DPP-4抑制剂联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病的疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价DPP-4抑制剂联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases,NAFLD)的疗效和安全性。方法检索知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方数据(Wan Fang Data)、Pub Med、EMbase数据库,检索时限设计为从建库至2017年10月,采用Rev Man 5. 3处理软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCTs),试验组给予DPP-4抑制剂+二甲双胍,对照组给予二甲双胍治疗,Meta结果显示:试验组在降低BMI水平、FPG水平、2hPG水平及不良反应发生率方面与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P均 0. 05);试验组在降低HOMA-IR水平、HBA1c水平、AST水平、ALT水平、GGT水平、TC水平、TG水平及脂肪肝有效率方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。结论 DPP-4抑制剂联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并NAFLD较单用二甲双胍疗效较好,不增加不良反应,安全可靠,值得推广。受纳入研究质量限制,上述结论亟待多中心、高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者疗效和安全性Meta分析

目的 系统评价应用多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者的疗效和安全性。方法 全面检索知网(CNKI)、万方(WanFang Data)、维普(VIP)、EMbase、PubMed数据库,检索2018年8月前关于应用多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗NAFLD患者的随机对照试验(RCT)研究,采用 RevMan 5.3 处理软件进行Meta 分析。结果 纳入18项RCT研究包括1596例患者,其中试验组803例,对照组793例。给予试验组患者多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗,给予对照组其它药物治疗。Meta分析结果显示,试验组在降低胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、AST水平、ALT水平、GGT水平、LDL-C水平、TC水平、TG水平和提高HDL-C水平、超声检查指标改善率和肝/脾CT值比值方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组在降低空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平和不良反应发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 应用多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗NAFLD患者疗效较好,无明显不良反应。由于纳入研究的整体质量不高,仍需多中心和高质量的随机对照试验加以验证。     

二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效观察

[目的]观察二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效。[方法]临床收集肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者109例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组55例,对照组54例。对照组给予二甲双胍片、多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊口服治疗,治疗组给予二甲双胍片联合中药健脾调脂化瘀方口服治疗,连续12周。观察2组患者治疗前后临床症状、体征、体质指数(BMI)及肝脏超声的变化,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平的变化。[结果]治疗组总有效率为90.9%(40/55),对照组总有效率为75.9%(41/54),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。与治疗前相比较,对照组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC水平降低(P〈0.05或P〈0.01),HDL-C水平升高(P〈0.05),LDL-C水平无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平明显降低(P〈0.01),HDL-C水平明显升高(P〈0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平降低,血清HDL-C水平升高,均优于对照组(P〈0.05)。[结论]二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,具有良好的临床疗效。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清Betatrophin水平评估病情严重程度的应用价值

目的研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者血清Betatrophin水平评估病情严重程度的价值。方法选取我院2017年4月—2018年4月收治的50例NAFLD患者纳入研究对象,设为观察组;另外选取50名体检健康的志愿者作为对照组。对比两组及不同病情严重程度患者促代谢因子(Betatrophin)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平及身体质量指数(BMI)差异,另外以Spearman系数分析NAFLD患者血清Betatrophin与ALT、AST、TC、TG及BMI的相关性。结果观察组Betatrophin、ALT、AST、TC、TG及BMI显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同严重程度NAFLD患者Betatrophin、ALT、AST、TC、TG及BMI对比重度中度轻度,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经相关性分析血清Betatrophin水平与ALT、AST、TC、TG及BMI呈正相关,均有(P0.05)。结论 NAFLD患者Betatrophin水平呈现出高表达,且随病情严重程度的加重而上升,可用于NAFLD病情严重程度的评估,值得临床关注。     

二甲双胍治疗成年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病的荟萃分析

目的:评价二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non alcoholic fatty liver disease.NAFLD)的疗效.方法:在Medline、Embase、OVID、Cochrane Library、Cinahl、CESJ、ASP、VIP和CNKI中国期刊全文数据库中检索已发表的关于二甲双胍联合饮食控制与单纯饮食控制比较治疗NAFLD的随机对照临床试验.利用Stata 9.0软件和Review Manager 5.0.14软件进行荟萃分析.结果:按入选标准,共纳入9个随机对照临床试验.荟萃分析表明:与单纯饮食控制相比,二甲双胍联合饮食控制可以明显降低NAFLD患者的ALT、AST和GGT,WMD值分别为-12.12 U/L(95%CI:-22.13,-2.12,P=0.02)、-11.38 U/L(95%CI:-22.86,0.11,P=0.05)和-19.91 U/,L(95%CI:-37.01,-2.82,P=0.02):二甲双胍联合饮食控制与单纯饮食控制相比,可以明显改善NAFLD患者的胰岛素抵抗,使HOMA-IR降低,WMD值为-0.67(95%CI:-0.80,-0.55,P＜0.00001);但二甲双胍联合饮食控制对NAFLD患者肝脏组织学的改善作用并不优于单纯饮食控制,并不能明显降低肝脏炎症评分和肝脏纤维化评分,SMD分别为-0.08(95%CI:-0.51,0.35,P=0.71)和-0.32(95%CI:-0.75,0.11,P=0.14).结论:二甲双胍可以加快NAFLD患者ALT、AST和GGT生化指标的恢复,并可以明显改善胰岛素抵抗,但对NAFLD患者肝脏组织学的改善作用并不明显.     

肝爽颗粒联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效观察

目的研究肝爽颗粒联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的临床疗效。方法收集大庆市第五医院2018年4月—2019年4月诊断为T2DM合并NAFLD的患者68例,按数字抽取法随机分为两组,对照组34例给予二甲双胍治疗,治疗组34例肝爽颗粒联合二甲双胍治疗,治疗疗程3个月,对上述两组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2 hPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-c)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)进行比较分析。结果治疗组的TC、TG、LDL-c、AST、ALT、GGT有明显的降低,对照组降低不明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组和对照组的FPG、2 hPG均有明显降低,治疗组降低大于对照组(P0.05)。结论肝爽颗粒联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效理想,适合临床应用。     

二甲双胍对糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸和维生素B12水平的影响

目的 探讨T2DM患者二甲双胍治疗后血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、维生素B12(Vit B12)、叶酸(FA)水平的变化.方法 44例T2DM患者在原治疗的基础上口服二甲双胍,治疗前和治疗半年后测定血清Hcy、Vit B12、FA水平.结果 口服二甲双胍半年后,血清Vit B12、FA水平下降,Hcy水平升高,其升高与二甲双胍使用剂量、Vit B12、FA下降相关.结论 二甲双胍口服半年可降低T2DM患者Vit B12、FA水平,升高血清Hcy水平.     

二甲双胍对糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸和维生素B_(12)水平的影响

目的探讨T2DM患者二甲双胍治疗后血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、维生素B_(12)(Vit B_(12))、叶酸(FA)水平的变化。方法 44例T2DM患者在原治疗的基础上口服二甲双胍,治疗前和治疗半年后测定血清Hcy、Vit B_(12)、FA水平。结果口服二甲双胍半年后,血清Vit B_(12)、FA水平下降,Hcy水平升高,其升高与二甲双胍使用剂量、Vit B_(12)、FA下降相关。结论二甲双胍口服半年可降低T2DM患者Vit B_(12)、FA水平,升高血清Hcy水平。     

二甲双胍联合辛伐他汀治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并2型糖尿病患者疗效研究

目的 探讨应用二甲双胍联合辛伐他汀治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者对血糖和血脂指标的影响。 方法 2018年1月～2020年6月我院诊治的NAFLD合并T2DM患者168例,其中75例接受二甲双胍治疗,另93例接受二甲双胍和辛伐他汀联合治疗,两组均观察3个月。常规检测血生化指标和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),采用放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA—IR)。结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、血清FINS、合并高血压、代谢综合征或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)等方面差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;在治疗3个月末,联合组HOMA—IR为1.8(1.0,2.7),显著低于二甲双胍治疗组【2.1(1.3,3.5),P<0.05】,而两组血清HbA1c和FINS水平比较,无显著性差异【分别为(6.4(6.0,7.0)%对(6.5(6.2,7.5)%和(5.5(2.2,7.6)μU/ml对(5.7(2.9,8.5)μU/ml,P>0.05】;联合组血清甘油三酯水平为2.1(1.9,3.3)mmol/l,显著低于二甲双胍治疗组【(2.7(2.1,3.5))mmol/l,P<0.05】,胆固醇为4.3(3.7,5.0)mmol/l,显著低于二甲双胍治疗组【5.4(5.0,6.2)mmol/l,P<0.05】,而血清高密度脂蛋白为1.7(1.5,2.6)mmol/l,显著高于二甲双胍治疗组【1.4(1.0,1.7)mmol/l,P<0.05】,但两组血清ALT【54(26,62)U/L对55(32,65)U/L,P>0.05】、AST【57(47,72)U/L对57(46,64)U/L,P>0.05】和低密度脂蛋白【2.5(2.2,3.3)mmol/l对2.6(2.1,3.4)mmol/l,P>0.05】无显著性差异。结论 应用二甲双胍联合辛伐他汀治疗NAFLD合并T2DM患者可改善血糖和部分血脂指标水平,其对肝脂肪变的影响还需要进一步观察。     

二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗T2DM合并NAFLD患者疗效及血清二肽基肽酶4和C肽变化

目的 探讨应用二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者疗效及血清可溶性二肽基肽酶4(sDPP-4)和空腹C肽的变化。方法 2018年9月～2021年9月我院收治的T2DM合并NAFLD患者98例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组49例和观察组49例,分别给予二甲双胍或二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗24 w。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。采用电化学发光法检测血清空腹胰岛素(FINS),并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。采用化学发光法检测血清空腹C肽,采用ELISA法检测血清sDPP-4。结果 在治疗24 w末,观察组血清GGT水平为(61.0±6.4)U/L,显著低于对照组【(79.2±6.9)U/L,P<0.05】;肝/脾CT比值为(0.9±0.2),显著高于对照组【(0.7±0.2),P<0.05】,血清空腹C肽水平为(1.6±0.3)ng/...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。