HIRA基因在先天性心脏病发病机制中的作用

圆锥动脉干畸形是引起婴幼儿早期死亡的主要心血管畸形之一.研究表明,圆锥动脉干畸形与22号染色体长臂的微缺失有密切关系,其中,位于该染色体相关区域的HIRA基因被推测可能是与这一类型先天性心脏病发病具有重要关系的候选基因.     

The role of growth hormone in stunted head growth after cranial irradiation

The head sizes of 38 patients, growth hormone (GH) deficient following craniospinal (n = 26) or cranial irradiation (n = 12), have been assessed before (n = 38) and on completion of GH therapy (n = 15) or at the end of a similar period of observation without GH (n = 7). These results were compared to the change in head size seen in idiopathic GH deficiency following GH therapy (n = 14). Before GH therapy, the latter had small heads [mean occipitofrontal circumference SD score (SDS) -1], which were relatively large compared to the height deficit [height SDS (CA) -4.7], and they exhibited catch-up growth with GH (delta occipitofrontal circumference SDS + 0.7, final occipitofrontal circumference SDS -0.2). In contrast, over a similar period all patients, who previously had received cranial irradiation in the dosage range 2700-4750 centi-Geigy, irrespective of the radiation schedule or GH treatment, showed a decrease in occipitofrontal circumference SDS (mean delta -0.9), a significant difference to the expected head growth of normal children over a similar period (p less than 0.01). We have noted that restricted head growth occurs in the years following cranial irradiation and is unaffected by GH therapy. Earlier work has shown that cranial irradiation may impair intelligence. The exact relationship between intellectual impairment and stunted head growth remains to be determined.     

SOX10在先天性巨结肠相关性小肠结肠炎发病中的作用

目的 探讨SOX10、潘氏细胞发育及分泌防御素-5与先天性巨结肠相关性小肠结肠炎的关系.方法 收集50例先天性巨结肠病变肠管,根据术前是否发生小肠结肠炎分为HAFC组(n=14)和HD组(n=36),并以20例正常结肠标本作对照组.采用免疫组织化学方法观察结肠中防御素-5蛋白质表达、潘氏细胞发育情况以及SOX10蛋白质表达情况.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测防御素-5 mRNA及Sox 10 mRNA表达情况.结果 防御素-5在正常肠管中不表达,HAEC组和HD组在肠腺隐窝基底处呈不同程度阳性表达.但前者阳性区域平均光密度值明显增高(0.33±0.039比0.10±0.031,P＜0.05),HAEC组防御素-5mRNA亦呈显著增高趋势(2.72±0.80比0.78±0.21,P＜0.05).对结肠组织同层切片进行潘氏细胞特异性产物溶菌酶免疫组化染色发现,对照组肠管中除1例存在弱阳性外其他均无阳性表达.HD组和HAEC组结肠中同样在隐窝基底处存在溶菌酶阳性细胞,可鉴别为化生的潘氏细胞,但HAEC组在发生率(78.6%)和细胞个数(2.97±0.80)明显高于HD组(27.8%,0.43±0.85)(P＜0.05).SOX10免疫产物主要在结肠神经节细胞膜及胞浆中表达,对照组、HAEC组、HD组阳性区域的平均光密度值递减(0.75±0.041,0.61±0.048,0.35±0.025),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同时RT-PCR检测显示Sox10 mRNA在各组中的表达与蛋白质水平呈平行结果.结论 SOX10可能通过影响潘氏细胞发育及分泌防御素-5在先天性巨结肠相关性小肠结肠炎的发生发展中起一定作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the expression of SOX10 and Human α-defensins-5(HD-5 )in Hirschsprung's disease associated enterocolitis(HAEC) and expore the possible relationship between SOX10 and HAEC.Methods Fifty pathological colons of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) were divided into HAEC group (n = 14) and HD group(n = 36) according to the presence of preoperative enterocolitis,Twenty normal colons as control group.The protein and mRNA expression of HD-5 and SOX 10 were measured by immunohistochemical staining and real-time quantitative PCR Results Normal colons did not express HD-5 but positive expression of HD-5 was detected at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in HAEC and HD groups in different degree.The mean optical density of HD-5 immunohistochemical staining (0.33 ± 0.039 vs 0.10 ± 0.031 )and HD-5 mRNA expression (2.72 ± 0.80 vs 0.78 ± 0.21 ) in HAEC group was apparently higher than those in HD group(P＜0.05).The expression of lysozyme,a specific product by Paneth Cell,on sequential sections was negative in control group except one sample.In HAEC group and HD group,positive expression of lysozyme can be seen in the crypts of Lieberkuhn,where the cells can be identified as Metaplastic Paneth cell,but the incidence (78.6% vs 27.8%) and the number of cells 2.97 ± 0.80 vs 0.43 ± 0.85) in HAEC group were obviously higher than those in HD group(2.97 ± 0.80 vs 0.43 ± 0.85) (P＜0.05).SOX10 was mainly located in the plasmalemma and cytoplasm of ganglion cell and its mean optical density in control group (0.75 ±0.041 ),HAEC group (0.61 ± 0.048)and HD group(0.35 ± 0.025) were decrement,the difference between three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,Sox10mRNA detected by real-time quantitative PCR indicated the parallel result.Conclusions SOX10 may be an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of HAEC.     

PAX2与急慢性肾脏疾病研究进展

配对盒基因2(paired box2,PAX2)是一种核转录因子,表达在发育期肾脏。研究表明PAX2通过与PTIP的相互作用使染色质处于可转录状态,与Grg4的相互作用削弱了其与PTIP结合而抑制转录。 PAX2在急性肾损伤时再表达,参与促进细胞增殖修复。先天PAX2基因突变与先天性肾脏输尿管异常密切相关。在慢性肾脏疾病,PAX2起到促进增殖及囊肿形成的作用。该文就PAX2的功能及其在急性肾损伤和慢性肾脏疾病中作用的相关研究进行综述。     

The role of growth hormone in the development of complications in insulin-dependent diabetes

Disturbed function of the axis hypothalamus-growth hormone-somatomeding C (IGF-1) plays an important role in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Patients with insuline dependent diabetes show increased secretion on GH but secretion of IGF-1 may be normal, decreased or increased. These disturbances are especially distinct in the prepubescent period when susceptibility to develop complications is bigger. Increased secretion of GH and IGF-1 plays an essential role in the development of retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. The paper explains the role of GH in controlling glycaemia and in the development of vascular complications during diabetes.     

The role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in neuroblastoma disease pathogenesis

Neuroblastoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor accounting for 15 % of all pediatric cancer deaths. Clinical behavior ranges from the spontaneous regression of localized, asymptomatic tumors, as well as metastasized tumors in infants, to rapid progression and resistance to therapy. Genomic amplification of the MYCN oncogene has been used to predict outcome in neuroblastoma for over 30 years, however, recent methodological advances including miRNA and mRNA profiling, comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), and whole-genome sequencing have enabled the detailed analysis of the neuroblastoma genome, leading to the identification of new prognostic markers and better patient stratification. In this review, we will describe the main genetic factors responsible for these diverse clinical phenotypes in neuroblastoma, the chronology of their discovery, and the impact on patient prognosis.     

Toll样受体信号途径活化在川崎病免疫发病机制中的作用

目的探讨Toll样受体(TLR s)信号途径在川崎病(KD)免疫发病机制中的作用。方法急性期KD患儿16例,正常同年龄对照组16例。KD患儿分别于静脉丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗前后直接取血备检,未加任何体外丝裂原刺激培养。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及荧光定量PCR检测外周血单个核细胞TLR s 1~10,MD-2,MyD88,IL-1,βIL-6及IL-8 mRNA的表达;流式细胞术分别检测单核/巨噬细胞表面TLR s 2、4及共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达。结果(1)急性期KD患儿TLR4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著高于正常同年龄对照组[Real-tim e PCR(325.22±50.34)vs.(2.20±0.23),P<0.01);流式细胞术检测(15.96±5.94)%vs.(3.21±0.62)%,P<0.01],其他TLR表达无明显改变;(2)TLR4传导途径相关因子MD-2及MyD88亦明显增高(P<0.01),IVIG治疗后有不同程度下降;(3)急性期KD患儿组单核/巨噬细胞表面共刺激分子及前炎症细胞因子表达亦明显增高(P<0.01)。结论急性期KD患儿TLR4及其相关分子MD-2、MyD88异常增高,提示TLR4异常活化可能是KD免疫功能紊乱的始动因素之一。     

Neonatal hypoglycemia in a growth hormone registry: incidence and pathogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of infants with neonatal hypoglycemia treated with growth hormone (GH) in order to gain insights into factors aiding in the identification of and timely treatment of hypopituitary neonates. STUDY DESIGN: The National Cooperative Growth Study (NCGS) database was examined to identify infants with neonatal hypoglycemia started on GH by 6 months of age. 169 infants (100 males, 69 females) were found and their data analyzed for physical characteristics, the presence of other hormone deficits, and the diagnostic methods used. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD baseline length standard deviation score (SDS) was -1.5 +/- 1.8. 148/169 infants had hypopituitarism. Twelve had isolated GH deficiency (GHD). Nine had hypoglycemia without hypothalamic or pituitary pathology. Structural central nervous system (CNS) lesions and/or midline facial defects were present in 66/169. 55/100 males had micropenis. Although 158 infants had GHD, only 90 infants had it documented by stimulation testing (80) or a critical sample when hypoglycemic (10). Multiple hormone replacement therapy was necessary in 89% of the hypoglycemic infants. CONCLUSIONS: The great majority of these hypoglycemic infants had GHD, usually secondary to hypopituitarism. Over 1/3 had structural lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary area or midline facial defects. Although lengths may be normal in these infants, physical features such as micropenis or cleft lip and/or palate should suggest pituitary dysfunction as the etiology of their hypoglycemia. A critical blood sample for GH taken during hypoglycemia is a quick and definitive diagnostic tool.     

纤毛在先天性心脏病发病中的作用和机制研究进展

先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)是最常见的先天性疾病之一,主要指胎儿于胚胎发育期受到各类异常因素影响而导致的心血管发育异常。研究发现,心血管功能结构的正常发育需要准确的左右轴不对称定位,纤毛作为体内物质代谢与信号传导的重要环节,纤毛结构功能障碍可能通过影响胚胎发育期人体器官、组织...     

成纤维细胞生长因子-2在肾脏疾病中的作用

成纤维细胞生长因子 2 (fibroblastgrowthfactor 2 ,FGF 2 )参与多种脏器的胚胎发育 ,具有致有丝分裂作用、促增殖和分化作用。近年来 ,关于FGF 2在各种肾脏疾病发病机制方面的研究逐步深入与明了。研究证明 ,FGF 2参与足细胞损伤、启动球囊黏连、导致肾小球硬化 ;参与肾小管上皮细胞损伤 ,介导肾小管上皮间质转分化 ,加速肾间质纤维化     

维生素D及其受体在肾脏疾病中作用的研究进展

维生素D具有广泛的生物学作用,其生物学效应由细胞内特异性的维生素D受体介导.最近研究表明活性维生素D能够减轻肾小球病变和肾小管间质纤维化程度,减少蛋白尿,降低慢性肾脏病患者心血管事件的病死率,对慢性肾病及其并发症有一定疗效.该文就维生素D及其受体在肾脏疾病中作用的研究进展作一综述.