the rats by the implantation of two autoclaved cotton pellets (30 mg) under the flank of previously shaved back of anaesthetised rats. Garden egg extract doses were administered to the rats for seven consecutive days. On day 8, the animals were killed and the pellets surrounded by granuloma tissue were dissected out and dried.ResultsExtracts of garden egg significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fresh egg albumin-induced rat paw oedema and also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the granuloma tissue formation in the treated groups when compared to the control.ConclusionsThis study shows that the fruits of garden egg (S. aethiopicum) have anti-inflammatory activity in the models studied.     

Investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Dalbergia paniculata (Roxb)

ObjectiveTo investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered methanolic leaf extract of Dalbergia paniculata (D. paniculata) in Carrageenan induced inflammation in rats.MethodsIn vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated for superoxide radical, Hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Three doses 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of D. paniculata were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model and paw thickness was measured every one hour up to 6 h.ResultsThe methanolic leaf extract of D. paniculata produced dose dependent inhibition of Superoxide radical, Hydroxyl radical and DPPH radicals. In Carrageenan induced inflammation model, all three doses produced significant percentage inhibition of rat paw edema and 800 mg/kg dose produced maximum percent inhibition of rat paw edema (47.83%) at 3h compared to control group.ConclusionsIn the present study we found that methanolic leaf extract of D. paniculata showed good in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats.     

Analgesic and anti—inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Helianthus Annus in Wistar rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus L. (H. annus) in acclimatized Wistar rats.MethodsIt was undertaken using the albumin induced paw edema model of inflammation as well as both the hotplate and tail immersion analgesic test methods. Doses of the extract tested in experimental rats were 0.5 g/kg, 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg while negative and positive control rats received distilled water and indomethacin respectively.ResultsIt was shown that treatment with the tested doses of the extract effectively inhibited paw edema induced by egg albumin. This effect was comparable if not better than the observations made in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally. Treatment with the extract was also observed to have significantly increased the mean tolerance time of rats to thermal noxious stimuli compared to control animals that had distilled water and appeared to be more effective than 10 mg/kg of indomethacin treatment.ConclusionsThese observations confirmed the presence of a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-noiciceptive activity in the ethanol extract of the leaves of H. annus and therefore validated the folkloric use of the leaves of this plant in treatment of pro-inflammatory, post traumatic situations.     

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Abroma augusta Linn

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory property of the different parts of methanolic extracts of Abroma augusta Linn.Materials and methodsAbroma augusta Linn (Family-Malvaceae) commonly known as Ulatkambal in Hindi and Devil's cotton in English, found in tropical Asia, South and eastern Africa, and Australia. It is mainly used for dysmenorrhoea, ammenorrhoea, sterlilty and other menstrual disorder. The present study aimed at evaluation of Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory study of different parts of Abroma augusta Linn methanolic extract by the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method.ResultsThe result showed significant anti-inflammatory property of different parts of Abroma augusta Linn methanolic extract.ConclusionsThe methanolic extract of different parts of Abroma augusta Linn showed potent activity comparing with the standard drug diclofenac sodium perhaps due to the alkaloids and flavonoids present in the plant.     

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica ger. and labr. (fam: Dracaenaceae)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of leaves of Sansevieria liberica Ger. and Labr. and to ascertain the toxicity and phytochemical profiles of the extract of the leaves.MethodsThe juice from the fresh leaves was expressed manually and lyophilized. The crude extract (CE) was then fractionated into n-hexane fraction (HF), chloroform fraction (CF), ethylacetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF). The crude extract (CF) and the fractions were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using egg albumen-induced paw (systemic) edema in rats as a measure of acute inflammation. The toxicity test and phytochemical screening were done using standard procedures.ResultsThe CE and the fractions significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the development of paw edema induced by egg albumen in rats. The potency/activity of the CE and the fractions increased in the order HF>CE>MF>CF>EF, with the CE and HF at 400 mg/kg exhibiting inhibition comparable to that obtained with 5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium. Acute toxicity test on CE established an oral and intraperitoneal LD₅₀ of > 5 000 mg/kg in mice. Phytochemical screening of the CE and the fractions showed the presence of various bioactive substances such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, reducing sugars, tannins, resins, carbohydrates, proteins, acidic compounds, fats and oils.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that the leaves of Sansevieria liberica Ger and Labr. possess anti-inflammatory effects which may be due to its bioactive constituents. Further purification on these bioactive constituents may result in the development of potent anti-inflammatory agent with low toxicity and better therapeutic index.     

Pharmacological properties and related constituents of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae)

ObjectiveTo screen methanol and dichloromethane extracts of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis.MethodsAnti-inflammatory activity was determined by using carrageenan induced-edema of mice paw and croton oil-induced edema of mice ear; analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing. Phytochemical screening of extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of main active components as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin. The structures were established by TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance studies.ResultsBoth methanol and dichloromethane extracts, friedelin, lupeol and epicatechin showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect using croton oil induced-ear edema. Furthermore, the action of dichloromethane extract was more important. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, the methanol extract was able to reduce the carrageenan induced-hind paw edema, while at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, it showed an important analgesic effect against writhing induced by acetic acid injection of 38.8%, 68.0% and 74.3%, respectively. Antioxidative properties of methanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were assessed by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The methanol extract showed the stronger radical scavenging activity than dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, with an antiradical power of 5, 3.5 and 2 respectively. The main components isolated from these extracts as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin were responsible of these activities.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed important anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities and strong antioxidant properties, therefore, they could be used as natural potential ingredients for pharma ceutical industry.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Rottl. & Willd. leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract (PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals.MethodsIn the acute toxicity study, a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight, p.o. was administered and observed for 48 h. In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed.ResultsIn acute models, egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly (P<0.01) inhibited the edema formation. In chronic model, cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly (P<0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17% and 50.38 % respectively.ConclusionsThe present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.     

In-vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Manilkara zapota leaves in albino Wistar rats

Objective

To screen ethanolic extracts of Manilkara zapota leaves (Family: Sapotaceae) and its different solvent soluble fractions for possible anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic activities in experimental albino Wistar rats.

Methods

Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw edema method; anti-pyretic potential was determined by yeast-induced pyrexia method in albino Wistar rats.

Results

In evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity the crude ethanolic (300 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate extract (300 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition of paw edema by 91.98% and 92.41% (P<0.001) respectively at 4th h compared to standard diclofenac (86.08% inhibition). In anti-pyretic study by yeast-induced pyrexia in albino Wistar rats, the ethanol extract (300 mg/kg) reduced temperature from 37.90 °C to 37.41 °C (P<0.01) and 37.07 °C (P<0.001) in 3rd and 4th h respectively. Similarly, both petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited significant anti-pyretic property (P<0.001). The maximum body temperature lowering effect (36.86 °C) was noticed by petroleum ether fraction.

Conclusions

The findings of the studies demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of the leaves of Manilkara zapota which could be the therapeutic option against inflammatory disease and pyrexia.     

Mast cell stabilizing and antiallergic activity of Abrus precatorius in the management of asthma

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves (EAPL) on egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats.MethodsIn present study ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius leaves (EAPL) at doses of 100, 125, 150 mg/kg i.p were evaluated for preliminary phytochemical screening, acute toxicity studies and egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation in mice and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats.ResultsThe results of present investigation showed that the LD₅₀ of EAPL is more than 1 300 mg/kg. EAPL (100-150 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly protect egg albumin induced degranulation of mast cell and inhibit area of leakage of dye in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Phytochemical studies observed presence of saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides.ConclusionsIn conclusion EAPL possesses anti asthmatic potential.     

Potential anti-inflammatory action of resveratrol and piperine in adjuvant-induced arthritis: Effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers

Aim of the workResveratrol (RSV) is a phytoalexin with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties; however, its low bioavailability is considered a major obstacle. Piperine (PIP), an alkaloid, has been widely used as an effective bio-enhancer with drugs associated with low bioavailability. The current study was directed to examine the role of PIP in enhancing the efficacy of RSV in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats.Materials and methodsCarrageenan-induced paw edema model was designed for RSV and PIP doses optimization. Afterward, in the AIA model, rats were immunized at day 0 by sub-plantar injection of Freund’s complete-adjuvant. RSV (50 mg/kg) and PIP (20 mg/kg) were orally administered concurrently once daily from day 14 for two weeks. A standard anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, was employed for treatment validation. The paw volume was measured every 4 days. On day 29, rats were sacrificed and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NO_x) were estimated. Ankles were dissected for histopathological examinations and immuno-histochemical expression of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65).ResultsCo-administration of RSV and PIP significantly decreased the paw swelling and ameliorated the histopathological changes. In addition, the combined treatment highly reduced the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, TBARS and NO_x. Besides, a nearly negative expression of NF-κB p65 in the synovial tissue was observed by co-administration of PIP with RSV. Results of the combination treatment were comparable to that of the diclofenac treatment.ConclusionCo-administration of PIP enhanced the anti-inflammatory efficacy of RSV in the arthritic-induced rats.     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper nigrum L.

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of pure compound, piperine along with hexane and ethanol extracts of Piper nigrum L. fruit in mice and rats.MethodsThe analgesic activity was determined by tail immersion method, analgesy-meter, hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing test. While the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats.ResultsPiperine at a dose of 5 mg/kg and ethanol extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg after 120 min and hexane extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg after 60 min exhibited significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity by tail immersion method, in comparison to ethanol extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg using analgesy-meter in rats. However, with hotplate method, piperine produced significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity at lower doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) after 120 min. A similar analgesic activity was noted with hexane extract at 15 mg/kg. However, in writhing test, ethanol extract significantly (P<0.05) stopped the number of writhes at a dose of 15 mg/kg, while piperine at a dose of 10 mg/kg completely terminated the writhes in mice. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect using plethysmometer, piperine at doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg started producing anti-inflammatory effect after 30 min, which lasted till 60 min, whereas hexane and ethanol extracts also produced a similar activity at a slightly low dose (10 mg/kg) but lasted for 120 min.ConclusionsIt is concluded from the present study that Piper nigrum L possesses potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.     

Analgesic,antipyretic, anti-inflammatory,hepatoprotective and nephritic effects of the aerial parts of Pulicaria arabica (Family: Compositae) on rats

ObjectiveTo explore the analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatic and nephritic effects of Pulicaria arabica (P. arabica) in several experimental models.MethodsFor analgesic effect hot plate and writhing method were used, while for antipyretic and anti-inflammatory rectal temperature and carrageenan induced hind paw edema were used respectively. CCl₄ intoxication method was used for hepatic and nephritic protective activity.ResultsThe results of the present studies revealed that P. arabica has potent analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory with the significant hepatic and nephritic protecting actions. The CCl₄ intoxication changed the normal malondialdehyde and nonprotein sulfhydryls levels in both liver and kidney. These changes were normalized with P. arabica indicating the antioxidant nature of this plant.ConclusionsThe results of present study indicated that P. arabica can be used in analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory conditions even in hepatic and nephritic conditions. More supportive studies are required before clinical recommendation.     

Anti–inflammatory activity of the glandular extracts of Thunnus alalunga

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-inflamattory activity of Thunnus alalunga by both in vitro and in vivo methods.MethodsAnti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform water extract of Thunnus alalunga was done by both in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro method was done by human red blood cells membrane stabilization method (HRBC). In vivo evaluation was estimated on Wister albino rats. Acute toxicity studies were done on the extract and no toxicity was reported.ResultsThe percentage protection exhibited by 300 mg/mL concentration was more when compared to the other ones. The 400 mg/mL concentration showed potent activity on comparison with the standard during in vivo evaluation.ConclusionsIn both means of estimation the extract of Thunnus alalunga was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity.     

Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of nilavembu kudineer choornam: a classical preparation used in the treatment of chikungunya fever

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation, pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.MethodsAcute toxicity study of EENKC was performed in mice to fix the effective dose. The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of EENKC was evaluated in brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats, carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and acetic-acid induced writhing in mice model.ResultsAcute toxicity revealed that EENKC didn't show death and toxic signs up to 2 000 mg/kg. In brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenan-induced inflammation EENKC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited fever and inflammation significantly (P<0.01 and <0.05) compared to control animals. In mice, the number of writhing induced by acetic-acid was significantly (P<0.01) reduced after treatment with both the dose of EENKC than control animals. EENKC 200 mg/kg inhibits inflammation higher level in carrageenan-induced paw edema, but there is no significant difference when compared to indomethacin 10 mg/kg.ConclusionsThe present findings revealed that EENKC possesses antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which supports nilavembu kudineer choornam efficacy in chikungunya fever.     

Analgesic activity of Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R.br. leaves methanol extract using mice

ObjectiveTo evaluate analgesic property of leaf methanol extract of Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R.Br. using mice.MethodsAnalgesic activity was evaluated by abdominal writhing and tail flick methods using Swiss albino mice. Acetyl salicylic acid was used as standard drug.ResultThe leaf methanol extract did not show any signs of toxicity upto 5000 mg/kg b.w. The leaf methanol extract (LME) was tested at three different dosages viz., 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. orally. All the three doses of LME showed significant (P < 0.001) analgesic activity, among them dose at 750 mg/kg b.w. showed 62.93% inhibition, but less effective than standard acetyl salicylic acid (93.70%) as revealed by writhing test. In Tail-flick model, the LME at the dose of 500 mg/kg b.w. showed significant activity (P < 0.001) when compared to the other two doses as evidence by the increase in the latency of tail response to thermal stimulation.ConclusionsThis investigation revealed that the C. grandiflora LME demonstrated significant analgesic effect in both abdominal writhing and tail flick models. Among the three different doses tested, the 500 mg/kg b.w. was found to be more potent. The results of this investigation revealed that the LME of C. grandiflora possesses significant analgesic property and supported the traditional medicinal claims on C. grandiflora.