Recommendation to include fragrance mix 2 and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral) in the European baseline patch test series

Background:  The currently used fragrance mix in the European baseline patch test series (baseline series) fails to detect a substantial number of clinically relevant fragrance allergies.
Objective:  To investigate whether it is justified to include hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral^®) and fragrance mix 2 containing hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, citral, farnesol, coumarin, citronellol, and α-hexyl cinnamal in the European baseline patch test series.
Methods:  Survey of the literature on reported frequencies of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis from fragrance mix 2 and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral) as well as reported results of experimental provocation test.
Results:  Fragrance mix 2 has been demonstrated to be a useful additional marker of fragrance allergy with contact allergy rates up to 5% when included in various national baseline patch test series. Of the fragrance substances present in fragrance mix 2, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde is the most common sensitizer. Contact allergy rates between 1.5% and 3% have been reported for hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde in petrolatum (pet.) at 5% from various European centres when tested in consecutive dermatitis patients.
Conclusions:  From 2008, pet. preparations of fragrance mix 2 at 14% w/w (5.6 mg/cm²) and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde at 5% w/w (2.0 mg/cm²) are recommended for inclusion in the baseline series. With the Finn Chamber^® technique, a dose of 20 mg pet. preparation is recommended. Whenever there is a positive reaction to fragrance mix 2, additional patch testing with the 6 ingredients, 5 if there are simultaneous positive reactions to hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde and fragrance mix 2, is recommended.     

Objective assessment of nickel sulfate patch test reactions with laser Doppler perfusion imaging

The laser Doppler perfusion scanning technique was used to assess the superficial blood flow of nickel sulfate hexahydrate patch test reactions. There was good agreement between laser Doppler and visual assessments when the highest assessment values of reactions were studied. Earlier detection of reactions was possible with the laser technique. There was great inter-individual variance in perfusion between identically tested patients. 4 patients were visually negative when a TRUE Test^TM patch test dose of 0.20 mg/cm² was applied for 48 h and the test area read 4× up to 168 h. These 4 showed a dose-related increase in perfusion and visually positive reactions using longer application times. The instrument allowed a dose reduction not possible for visual assessments. Reading transparent patches in contact with the skin through transparent semi-occlusive plastic foil or through windows in the tape strip over the patches, allowed us to detect perfusion at 48 h, where a longer application would have been needed using tape and visual assessments.     

无锡市1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的接触性变应原分析

目的 探讨无锡市皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的接触性变应原及其临床意义。 方法 斑贴试剂盒对门诊确诊的1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者进行斑贴试验,并对结果作统计学处理。 结果 斑贴试验总阳性率83.19%,性别、年龄差异无统计学意义。阳性率居前6位的变应原依次为重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物。其中重铬酸钾和卡巴混合物的阳性检出率男性显著高于女性,硫酸镍和甲醛的阳性检出率女性显著高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。氯化钴的阳性检出率中青年组和老年组显著高于儿童组,硫酸镍的阳性检出率中青年组显著高于儿童组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物是无锡市引起皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的主要变应原。     

Association between positive patch tests to epoxy resin and fragrance mix I ingredients

Background:  Both epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) and fragrance mix I are included in the European baseline series of contact allergens. A significant association between positive reactions to epoxy resin and fragrance mix has been reported by others.
Objective:  To investigate and possibly reproduce this association with the use of TRUE^® test data and supplementary tests with fragrance mix ingredients from the Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital.
Materials and Methods:  Six thousand one hundred and fifteen consecutive eczema patients tested from 1995 to 2007 were included, and test results from all patients tested with fragrance mix ingredients were analysed.
Results:  One hundred and forty-five (2.4%) were positive to epoxy resin and 282 (4.6%) were positive to fragrance mix I. Nineteen were positive to both giving an odds ratio of 3.3, which is significant (95% CI 2.0–5.4). Analysis of association to individual fragrance mix ingredients showed a significant association to α-amyl cinnamal and isoeugenol.
Conclusions:  The significant association between positive reactions to epoxy resin and fragrance mix I was reproduced. However, the clinical implications are not clarified, and even though the association may be coincidental, the fact that it can be reproduced with a different patch test system and in a different population speaks against a random result. Further studies may help to interpret the association.     

652例过敏性皮肤病斑贴试验变应原分析

目的:分析我院过敏性皮肤病患者常见的接触性变应原.方法:回顾性分析我院门诊652例行斑贴试验的过敏性皮肤病患者资料,包括接触性皮炎249例、面部皮炎158例、湿疹87例、激素依赖性皮炎64例、特应性皮炎51例、唇炎43例,并对斑贴试验结果及不同年龄、性别阳性率进行比较分析.结果:斑贴试验总阳性448例(68.71％)....     

Frequency of sensitization to methyl aminolaevulinate after photodynamic therapy

Background:  Allergic contact dermatitis to methyl aminolaevulinate (Metvix™) after topical application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has previously been described in case reports.
Objective:  To compare the frequency of sensitization to Metvix^® cream in a group of patients previously treated at least five times with Metvix-PDT with the frequency observed in an unexposed control group.
Methods:  Twenty patients treated five times or more with Metvix-PDT and 60 controls with no prior exposure to Metvix^® were patch tested with Metvix^® cream and Metvix^® placebo cream. Subsequently, the patients were interviewed to determine the relevance of a positive patch test reaction to Metvix^®.
Results:  Of 20 patients treated with Metvix-PDT, 7 were sensitized to Metvix^® cream, giving a sensation risk of 35%. In the control group, 1 of 60 became sensitized after a single exposure to Metvix^® cream (1.7%). There was no reaction to the placebo cream. The positive patch tests to Metvix^® were considered relevant in four of seven patients (57%).
Conclusions:  This study demonstrates a considerable risk of sensitization after Metvix-PDT. We suggest that the patients are interviewed to detect late or persistent local reactions after PDT. These reactions are often considered to be local infections but may represent allergic contact dermatitis, and therefore, patients should be offered patch testing with Metvix^® cream.     

Correlation between laser Doppler perfusion imaging and visual scoring of patch test sites in subjects with experimentally induced allergic and irritant contact reactions

Purpose: To compare laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) measurements in experimentally induced allergic contact reactions and irritant contact reactions. The degree of correlation between visual scores and LDPI measurements was also studied.
Methods: Fifteen patients with known contact allergy to nickel or fragrance were patch tested with nickel sulfate 5% pet., fragrance mix 8% pet., sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 0.5% pet., SLS 1.0% pet. and two empty control chambers. Visual readings and LDPI measurements were taken at 0, 48 and 96 h.
Results: There was a positive correlation between visual scores and LDPI measurement in the nickel sulfate and fragrance mix patch test sites. However, no correlation between visual scores and LDPI measurements was seen in the SLS 0.5% and SLS 1.0% patch test sites. There was no significant difference ( P =0.125) in LDPI measurements between contact-allergic reactions and contact-irritant reactions.
Conclusion: LDPI correlates with visual scoring in contact-allergic reactions, but not in irritant reactions. LDPI is not useful in distinguishing between allergic and irritant reactions.     

A clinical and patch test study of contact dermatitis from traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Putative allergens in, clinical manifestations of, and patch tests with traditional Chinese medicinal materials (CMM) causing contact dermatitis (CD) were studied. 14 patients with CMM CD and 351 controls were patch tested with the standard series of allergens of Beijing Medical University and the suspected drug, as is. It was found that most CMM CD was caused by the CMM frequently used topically for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. All patients patch tested with the suspected drug gave positive results. Some patients also reacted to fragrance mix. Colophony, rubber mix and ammoniated mercury. The positively rates of fragrance mix and colophony in CMM CD patients were significantly higher than in controls (55.6% versus 16.5% for fragrance mix, X ²= 11. 86, P < 0.01; and 55.6% versus 5.1% for colophony, X ²= 29.35. P < 0.01), while not those of rubber mix and ammoniated mercury. Results indicated that the topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory CMM, especially those containing fragrance, may cause contact sensitization. Clinical findings in CMM CD included cutaneous irritation, allergic contact dermatitis. immediate contact reactions and systemic contact dermatitis. CMM CD can he diagnosed by patch testing the putative drug, as is.     

Cobalt-containing alloys and their ability to release cobalt and cause dermatitis

Background:  Cobalt, nickel, and chromium are important skin sensitizers. However, knowledge about cobalt exposure and causes of cobalt sensitization is limited.
Objectives:  To study release of cobalt, nickel, and chromium from some cobalt-containing hard metal alloys and to test reactivity to the materials in cobalt-sensitized patients.
Methods:  Discs suitable for patch testing were made of some hard metal alloys. Cobalt, nickel, and chromium release from the materials was determined by immersion in artificial sweat (2 min, 1 hr, 1 day, and 1 week). Patch test reactivity to the discs and to serial dilutions of cobalt and nickel was assessed in previously patch-tested dermatitis patients (19 cobalt positive and 18 cobalt-negative controls).
Results:  All discs released cobalt, nickel, and chromium. Some discs released large amounts of cobalt (highest concentration: 290 μg/cm²/week). Seven discs elicited three or more positive test reactions.
Conclusions:  The concentration of released cobalt was high enough to elicit allergic contact dermatitis in cobalt-sensitized patients. As the materials in the discs are used in wear parts of hard metal tools, individuals with contact allergy to cobalt may develop hand eczema when handling such materials.     

Sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]) as an improved test salt for palladium allergy patch testing

Background:  In the last decades, palladium is widely used in dentistry. Allergic reactions to palladium are rarely diagnosed with patch testing, even when positive results would be expected. Palladium tends to cross-react with nickel, which should give rise to more positive reactions to palladium dichloride (standard test salt).
Objective:  The aim of the study was to test whether or not mono-nuclear sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na₂[PdCl₄]) in petrolatum is a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy. Positive reactions to the investigated test salt are compared not only with PdCl_2(aq.), but also to NiSO_4(aq.) and NiSO_4(pet.).
Patients/Methods:  Concentration series of Na₂[PdCl₄] were carried out. 164 consecutive patients were patch tested.
Results:  3% of Na₂[PdCl₄]_(pet.) was found to be the highest non-irritative concentration. The results show ( n  = 164) that Na₂[PdCl₄] covers all reactions to PdCl₂ (1.8%) and provokes more positive reactions (14%). From the 164 patients, 18.3% reacted positively to at least 1 of the nickel salts.
Conclusion:  The sensitivity of patch testing with Na₂[PdCl₄] is increased compared with the PdCl₂ salt. Therefore, it can be concluded that Na₂[PdCl₄] is to be a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy with patch testing.     

Nickel release from nickel-plated metals and stainless steels

Nickel release from nickel-plated metals often induces allergic contact dermatitis, but, for nickel-containing stainless steels, the effect is not well-known. In this paper, AISI 304, 316L, 303 and 430 type stainless steels, nickel and nickel-plated materials were investigated. 4 tests were performed: patch tests, leaching experiments, dimethylglyoxime (DMG) spot tests and electrochemical tests. Patch tests showed that 96% of the patients were intolerant to Ni-plated samples, and 14% to a high-sulfur stainless steel (303), while nickel-containing stainless steels with a low sulfur content elicited no reactions. Leaching experiments confirmed the patch tests: in acidic artificial sweat, Ni-plated samples released about 100 mUg/cm²/week of nickel, while low-sulfur stainless steels released less than 0.03 μg/cm²/week of nickel, and AISI 303 about 1.5 μg/cm²/week. Attention is drawn to the irrelevance of the DMG spot test, which reveals Ni present in the metal bulk but not its dissolution rate. Electrochemical experiments showed that 304 and 316 grades remain passive in the environments tested, while Ni-plated steels and AISI 303 can suffer significant cation dissolution. Thus, Ni-containing 304 and 316 steels should not induce contact dermatitis, while 303 should be avoided. A reliable nitric acid spot test is proposed to distinguish this grade from other stainless steels.     

Contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among school children and teenagers with eczema

Background:  Patch testing is an essential procedure in the investigation of eczema in children.
Objectives:  To analyse the frequency of contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among Polish children with eczema.
Patients/methods:  During an allergy screening programme involving 9320 children aged 7 and 16 years, 12.6% reported symptoms of chronic/recurrent eczema. From this group, a representative sample of 229 eczema children underwent patch testing: 96 children aged 7 years and 133 teenagers aged 16 years. Patch testing was with 10 allergens: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), nickel sulfate, mercury ammonium chloride, thimerosal, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, lanolin, fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru), and colophonium.
Results:  49.4% tested children were found patch test (PT) positive. 43.8% of 7 year olds with eczema were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (30.2%), thimerosal (10.4%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), fragrance mix I (7.3%), MCI/MI (6.3%), potassium dichromate (6.3%), M.   pereirae (3.1%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), and colophonium (1.0%). 52.6% teenagers were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (23.3%), thimerosal (27.8%), cobalt chloride (10.5%), potassium dichromate (6.0%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), M. pereirae (1.5%), and MCI/MI (0.8%). The final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was confirmed in 36% of 7 year olds and 26% of 16 year olds.
Conclusions:  Every second child with eczema is PT positive, whereas every third child is finally diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis.     

Release of nickel from coins and deposition onto skin from coin handling--comparing euro coins and SEK

Background:  Nickel exposure is the most common cause of contact allergy. The role of contact with nickel-containing coins has been controversial.
Objectives:  To compare the release of nickel from 1 and 2 EUR coins (both composed of two alloys: Cu 75%, Zn 20%, Ni 5% and Cu 75%, Ni 25%) and Swedish 1 SEK coin (alloy: Cu 75%, Ni 25%) and to assess the deposition of nickel onto skin by coin handling.
Methods:  Nickel release was determined by immersion in artificial sweat (2 min, 1 hr, 24 hr, and 1 week). Deposition of nickel onto the skin was assessed in three subjects after 1-hr handling of 2 EUR and 1 SEK coins. Samples ( n  = 48) were taken from fingers and palms by acid wipe sampling and analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Results:  Amounts of nickel released by 1 week from 1 SEK, 1 EUR, and 2 EUR coins were 121, 86, and 99 μg/cm², respectively. Corresponding 2 min values were 0.11, 0.25, and 0.22 μg/cm². Nickel was deposited onto the skin by 1 hr coin handling (range 0.09–4.1 μg/cm²), the largest amounts were on fingers; similar amounts of nickel were deposited from 1 SEK and 2 EUR coins.
Conclusions:  Nickel is released from 1 and 2 EUR and 1 SEK coins at similar amounts. Nickel is deposited onto skin at substantial and similar amounts by coin handling. Acid wipe sampling is suitable for studies of skin exposure to nickel and in risk assessment.     

Linalool – a significant contact sensitizer after air exposure

Background: Linalool is a widely used fragrance terpene. Pure linalool is not allergenic or a very weak allergen, but autoxidizes on air exposure and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized (ox.) linalool has previously been patch tested at a concentration of 2.0% in petrolatum (pet.) in 1511 patients, and 1.3% positive patch test reactions were observed.
Objective: To investigate the optimal patch test concentration for detection of contact allergy to ox. linalool.
Methods: Four concentrations of ox. linalool (2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 11.0% pet.) were tested in 3418 consecutive dermatitis patients.
Results: Ox. linalool 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, and 11.0% pet. detected positive patch test reactions in 0.83%, 3.2%, 5.3%, and 7.2% of the tested patients, respectively. The doubtful reactions increased with rising concentrations but relatively less, giving 5.1%, 6.4%, and 7.3% doubtful reactions, respectively, for ox. linalool 4.0%, 6.0%, and 11.0% pet. Few irritative reactions were seen.
Conclusions: Raising the patch test concentration for ox. linalool gave a better detection of contact allergy, as many as 5–7% positive patch test reactions were detected. We suggest a patch test concentration of ox. linalool 6.0% pet. for future patch testing, giving a dose per unit area of 2.4 mg/cm² when 20 mg test substance is tested in small Finn Chambers^®.     

Release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves

A method for quantitative determination of thiuram and carbamate derivatives released From rubber gloves into synthetic sweat is presented, The analysis was based upon determination of ester derivatives using gas-Chromatography/mass spectrometry and isotope-dilution. The detection limit was 0.1 mg thiuram. carbamate in 200 ml synthetic sweat (0.5 ppm). The release of thiurams and carbamates from 5 household and 5 surgical types of gloves into synthetic sweat was determined. Each of the natural rubber gloves released varying amounts of thiurams (0 4.3 mgl as well as carbamates (0–8.1 mg). 22 thiuram-sensitized patients were patch tested with pieces of the gloves. Gloves releasing considerable amounts of thiurams and or carbamates seemed lo cause more positive patch le.st reactions in these patients than gloves releasing smaller amounts. Surgical gloves made from natural rubber caused a substantial larger number of positive patch test reactions than household gloves made from natural rubber. The amounts released per cm² of the gloves were of the same order of magnitude as the content per cm² patch test of thiuram mix, diluted 1:10. The accessibility of a quantitative, chemical analysis for thiurams and carbamates released from rubber gloves makes it reasonable to ask for declarations of rubber gloves. Proposals for threshold values for release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves may be given in the future.     

Macro-video documentation patch tests

An unequivocal distinction between allergic and irritant patch test reactions is often difficult with patch tests. This study was designed to evaluate the worth of video-macro camera documentation for differentiation between allergic and irritant test reactions and to investigate whether there are characteristic clinical differences in patch test responses between metal salts and fragrances. Patch testing was performed with nickel sulfate, fragrance mix and an irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate 1% aq., on the upper back of 82 patients, with evaluation and computer-aided video documentation after 48 and 72 hr. No reliable clinicomorphological criterion was found for assessing a weak patch test reaction as being definitely allergic. Even characteristic papules and vesicles were not regularly found in allergic reactions. However, unlike fragrance mix, patch test reactions to nickel sulfate were characteristic in that they showed a heterogeneous spread and an association with hair follicle openings, independent of reaction intensity. Evaluation based on additional computer-aided video-macro camera documentation did not add further advantage for the differentiation of allergic and irritant reactions. But well-defined clinicomorphological features and reaction patterns to single test substances or even whole substance categories could be helpful additional criteria for evaluating patch test responses in clinical practice.     

A novel culturing and grafting system for the treatment of leg ulcers

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an efficient culturing and grafting system for the treatment of leg ulcers. The culturing system consisted of a Petriperm^® culture vessel (20 cm²) aseptically placed in a larger standard Petri dish (60 cm²). Skin cultures were established and cultivated in the Petriperm^® dish. The cells grew on the bottom of the Petriperm^® dish, which was made of a gas-permeable 25-μm thick transparent Teflon^® film. Grafts were produced simply by cutting the film from the bottom of the Petriperm^® dish with a scalpel. The system was used to produce subconfluent epidermal autografts which were used to heal a 32 cm² chronic rheumatoid arthritis leg ulcer. The cultured autografts were transferred cell side down on to the cleaned wound bed without an enzymatic digestion. The grafts consisted of autologous keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Caution was taken not to disturb the wound bed for 7–9 days at which time the Teflon film was removed. The wound closed 2 weeks after the last grafting and has remained closed for more than a year post-treatment. The culturing and grafting system presented here will make it possible to develop cellular-based therapies that were previously not possible.     

Pretreatment of the test area with 1-day occlusion improves the response rate to NiSO4 5% pet. Patch tests in subjects with a positive history of nickel allergy

A group of 58 women, aged 18 to 51 years, with a clinical history of nickel allergy, who exhibited equivocal or negative reactions to nickel sulfate 5% pet, patch tests performed on the skin of the back, were recruited consecutively from the patch test clinic from September 1993 to June 19944. In order to improve the response rate to NiSO₄ 5% pet, patch tests, a testing procedure utilizing pretreatment of the test area by 1-day (24-h) occlusion was introduced. Patients underwent 2 patch tests on adjacent sites of the volar surface of both forearms. 3 of the patch tests were performed with 40 mg nickel sulfate 5% pet., whereas a control test was carried out by occluding with an empty chamber. 2 of the nickel sulfate test sites were pretreated with 1-day occlusion performed with an empty chamber. A visual grading system and echographic measurement were used to quantify the responses 30–40 min after patch test removal. Echographic evaluations were carried out using a 20 MHz B-scanner. Measurement of skin thickness and determination of the hypoechogenic dermal area, both considered to be parameters of inflammation, were used to evaluate the intensity of the allergic reaction. At the 3-day (72-h) evaluation. 19 subjects out of 58 clearly showed positive reactions to nickel sulfate 5% pet, at pre-occluded skin sites. Moreover, values of skin thickness and of 0–30 areas at positive pre-occluded nickel test areas were higher in respect to control test areas, confirming clinical evidence of increased response to NiSO₄, after occlusion.     

p-Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study

Background:  Positive patch test reactions to p -phenylenediamine (PPD) are common. PPD is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary 'tattoos'. Cross-sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to PPD are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for 'current' prevalence data on PPD sensitization.
Objectives:  To compare PPD patch test results from dermatitis patients tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive PPD patch test reactions.
Materials:  Patch testing was performed using PPD (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malmö, Sweden), equivalent to 0.090 mg/cm² in the TRUE^® test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test.
Results:  The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21 515 patients. PPD sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 2.07–2.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to PPD that were registered as being of either current or 'past' relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of PPD sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross-sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported.
Conclusions:  PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.     

遗传过敏性皮炎致敏因素分析

目的：了解遗传过敏性皮炎（AD）患者接触过敏的情况以及各种常见变应原特异性IgE的阳性检出率。方法：对90例AD患者进行斑贴试验和血清Mast SIgE检测。结果：斑试阳性率为52．22%,与非AD患者的斑试阳性率比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,硫酸镍、4－苯二胺、芳香混合物的阳性率分别为16．67％、10．0％和6．67％。AD患者屋尘螨、粉尘螨的SIgE阳性检出率分别为50．0％、47．8％,屋尘的SIgE阳性检出率为44．4％。结论：AD患者斑试阳性率与非AD患者的斑试阳性率比较无显著性差异。硫酸镍、4－苯二胺、芳香混合物和螨类、屋尘、真菌、花粉等是广东地区AD患者常见的变应原。